81 research outputs found
Results of the method of transanal Haemorrhoid dearterialization for treatment
Purpose: Hemorrhoidal disease is a polyetiologic disorder at active age. Recently, the methods of hemorrhoidal artery ligation (HAL) and transanal hemorrhoid dearterialization (THD) were introduced. The aim of the present study was to analyze the initial results from THD treatment of hemorrhoidal disease.Material and methods: The study covered 26 patients, 14 males and 12 females, at a mean age of 46 years, with hemorrhoidal disease. Physical examinations, rectal examination and colonoscopy were preoperatively performed. THD was done of 6 arteries along with mucoplication of the distal rectalmucosa.Results: There were no early postoperative complications requiring surgery. Patients` complaints were dominated by low to medium pain not requiring any narcotic analgesics. One patient reported bleeding and pain necessitating re-hospitalization on the 11th day and conservative treatment without blood transfusion. Five patients reported mild pain complaints and 7 ones complained of discomfort in the anal area until the end of the second week. In two patients a residual mucous prolapse up to the 6th month without other symptoms was found out.Conclusion: THD is an effective and minimally invasive method after which application mild to moderate pain and good patient`s comfort are reported. The relative share of the intra- and postoperative complications is low
Visualization and Cluster Analysis of So-cial Networks
Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of social networks, which are presented by graphs. The paper presents approaches to the modeling of distributions of social networks as well as the algorithms used for finding communities, as well as accounts that have the greater impact on the community
Tactics of treatment of acute left colon cancer obstruction
Back ground: Advanced colorectal cancer is commonly associated with colon obstruction/between 15-20% of patients with colonic cancer/ or/and tumor infiltration to adjacent organs. We set out to study in-hospital morbidity and mortality after operations of acute left colon cancer obstruction.Methods: From 2000 to 2010 the medical records of 204 cases /15.1%/ of acute left colon cancer obstruction were reviewed from total of 1351 patients who were operated from colorectal cancer. Results: The types of operations were a Hartmann procedure in 78 patients /38.2%/, colostomy in 58 patients /29.4%%, a type of colectomy with ileo-coloanastomosis in 54 patients /26.5%/ and a standard resection in 14 patients /6.8%/. The following early complications were occurred: anastomotic leakage in 4 patients, wound infections in 5 patients, dehiscence of operative wound in 2 patients. The in-hospital mortality rate was 11.3%.Conclusions: The emergency management of acute left-sided colonic obstruction remains controversial. The one-stage resection anastomosis which could be subtotal colectomy or segmental resection is useful and the preferred choice for low risk patients. Simple colostomy or Hartmann procedure should be re served for high risk patients. Colonic stenting is the best option either for palliation or as a bridge to surgery
Proximal protective stoma by low anterior resection of the rectum - When? How? How long?
There is an evolution in the diagnostic algorithm of rectal cancer. In this condition preoperative investigations assist in deciding the optimal treatment. The relation of the tumor edge to the circumferential margin (CRM) is an important factor in deciding the need for neoadjuvant treatment and determines the prognosis. Those with threatened or involved margins are offered long course chemoradiation to enable R0 surgical resection. Endoanal ultrasound (EUS) is useful for tumor (T) staging; hence EUS is a useful imaging modality for early rectal cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful for assessing the mesorectum and the mesorectalfascia which has useful prognostic significance and for early identification of local recurrence. Computerized tomography (CT) of the chest, abdomen and pelvis is used to rule out distant metastasis. Identification of the malignant nodes using EUS, CT and MRI is based on the size, morphology and internal characteristics but has drawbacks. Most of the common imaging techniques are suboptimal for imaging following chemoradiation as they struggle to differentiate fibrotic changes and tumor. In this situation, EUS and MRI may provide complementary information to decide further treatment. Functional imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) is useful, particularly PET/CT fusion scans to identify areas of the functionally hotspots. In the current state, imaging has enabled the multidisciplinary team of surgeons, oncologists, radiologists and pathologists to decide on the patient centered management of rectal cancer. Functional imaging may play an active role in identifying patients with lymph node metastasis and those with residual and recurrent disease following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in near future
Van der Waals and Casimir interactions between atoms and carbon nanotubes
The van der Waals and Casimir interactions of a hydrogen atom (molecule) with
a single-walled and a multiwalled carbon nanotubes are compared. It is shown
that the macroscopic concept of graphite dielectric permittivity is already
applicable for nanotubes with only two or three walls. The absorption of
hydrogen atoms by a nanotube at separations below one nanometer is considered.
The lateral force due to exchange repulsion moves the atom to a position above
the cell center, where it is absorbed by the nanotube because the repulsive
force cannot balance the van der Waals attraction.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of QFEXT07, to appear in J. Phys.
Thermal correction to the Casimir force, radiative heat transfer, and an experiment
The low-temperature asymptotic expressions for the Casimir interaction
between two real metals described by Leontovich surface impedance are obtained
in the framework of thermal quantum field theory. It is shown that the Casimir
entropy computed using the impedance of infrared optics vanishes in the limit
of zero temperature. By contrast, the Casimir entropy computed using the
impedance of the Drude model attains at zero temperature a positive value which
depends on the parameters of a system, i.e., the Nernst heat theorem is
violated. Thus, the impedance of infrared optics withstands the thermodynamic
test, whereas the impedance of the Drude model does not. We also perform a
phenomenological analysis of the thermal Casimir force and of the radiative
heat transfer through a vacuum gap between real metal plates. The
characterization of a metal by means of the Leontovich impedance of the Drude
model is shown to be inconsistent with experiment at separations of a few
hundred nanometers. A modification of the impedance of infrared optics is
suggested taking into account relaxation processes. The power of radiative heat
transfer predicted from this impedance is several times less than previous
predictions due to different contributions from the transverse electric
evanescent waves. The physical meaning of low frequencies in the Lifshitz
formula is discussed. It is concluded that new measurements of radiative heat
transfer are required to find out the adequate description of a metal in the
theory of electromagnetic fluctuations.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures. svjour.cls is used, to appear in Eur. Phys. J.
Relative luminosity measurement of the LHC with the ATLAS forward calorimeter
In this paper it is shown that a measurement of the relative luminosity
changes at the LHC may be obtained by analysing the currents drawn from the
high voltage power supplies of the electromagnetic section of the forward
calorimeter of the ATLAS detector. The method was verified with a reproduction
of a small section of the ATLAS forward calorimeter using proton beams of known
beam energies and variable intensities at the U-70 accelerator at IHEP in
Protvino, Russia. The experimental setup and the data taking during a test beam
run in April 2008 are described in detail. A comparison of the measured high
voltage currents with reference measurements from beam intensity monitors shows
a linear dependence on the beam intensity. The non-linearities are measured to
be less than 0.5 % combining statistical and systematic uncertainties.Comment: 16 page
Construction, assembly and testing of the ATLAS hadronic end-cap calorimeter
The construction and assembly of the four wheels of the ATLAS hadronic end-cap calorimeter and their insertion into the two end-cap cryostats are described. The results of the qualification tests prior to installation of the two cryostats in the ATLAS experimental cavern are reviewed
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