Constructional aspects of high pressure turbine replacement in nuclear power plants

V magistrskem delu smo obravnavali različne vidike zamenjave visokotlačne parne turbine v jedrski elektrarni. Glavni cilj naloge je bil raziskati logistične ukrepe v fazi priprave na menjavo visokotlačne turbine. V ta namen smo izdelali 3D model visokotlačne parne turbine, njenih parovodov, betonskega temelja in vseh štirih regulacijskih ventilov. Za izdelavo verodostojnega računalniškega modela smo izvedli 3D laserske meritve celotnega turbinskega dela postrojenja. Z uporabo 3D modela smo analizirali gradbeno konstrukcijo za prostorske omejitve pri načrtovanju zamenjave visokotlačne parne turbine. Izdelali smo 3D model dodatnih podpor parovodov. Določili lokacijo rezanja in varjenja parovodov. Z uporabo 3D modela smo tudi analizirali in predlagali postopke zamenjave visokotlačne parne turbine.In the master\u27s thesis, we discussed various aspects of replacing a high-pressure steam turbine in a nuclear power plant. The main goal of the task was to investigate the logistical measures in the preparation phase for the replacement of the high-pressure turbine. For this purpose, we created a 3D model of a high-pressure steam turbine, its steam pipelines, concrete foundation and all four control valves. To create a credible computer model, we performed a 3D laser scan of the entire turbine section of the plant. When planning the replacement of the high-pressure steam turbine, we analyzed the building structure for space constraints using the 3D model. We made a 3D model of additional steam pipeline supports. We also determined the location of cutting and welding of steam pipelines. Using the 3D model, we also analyzed and proposed procedures for replacing a high-pressure steam turbine

Deciphering the water balance of poljes: example of Planinsko Polje (Slovenia)

Poljes are flat closed karst depressions prone to regular flooding. The floods can be several meters high, last for months and damage significantly human infrastructures. To predict the maximum level reached, the polje water balance needs to be implemented. This technique encounters the difficulty that important part of the inflow and outflow flowing through many poljes is ungauged, as it is challenging to measure accurately the numerous springs and ponors activating temporarily with the rise of water level. This work aims to see whether this problem can be handled and the polje water balance reconstituted. To do so, a typical Dinaric polje is equipped with several water level stations installed over its surface and in the nearby water active caves. Combining a 1*1m digital elevation model of the polje surface with water levels and inflow records of the main two springs allowed assessing the variation of flooded volume and reconstructing the water balance. The highest total inflow values reached during the observed period were of about 140-150 m3/s, with up to a third of it being ungauged. In addition, the effect of a large estavelles group on the polje inflow and outflow could be identified, and helped to characterize the outflow, with values comprised between 65 and 75 m3/s. Finally, intense rainfall over the polje flooded surface showed to be a temporary important source of inflow. The values found by the water balance analysis have been used as input and calibration data in a numerical model reproducing the flood dynamics in the polje and its surrounding aquifer. Results validated both polje water balance and conceptual hydrogeological model. They justify the significance of combining water level measurements with a digital elevation model to monitor the floods. The method can be applied to other poljes flooding in a complex way of superposed input and output signals. Finally, the places to be equipped in priority if the polje has no measurement network or if available funding is limited are discussed

Geografija in rastlinska sukcesija

The book (‘Geography and plant succession. Selected examples from Slovene regions’) is dealing with ecological succession which is one of three kinds of changes in vegetation. The other two are regeneration (or the result of necrosis and regrowth of organisms) and fluctuation (or changes in biomass in longer and shorter time cycles–also seasonal changes). Ecological succession or ecological sequence can be understood as a temporal-spatial clarification of the evolutionary development of a community from bare soil to a stable community which is balanced with its environment. The book is divided in two parts. In the first part, succession is presented on a theoretical basis. The development of the concept of succession through history, its mechanisms and processes carried on in it are clarified. Different types of succession as well as pioneer species and climax societies as the starting and final point of the process under consideration are described. In separated chapters, invasive species and soils as well as their role in succession are discussed. In the second part, individual selected environments (gravel pits in rivers, screes, rockfall areas, fire areas and construction pits) where the two major types of succession are prevailing are presented.Knjiga obravnava ekološko sukcesijo, ki sestavlja eno od treh vrst sprememb v rastlinstvu. Poleg nje sta zastopani še regeneracija oziroma rezultat odmiranja in ponovne rasti organizmov, in fluktuacija oziroma spremembe v biomasi v daljših in krajših časovnih ciklih (tudi sezonske spremembe).Ekološko sukcesijo ali ekološko zaporedje lahko razumemo kot časovno-prostorsko pojasnitev evolucijskega razvoja neke združbe od golih tal do ustaljene, s svojim okoljem uravnotežene združbe.Knjiga je razdeljena v dva dela. V prvem je sukcesija predstavljena na teoretični ravni. Pojasnjeni so razvoj njenega koncepta skozi zgodovino, njeni mehanizmi in procesi, ki potekajo v njej. Opisani so različni tipi sukcesij ter pionirske vrste in klimaksne združbe kot začetni in končni pol obravnavanega procesa. V ločenih poglavjih so obravnavane invazivne vrste ter prsti in njihova vloga v sukcesiji. V drugem delu pa so predstavljena posamezna izbrana okolja (rečna prodišča, melišča, podorno gradivo, požarišča in gradbene jame), kjer prevladujeta glavna tipa sukcesije

Smernice za diagnostiko, zdravljenje in sledenje bolnikov s sarkomi mehkih tkiv in kosti

no abstractni abstrakt

Posodobljena priporočila diagnostike in zdravljenja diferenciranega raka ščitnice

no abstractni abstrakt

Detection of cavitation threshold on a control valve with different sensors heads

Do kavitacije pride v zožitvah, kjer v toku tekočine nivo tlaka pade pod nivo tlaka uparjanja. Na teh mestih se tvorijo parni mehurčki. Njihovi kasnejši kolapsi povzročijo hrup in lahko poškodujejo material v bližini kavitacije. Izbrali smo metodo, s katero smo na regulacijskemu ventilu merili prag kavitacije z različnimi piezoelektričnimi tipali in preučili sposobnost zaznavanja praga kavitacije posameznega tipala. Na podlagi meritev smo ugotovili, da je med izbranimi tipali z izbrano detekcijsko metodo za določanje praga najbolj primerno tipalo DT1-052K/L. S tem tipalom smo izmerili hrup na različnih mestih pred in za regulacijskim ventilom.Cavitation occurs, where the liquid flow narrows and the water pressure drops below vapour pressure. As a result, bubbles full of vapour start to appear. Their later collapse are the cause for making noises and may damage the surface near cavitation. In chosen method we measured the cavitation threshold on the control valve with various piezoelectric sensors and examined the ability to detect the cavitation threshold of an individual sensor. From the results we concluded that cavitation threshold was best measured using the DT1-052K/L sensor. With this sensor we measured the cavitation noise on multiple places in the front and back of control valve

Quality assurance of flues in operation stage with emphasis to chimney fire

Dimnik je sestavni del vsake kurilne naprave. Naloga dimnikov je zagotoviti vlek in dim kontrolirano odvesti v atmosfero. Spadajo med najbolj obremenjene elemente stavb, saj so v celotni življenjski dobi izpostavljeni visokim temperaturam, vremenskim vplivom in kondenzu, ki nastaja kot stranski produkt pri gorenju. Iz navedenih razlogov je potrebno v fazi načrtovanja in gradnje zagotoviti potrebno stabilnost, mehansko odpornost in varnost med uporabo. Določitev primernosti materialov in pravilnost izvedbe dimnikov je določena s standardi, pravilniki in zakoni, ki predpisujejo pravilen način vzdrževanja v času njihove celotne življenjske dobe. V diplomski nalogi obravnavamo zagotavljanje kakovosti dimniških tuljav med njihovo uporabo. Zaradi slabega vzdrževanja in nepravilnosti gradnje je vse več dimniških požarov, katerih število se z leti povečuje, zato je obravnavana tematika zelo aktualna. V nalogi so prikazane najpogostejše napake dimnih tuljav, pri čemer jih je veliko storjenih že v času gradnje, vendar se pokažejo šele kasneje, ob njihovi redni uporabi. V zadnjem delu naloge so prikazani možni načini sanacije dimnikov in gradnja dimnika, odpornega na vžig saj.A chimney is an integral part of every heating device. Its task is to draw smoke and controllably lead it outside into the atmosphere. This is one of the most burdened components of a building, since throughout its lifetime it is exposed to high temperatures, weather conditions and condensation that is a side product of burning. For these reasons, it is important to provide the necessary stability, mechanical resistance and safety during use in the phase of planning and building. Suitable materials and proper construction of chimneys are determined by standards, regulations and laws which determine how to properly maintain them throughout their lifetime. This thesis discusses the quality assurance of smoke coils during their use. Due to poor maintenance and improper construction, there are more and more chimney fires every year, therefore, this is a highly topical subject. This thesis presents the most common faults of smoke coils, many of which occur as early as during their construction. They are exposed only later on with their regular use. Finally, the thesis also presents possible ways of restoring chimneys and a construction of a chimney, resistant to soot ignition

Vegetacijski pasovi na meliščih v slovenskih Alpah

Z več kot 60 % gozdnih in blizu 25 % travnatih površin velja Slovenija za lep primer ‘zelene’ države. Nekoliko drugačno je stanje v visokogorju, kjer so zaradi višje nadmorske višine, nižje povprečne temperature in aktivnih pobočnih procesov rastiščni pogoji zaostreni. V pričujočem prispevku so predstavljene nekatere značilnosti melišč s poudarkom na pred-stavitvi vegetacijskih pasov. Slednje smo določili na podlagi terenskega popisa rastlinskih vrst na dvanajstih meliščih na območju Karavank, Julijskih in Kamniško-Savinjskih Alp