Vertical mineralization interval and forecast of the position of an ore-body in the Alšar Sb-As-Tl deposit, FYR Macedonia

Establishing a vertical interval of mineralization is a complex geological task based on the knowledge of many parameters and quantities that describe the genesis of an ore deposit. It is particularly important to know the time and the primary depth of the formation of an ore-body and its recent position. The establishment of the vertical mineralization interval is considered in this work on the example of the Alšar Sb-As-Tl mineral deposit. The research methods used were geomorphological analysis (the principal exploration method), measurement of cosmogenic radioactive (10Be, 26Al) and stable (3He, 21Ne) nuclides to determine the erosion velocity (control method) and comparison of the obtained results with the geological exploration data from operative mine workings. A detailed geological study of the formation of the Alšar deposit preceded the research. The research data are the following: depth interval of the ore-body is 10-50 m below the present ground surface; average level of erosion in the Alšar deposit area is 20-80 m over a period of 106 years (Ma), or about 100-400 m from the beginning of the volcanic activity to the present day (≈5 Ma); thickness of the eroded rock complex over the ore bodies from the beginning of the hydrothermal alteration and the formation of ore bodies (4.31 Ma) to the present is ≥150 m (Crven dol), or ≥230 m (central deposit); the palaeointerval of the formation of the ore-body is 230 m (200-430 m); and, finally, the potentially mineralized interval is deep, from 10 m to 280 m below the surface

Factor analysis applied to distinguish influences of parent material, mining industry and agriculture on the groundwater in the Strumica valley, Macedonia

Determination of the groundwater chemistry in Strumica valley was essential since the widespread use of it in the irrigation of agricultural production.  For this purpose were collected 224 water samples from boreholes. The groundwater chemical composition was determinated on the selected analytes: As, Sr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ba, Pb, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, Li, Cr, Fe, U, CaCO3, Cl-, NO3-, NH4+, SO42- and PO43-. The source and internal correlations of the analytes were set out by performing multivariate statistical analyses (factor analyses). Factor analyses yielded 7 factors and the geochemical maps of the obtained factors were generated using kriging method. The groundwater chemistry was predominantly controlled by geologic background and some anthropogenic influence due to agriculture and mining to the concentrations and spatial distribution of arsenic, phosphates, sulphates, nitrates and some metals (copper, iron, chromium, lead, nickel, zinc). Mining of copper/gold (molybdenum) in area of Ilovica increased concentration of analytes Al, Cu, Pb, Cr, NO3-, Ni, Zn, Na, K, Li and PO43-  in groundwater but only at a local level.</p

Metamorphism of the Skarn Rocks from the Sasa Ore Field

The aim of this paper is to define the metamorphism of the skarn rocks from the Sasa ore filed. Inthese rocks ilvaite, rhodonite, bustamite, johansenite-ferrojohansenite, andradite, actinolite-ferroactinolite and epidotewere determined. On the base of the presence minerals associations in studied rocks were determinated three facies:albite-epidote-hornfels facies; hornblende-hornfels facies; K-feldspate-cordierite-hornfels facies. The rocks studiedare formed in temperature condition T 400–800oC and preassure P 1.5–2 kbar

RADON AND RADIUM CONCENTRATION IN SELF-BOTTLED MINERAL SPRING WATER FROM THE PUBLIC FOUNTAIN “ELIXIR” AT THE MOKLIŠTE AREA, REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA

Within this paper is presented information about current study of radon and radium analysis in self-bottled drinking water from the public water fountain “Elixir” in the Moklište area, city of Kavadarci. Obtained results for the radon in water measurements, for the preventive method taken samples, ranged from 3.40 up to 3.69 Bq·l–1, while values for the typical method taken samples ranged from 2.60 up to 3.62 Bq·l–1. Radon concentration measured from samples obtained in typical way showed lower than the corresponding values obtained using the preventive sampling method, where comparison of respective samples P1-T1, P2-T2 and P3-T3 have shown lower values of 1.09 %, 17.62 % and 23.53 % for typical method. Obtained results for the radium in water, for the preventive method taken samples, ranged from 0.08 up to 0.19 Bq·l–1 while values for the typical method taken samples ranged from 0.11 up to 0.14 Bq·l -1. Radium concentration measured from samples obtained in typical way showed lower than the corresponding values obtained using the preventive sampling method, where comparison of respective samples P1- T1, P2-T2 and P3-T3 have shown differences in respective values of of 8.33 %, 42.11 % and 42.86 % for typical method. The committed effective dose for the population consuming the self-bottled water from the Moklište public drinking water fountain of the region was estimated using the concentration of 222Rn and 226Ra in water samples, which ranges from 21.09 to 33.43 Sv y–1 for preventive method and from 22.79 to 26.01 Sv y–1 for traditional method

Geochemical properties of lead-zinc slag landfill from MHK Zletovo in Veles, North Macedonia

"Regional innovation scheme for zero waste extraction of critical raw materials" (RIS-RECOVER)project, was implemented within the framework of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) to evaluate and select the most promising technologies for mineral and metallurgical extraction of elements from metallurgicalslag in the Republic of North Macedonia. This project focused on metallurgical slag from the former Pb-Zn smeltingplant "MHK Zletovo", which was disposed of in the vicinity of Veles. Samples of waste material were obtained out bydrilling through the slag deposit at eight locations and collecting samples at 2 m intervals. Using inductively coupledplasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) 60 chemical elements were analyzed. It was found that the slag deposit isheterogeneous. The most abundant metals of interest for further extraction were Zn and Pb, followed by Cd, Ag, Auand In. However, the following metals were also present in economical quantities: As, Be, Bi, Cu, Fe, Mn, Nb, Pd, Sb,Se, Sn, Te and Tl, along with rare earth elements. The average Zn content was 9.6% (between 5.6 and 14%), and thetotal amount of about 120,000 t indicates a viable economic benefit in the recovery of metals from this landfil

Mineralogical investigation of the Old Episcopal Basilica in the archeological locality of Stobi

In these paper are presented the mineralogical characteristics of the mosaics that decorate thecentral nave of the Episcopal Basilica in the ancient city of Stobi. Investigation was carried by XRD-Shimadzu 6100.Based on the obtained results was concluded that it was built with samples of calcite marble, dolomite marble, sandstone,aleurolite and serpentinite. With these researches it is confirmed that the used in moulding decoration in theOld Episcopal Basilica in Stobi takes origin from Macedonia

Hydrochemical data for the ground waters in the Bitola’s part of the Pelagonia valley, Republic of Macedonia

For determination of some hydrochemical data in the ground waters of the Bitola part of thePelagonia valley, are taken single samples from 19 wells. Specified values for pH indicate that the waters belong tothe group of slightly alkaline ground water (pH = 7.2 – 8.9). Following to the classification of Alekin the majority oftested water according the content of the anion fall into hydrocarbonate class, calcite group and a smaller number inthe chloride and sulfate class, sodium and magnesium group. Increased values of TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-,Cl– and NH4+ occurs in the ground water from deeper artesian and subartesian wells, as a result of the longer retentiontime of water in the underground and its interaction with the geological environment. Ground water from the shallowwells occurs the increasing content of PO43– and NO3– which indicates water pollution from fertilization of the cultivatedareas, livestock farms as well as communal waste water. Knowing the hydrochemical feature of the ground waterfrom the research area is from particular importance, because the water from these wells 5s used by the inhabitantsof the region as industrial water, water for irrigation, packaging of mineral water and the exploitation of CO2

RADON AND RADIUM CONCENTRATION IN WATER FROM PUBLIC FOUNTAINS AT THE CENTRAL PARTS OF THE KRATOVO-ZLETOVO VOLCANIC AREA, REPUBLIC NORTH MACEDONIA

The paper presents information about our latest study of radon and radium in drinking water from the public water fountains situated in central parts of the Kratovo-Zletovo volcanic area. Results for the radon in water measurements were as follows: Fountain 1 to Fountain 4 samples, ranged from 6.63 up to 157.73 Bq L-1. Obtained results for the radium in water, Fountain 1 to Fountain 4 samples, ranged from 0.20 up to 1.08 Bq L-1. Both, radon and radium measurements, in water samples from certain fountains have shown significantly higher values than the strictest standards given by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and World Health Organization (WHO), respectively. The committed effective doses for the population consuming the water directly from the fountains or as self-bottled waters from the Kratovo-Zletovo volcanic area were estimated using the concentration of 222Rn and 226Ra in water samples, ranged from 45.47 mSv y-1 to 709.36 mSv y-1, which once again for some fountains were higher than the WHO recommended values of max. 100 mSv y-1

Analysis of specific radionuclides activity variations in soil within geotectonic units of Republic of North Macedonia

To establish baseline values for concentrations of terrestrial radionuclides for the Republic of North Macedonia, a survey covering the entire territory was performed. The 213 soil samples were collected from regions around the major settlements and cities, approximately evenly distributed over the geotectonic units which constitute the country's geological foundation. The specific activities of radionuclides were measured by gamma spectrometry. The following geometric mean values and geometric standard deviations were obtained: 550 Bqkg(-1) (1.47) for K-40, (37) Bqkg(-1) (1.33) for Ra-226, 38 Bqkg(-1) for U-238, and 38 Bqkg(-1) (1.53) for Th-232 in dry soil. The relation between specific activities of natural radionuclides and geology was investigated. Correlation between radionuclides, which may serve as additional geochemical indicators, and geology could not be found convincingly,. Mutual correlations between Ra-226, U-238, and Th-232 activities were found to be high (Spearman rho about 0.8), whereas the ones between these and K-40 are a bit lower, somewhat above rho = 0.6

Factors affecting indoor radon variations: A case study in schools of eastern macedonia

The subject of this study is the radon concentrations variations, measured with a nuclear track detectors in a total of 58 premises in all 29 primary schools of 4 municipalities in the Eastern part of the Republic of Macedonia. Despite a relatively small territory, the variability of radon concentrations proved to be significant. The geometric means (geometric standard deviations) of radon concentrations in the examined municipalities were in the range from GM = 71 Bq/m 3 (GSD = 2.08) to GM = 162 Bq/m 3 (GSD = 2.69), while for the entire region it was: GM = 96 Bq/m 3 (GSD = 2.47). The influence of the geographical and geological features of the school site as well as the building characteristics on the radon variations were investigated. The analysis showed that type of municipality, building materials, basement and geology have significant effects and respectively describe 6%, 16%, 22%, 39% of the radon total variability