Ungdom og deltakelse i psykisk helsefremmende arbeid

acceptedVersio

An observational study of pain-related behaviour in hospitalised cattle

Formålet med denne oppgaven er å kartlegge smertetegn hos storfe innlagt på produksjonsdyrklinikken ved Institutt for produksjonsdyrmedisin. Vi ønsker at funnene våre skal kunne fungere som diskusjonsgrunnlag for å bidra til bedre smerteevaluering av pasienter, og å utvikle bredere forståelse om muligheten innen dyrevelferd. Vi startet med en litteraturstudie som ga oss en retning for vår egen observasjonsstudie. Vi valgte fem artikler som alle kartla og analyserte en del parametere for smerteuttrykk og smerteatferd. Med utgangspunkt i utvalgte parametere fra studiene og annen faglitteratur filmet vi ni dyr i totalt 2564 minutter, syke og friske. Smertetegnene krum rygg, ansiktsmimikk og interaksjon med folk var de parameterne som vi fant gode ved observasjon. Som trender fant vi at tiden benyttet til drøvtygging og å ligge gir viktig informasjon, mens drikke- og eteatferd bør sees mer på. Smertetegn som vi har forkastet som parametere fram til det foreligger mer data er øreposisjoner, hodets posisjoner og interaksjon med miljø. Ut ifra det vi selv har observert under studien vår og det litteraturen sier, anbefaler vi bruk av videokamera for å kunne gjøre en uforstyrret smerteevaluering. Samt legge mer til rette for å gi dyrene flere positive opplevelser under opphold for å styrke velferden.B-DY

Local use of rock materials – production and utilization State-of-the-art

During excavation of tunnels, large amounts of rock material are produced. This excavated rock material is utilized to a varying extent for road-, railway- and concrete purposes, but significant amounts are used as deposits on land, in fjords or lakes. For both economic and environmental reasons there is a great potential in increasing the utilization of excavated rock material locally in the same project or in neighboring projects. Initially, this report presents a brief introduction to the geology in Norway and some comparable European countries. This may give an indication which main rock type to expect in different areas during tunnelling. Further, the development within the main directions of tunnelling is discussed. Also, an overview of equipment and crushing technology is given. The boundaries of this report are excavated material used in asphalt, concrete, road construction and railway construction. For each area of utilization, a presentation of the currenttechnical requirements for various uses of the material in Norway is given. Examples of projects where excavated material is utilized are presented. Finally, possibilities and obstacles when it comes to utilizing excavated rock material are discussed, and further work is proposed.publishedVersio

Purchase of ultra-processed foods in Norway: a repeated cross-sectional analysis of food sales in 2013 and 2019

Abstract Objective: A dietary pattern dominated by ultra-processed foods has been associated with non-communicable diseases in several studies. A previous study from 2013 found a high share of ultra-processed foods in Norwegian food sales. This study aimed to investigate the current share of ultra-processed foods in Norway and the development in expenditure on ultra-processed foods from 2013. Design: A repeated cross-sectional analysis of scanner data from the Consumer Price Index from September 2013 and 2019 and an investigation of the processing degree according to the NOVA classification system. Setting: Food sales in Norway. Participants: Norwegian grocery stores (n 180, for both time periods). Results: The share of expenditure in 2019 was highest for ultra-processed foods (46·5 %) and minimally or unprocessed foods (36·3 %), followed by processed foods (8·5 %) and processed culinary ingredients (1·3 %). An increasing degree of processing was found for several of the food groups between 2013 and 2019; however, most effect sizes were weak. In 2019, soft drinks became the most frequently purchased food item, surpassing milk and cheese, with the highest expenditure in Norwegian grocery stores. Increases in expenditure on ultra-processed foods were mainly due to increased expenditures on soft drinks, sweets and potato products. Conclusions: A high share of expenditure on ultra-processed food was found in Norway, which may imply a high consumption of these foods. The change in expenditure of NOVA groups between 2013 and 2019 was small. Carbonated and non-carbonated soft drinks were the most frequently purchased products in Norwegian grocery stores and contributed to most of the expenditures

Betydningen av barnets beste ved utvisning av foreldre.

Avhandlingen tar sikte på å vurdere om norske domstoler vektlegger hensynet til barnets beste i samsvar med EMDs praksis etter EMK art. 8 i utvisningssaker, der den utvistes barn er norsk statsborger uten tilknytning til den utvistes opprinnelsesland. Avhandlingens problemstilling besvares gjennom en komparativ analyse av praksis fra henholdsvis EMD og norske domstoler

Numerical modelling of field test for crack risk assessment of early age concrete containing fly ash

The high-strength/high-performance concretes are prone to cracking at early age due to low water/binder ratio. The replacement of cement with mineral additives such as fly ash and blast-furnace slag reduces the hydration heat during the hardening phase, but at the same time, it has significant influence on the development of mechanic and viscoelastic properties of early age concrete. Its potential benefit to minimize the cracking risk was investigated through a filed experiment carried out by the Norwegian Directorate of Roads. The temperature development and strain development of the early age concrete with/without the fly ash were measured for a “double-wall” structure. Based on experimental data and well-documented material models which were verified by calibration of restraint stress development in TSTM test, thermal-structural analysis was performed by finite element program DIANA to assess the cracking risk for concrete structures during hardening. The calculated and measured temperature and strain in the structure had good agreement, and the analysis results showed that mineral additives such as flay ash are beneficial in reducing cracking risk for young concrete. Furthermore, parameter studies were performed to investigate the influence of the two major factors: creep and volume change (autogenous shrinkage and thermal dilation) during hardening, on the stress development in the structure.The financial contribution of the Norwegian Research Council is gratefully acknowledged. ,e NOR-CRACK partners were the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (project leader), Skanska Norge ASA, Elkem ASA Materials, Norcem AS, Fesil ASA, and the Norwegian Public Roads Administration.publishedVersio

Energy absorption capacity for fibre reinforced sprayed concrete. Influence of friction in round panel tests with different support and bedding conditions (Series 7)

The test program is part of the on-going revision of The Norwegian Associations publication no. 7 (Sprayed concrete for rock support), which among others is to be harmonized with the new European regulations for determination of energy absorption capacity of fiber reinforced sprayed concrete. The present test program involves round panels and is a study on different support- and bedding conditions and their effect on friction in panel tests. A new modified support ring of steel was made specifically for the present tests. The motive was to give the support a more optimal design as a separate measure to reduce friction between the panel and the support. The tests make use of two support rings, the new modified steel support ring and, for comparison, the traditional wooden support ring. Totally five different support/bedding conditions were tested on 600 mm round, nominally identical, panels. The displacement rate in the tests was 3 mm/min. Among the four individual test sets consisting of three or four panels the results show that the average coefficient of variation for the energy uptake between zero and 25 mm displacement was 8.8%. The variable support- and bedding conditions had a great influence on the apparent energy uptake from the panel test. The overall energy uptake from the tests with wooden support confirms earlier results in the way that the accumulated friction effect is very high (here: 42% friction). The friction from the steel support was a bit lower, but still substantial (35%). Bedding of one layer of Teflon on steel support reduced the friction effect (18%) and bedding with two layers reduced it further (6%), but the latter result is uncertain as this set contains only one panel due to some logging error. Bedding of two PVC-membranes+grease is used as reference - it is assumed that there is no friction for this support condition. Increasing friction appears to represent a reinforcing effect which generates a local strain-hardening behaviour in the panel around the contact-zone with the support. This is seen as local multiple cracking in this zone. The Teflon suffered significant wearing during testing and had to be renewed in each test. A drawback with Teflon is that it makes the testing procedure more cumbersome as it gives extra work during the preparation of each test; more work naturally for two layers than for one layer. The bedding with PVC-membranes+grease has shown very effective to reduce/eliminate friction and is a good reference, but it is very laborious and can hardly be used in a standard procedure. The trend is that friction also influences the maximum load during the test as well as the residual load at the end of the test; the effect is most evident for the latter. The new rounded steel support did not give lower friction than earlier tests that used a steel support with a sharp inner edge