735 research outputs found
A Review of Controlling Motivational Strategies from a Self-Determination Theory Perspective: Implications for Sports Coaches
The aim of this paper is to present a preliminary taxonomy of six controlling strategies, primarily based on the parental and educational literatures, which we believe are employed by coaches in sport contexts. Research in the sport and physical education literature has primarily focused on coachesâ autonomysupportive behaviours. Surprisingly, there has been very little research on the use of controlling strategies. A brief overview of the research which delineates each proposed strategy is presented, as are examples of the potential manifestation of the behaviours associated with each strategy in the context of sports coaching. In line with self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985; Ryan & Deci, 2002), we propose that coach behaviours employed to pressure or control athletes have the potential to thwart athletesâ feelings of autonomy, competence,and relatedness, which, in turn, undermine athletesâ self-determined motivation and contribute to the development of controlled motives. When athletes feel pressured to behave in a certain way, a variety of negative consequences are expected to ensue which are to the detriment of the athletesâ well-being. The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness and interest in the darker side of sport participation and to offer suggestions for future research in this area
The price of rapid exit in venture capital-backed IPOs
This paper proposes an explanation for two empirical puzzles surrounding initial public offerings (IPOs). Firstly, it is well documented that IPO underpricing increases during âhot issueâ periods. Secondly, venture capital (VC) backed IPOs are less underpriced than non-venture capital backed IPOs during normal periods of activity, but the reverse is true during hot issue periods: VC backed IPOs are more underpriced than non-VC backed ones. This paper shows that when IPOs are driven by the initial investorâs desire to exit from an existing investment in order to finance a new venture, both the value of the new venture and the value of the existing firm to be sold in the IPO drive the investorâs choice of price and fraction of shares sold in the IPO. When this is the case, the availability of attractive new ventures increases equilibrium underpricing, which is what we observe during hot issue periods. Moreover, I show that underpricing is affected by the severity of the moral hazard problem between an investor and the firmâs manager. In the presence of a moral hazard problem the degree of equilibrium underpricing is more sensitive to changes in the value of the new venture. This can explain why venture capitalists, who often finance firms with more severe moral hazard problems, underprice IPOs less in normal periods, but underprice more strongly during hot issue periods. Further empirical implications relating the fraction of shares sold and the degree of underpricing are presented
When Will Adolescents Tell Someone About Dating Violence Victimization?
This study examined factors that influence help-seeking among a diverse sample of
adolescents who experienced dating violence. A sample of 57 high school students in
an urban community reported on the prevalence and characteristics of dating violence
in their relationships. Someone observing a dating violence incident and a survivorâs
attaching an emotional meaning to the event significantly influenced adolescents to talk
to someone. When dating violence occurred in isolation, survivors were more likely to
receive no support from others in the aftermath of the incident. Differences between
boysâ and girlsâ help-seeking and implications for dating violence intervention and prevention
programming are discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90887/1/Black-Tolman-Callahan-Saunders- Weisz- 2008-When will adolescents tell someone about dating violence VAW.pd
Charm and hidden charm scalar mesons in the nuclear medium
We study the renormalization of the properties of low lying charm and hidden
charm scalar mesons in a nuclear medium, concretely of the D_{s0}(2317) and the
theoretical hidden charm state X(3700). We find that for the D_{s0}(2317), with
negligible width at zero density, the width becomes about 100 MeV at normal
nuclear matter density, while in the case of the X(3700) the width becomes as
large as 200 MeV. We discuss the origin of this new width and trace it to
reactions occurring in the nucleus, while offering a guideline for future
experiments testing these changes. We also show how those medium modifications
will bring valuable information on the nature of the scalar resonances and the
mechanisms of the interaction of D mesons with nucleons and nuclei
Assessing the suitability of a range of benthic indices in the evaluation of environmental impact of fin and shellfish aquaculture located in sites across Europe
The European Union-funded ECASA project (Ecosystem Approach for Sustainable Aquaculture) studied the
impacts from aquaculture on ecosystems from northern Norway to Greece. The objectives of this investigation
were to identify quantitative indicators of the effects of aquaculture on marine communities, and to assess their
applicability over a range of ecosystems and aquaculture production systems. The study included 6 Mediterranean
and 4 Atlantic sites, 7 ofwhich produced finfish (seabream, seabass, tuna, salmon and cod), and 2 bivalve molluscs
(oysters, mussels, and clams); one site produced both fish and bivalves. Cultivation methods included finfish
cages, long-lines and trestles. Similar sampling methodologies were employed at the 10 study sites, obtaining
sediment, hydrodynamic, and benthic faunal data. The horizontal impact from organic enrichment extended 50m
from the farms, with contradictory responses in several indicators (individual abundance, biomass) and a more
consistent response of the Infaunal Trophic Index (ITI) and AZTI'sMarine Biotic Index (AMBI). By means of Partial
Redundancy Analysis, it was demonstrated that the environmental variables explained 53.2% of the variability in
the macrofaunal variables (individual abundance, species richness, diversity, AMBI and ITI), whilst the explained
variance was partialled out within three groups of variables: (i) âhydrographyâ (depth, distance to farm, average
current speed), which explained 11.5% of the variance; (ii) âsedimentâ (Eh and percentages of silt and total organic
matter), which explained 5.4%; and (iii) âcagesâ (years of production and annual production), which explained
15.2%. The shared variance explained by interactions among these groups was 21.1%. These results, together with
multiple regression analysis, provide an accurate assessment of the degree of impact from aquaculture. In
conclusion, the use of several benthic indicators, in assessing farm impacts, together with the investigation of
dynamics of the studied location, water depth, years of farm activity, and total annual production, must be
included when interpreting the response of benthic communities to organic enrichment from aquaculture
Chinese Script vs Plate-Like Precipitation of Beta-Al9Fe2Si2 Phase in an Al-6.5Si-1Fe Alloy
The microstructure of a high-purity Al-6.5Si-1Fe(wt pct) alloy after solidification at various cooling rates was investigated. In most of the cases, the monoclinic
beta-Al9Fe2Si2 phase was observed as long and thin lamellae. However, at a very slow cooling rate, Febearing precipitates with Chinese script morphology appeared together with lamellae. Further analysis showed all these Chinese script precipitates correspond also to the monoclinic beta phase. This finding stresses that differentiating second phases according to their shape may be misleading
The Intentional Use of Service Recovery Strategies to Influence Consumer Emotion, Cognition and Behaviour
Service recovery strategies have been identified as a critical factor in the success of. service organizations. This study develops a conceptual frame work to investigate how specific service recovery strategies influence the emotional, cognitive and negative behavioural responses of . consumers., as well as how emotion and cognition influence negative behavior. Understanding the impact of specific service recovery strategies will allow service providers' to more deliberately and intentionally engage in strategies that result in positive organizational outcomes. This study was conducted using a 2 x 2 between-subjects quasi-experimental design. The results suggest that service recovery has a significant impact on emotion, cognition and negative behavior. Similarly, satisfaction, negative emotion and positive emotion all influence negative behavior but distributive justice has no effect
Technology-Supported Storytelling (TSST) Strategy in Virtual World for Multicultural Education
Learning culture through stories is an effective way for multicultural education, since stories are one of the most powerful and personal ways that we learn about the world. Storytelling, the process of telling stories, is a form of communication and a universal expression of culture. With the development of technology, storytelling emerges out of diverse ways. This study explores the storytelling in virtual worlds for multicultural education, and devises a Technology-Supported storytelling (TSST) strategy by examining and considering the characteristics of virtual worlds which could be incorporated into the storytelling, and then uses this strategy to teach Korean culture to students with different culture background. With this innovative TSST strategy in virtual world, this study expects to provide a guide to practice for teaching multicultural in digital era
A study of charged kappa in
Based on events collected by BESII, the decay
is studied. In the invariant mass
spectrum recoiling against the charged , the charged
particle is found as a low mass enhancement. If a Breit-Wigner function of
constant width is used to parameterize the kappa, its pole locates at MeV/. Also in this channel,
the decay is observed for the first time.
Its branching ratio is .Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure
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