Análise dos referenciais teóricos da área de CTS no Ensino de Ciências a partir das Teses brasileiras

A humanização da Ciência e Tecnologia está presente nas pesquisas no Ensino de Ciências (EC). Nessa visão, uma área de destaque é a dos Estudos em Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade. Devido ao seu caráter heterogêneo, entendê-lo se torna uma necessidade para o aprofundamento dos estudos. Dessa forma, este trabalho buscou todas as Teses brasileiras na área de Ensino de Ciências, entre 1993 e 2015, para analisar seus referenciais teóricos, determinando as obras mais referenciadas e os autores mais citados. Esse trabalho está associado às pesquisas do Grupo CTS e Educação do CEFET/RJ, nas quais a área é vista como uma rede interligada por seus atores

As atividades científicas e a não neutralidade da ciência: o julgamento da geração espontânea

Este trabalho apresenta um breve estudo acerca das possíveis relações que permearam as atividades científicas de Louis Pasteur e Félix Pouchet no caso da geração espontânea, com foco nas questões que envolvem a não neutralidade da ciência. As reflexões que aqui são apresentadas baseiam-se nas premissas da construção social da ciência e numa visão externalista desta. Ambos auxiliaram para a análise de como funcionam as relações entre a não neutralidade da ciência, os mitos, as visões deformadas da ciência e o impacto destes nos indivíduos envolvidos em atividades científicas

Coletivo Sycorax: desdobramentos de práticas feministas de tradução

The Brazilian translation collective, Coletivo Sycorax, was founded in 2016, aimed at collectively translating feminist and anti-capitalist books, while promoting the circulation of translated works under open licenses and the distribution of physical copies for free. For the Coletivo, translation encompasses both the action of introducing selected works into Brazilian Portuguese, in a way that “approximates” or “makes them seem closer” to our current context, in addition to promoting workshops and other activities based on our translations. This text has four sections and reports on projects, which have emphasized cooperation and network-building that are at the core of collective translation. The first section addresses the translation into Brazilian Portuguese of Caliban and the Witch (2004) and Revolution at Point Zero (2012), both by Silvia Federici. The second reports on the experience of translating Re-enchanting the World (2018), also by Silvia Federici, with twenty other feminist translators in 2020, during the Covid-19 pandemic. The third section addresses the translation of Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale (1986), by Maria Mies, in 2021; a project which represented an additional step toward directly negotiating royalties and translation rights to ensure open access to the translation. Finally, section four reports on the most recent project: an anthology of Latin American women and feminisms, in cooperation with Revista Amazonas and Ema Livros. Therefore, we aim to show how a number of feminist practices have unfolded from translation practice, which in turn has shifted from a collective translation practice to a commoning one.El Colectivo Sycorax se formó en 2016 con el objetivo de promover la traducción colectiva de libros feministas y anticapitalistas compartiendo las publicaciones a través de licencias abiertas y distribución de copias físicas. Para el Colectivo, la traducción engloba las acciones de acercar las obras al portugués, en el sentido de “avecindar” o “ hacer con que parezca más cercano”, y de realizar talleres y otras actividades con los textos traducidos. Este relato presenta algunos de los proyectos del Colectivo con énfasis en las alianzas y redes que componen la práctica de traducción colectiva. En la primera parte, presentamos la traducción al portugués brasileño de los libros Caliban and the Witch (2004) y Revolution at Point Zero (2012), ambos de Silvia Federici. La segunda parte relata la traducción de la obra Re-enchanting the World (2018), también de Silvia Federici, que se realizó en 2020 gracias al trabajo de otras veinte traductoras durante la pandemia de la Covid-19. La traducción de Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale (1986), de Maria Mies, en 2021, representó un paso adelante en la negociación de los derechos de autor para garantizar el acceso abierto a las obras, tema de la tercera parte del relato. Actualmente, el Colectivo se dedica a la organización de una antología de aportes de mujeres y feminismos latinoamericanos, que se presenta en la cuarta parte, en alianza con la Revista Amazonas y Ema Livros. Constituimos así, por medio de la traducción, desarrollos de prácticas feministas: desde la propuesta de traducción colectiva hasta la concepción de la traducción comunizadora.O Coletivo Sycorax se formou em 2016 e tem a finalidade de promover a tradução coletiva de livros feministas e anticapitalistas, compartilhando as publicações por meio de licenças abertas e distribuição de exemplares físicos. Para o Coletivo, a tradução abarca tanto a ação de aproximar as obras do português, no sentido de “avizinhar” ou de “fazer parecer mais próximo” quanto a de realizar oficinas e outras atividades com os textos traduzidos. Este relato, dividido em quatro partes, apresenta alguns dos projetos do Coletivo, com ênfase nas parcerias e redes que configuram o exercício de tradução coletiva. Na primeira parte, apresentamos a tradução para o português brasileiro dos livros Caliban and the Witch (2004) e Revolution at Point Zero (2012), ambos de Silvia Federici. A segunda parte relata a tradução da obra Re-enchanting the World (2018), também de Silvia Federici, a qual ganhou corpo em 2020 por meio do trabalho de outras vinte tradutoras durante a pandemia de Covid-19. A tradução de Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale (1986), de Maria Mies, em 2021, representou um passo à frente na negociação de direitos autorais para garantir o acesso aberto às obras, como expomos na terceira parte deste relato. Atualmente, o Coletivo se dedica à organização de uma antologia de contribuições de mulheres e feminismos latino-americanos, apresentada na quarta parte, em parceria com a Revista Amazonas e a Ema Livros. Constituímos assim, por meio da tradução, desdobramentos de práticas feministas: da proposta de tradução coletiva para a concepção de tradução comunizante

Epigenetic control of the ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase 1 in renal cell carcinoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1) gene involved in the regulation of cellular ubiquitin levels plays an important role in different cellular processes including cell growth and differentiation. Aberrant expression of UCHL1 has been found in a number of human solid tumors including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In RCC, UCHL1 overexpression is associated with tumor progression and an altered von Hippel Lindau gene expression.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To determine the underlying mechanisms for the heterogeneous UCHL1 expression pattern in RCC the UCHL1 promoter DNA methylation status was determined in 17 RCC cell lines as well as in 32 RCC lesions and corresponding tumor adjacent kidney epithelium using combined bisulfite restriction analysis as well as bisulfite DNA sequencing.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>UCHL1 expression was found in all 32 tumor adjacent kidney epithelium samples. However, the lack of or reduced UCHL1 mRNA and/or protein expression was detected in 13/32 RCC biopsies and 7/17 RCC cell lines and due to either a total or partial methylation of the UCHL1 promoter DNA. Upon 2'-deoxy-5-azacytidine treatment an induction of UCHL1 mRNA and protein expression was found in 9/17 RCC cell lines, which was linked to the demethylation degree of the UCHL1 promoter DNA.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Promoter hypermethylation represents a mechanism for the silencing of the UCHL1 gene expression in RCC and supports the concept of an epigenetic control for the expression of UCHL1 during disease progression.</p

Quantitative Methylation Profiles for Multiple Tumor Suppressor Gene Promoters in Salivary Gland Tumors

Methylation profiling of tumor suppressor gene (TSGs) promoters is quickly becoming a powerful diagnostic tool for the early detection, prognosis, and even prediction of clinical response to treatment. Few studies address this in salivary gland tumors (SGTs); hence the promoter methylation profile of various TSGs was quantitatively assessed in primary SGT tissue to determine if tumor-specific alterations could be detected.DNA isolated from 78 tumor and 17 normal parotid gland specimens was assayed for promoter methylation status of 19 TSGs by fluorescence-based, quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP). The data were utilized in a binary fashion as well as quantitatively (using a methylation quotient) allowing for better profiling and interpretation of results..Screening promoter methylation profiles in SGTs showed considerable heterogeneity. The methylation status of certain markers was surprisingly high in even normal salivary tissue, confirming the need for such controls. Several TSGs were found to be associated with malignant SGTs, especially SDC. Further study is needed to evaluate the potential use of these associations in the detection, prognosis, and therapeutic outcome of these rare tumors

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

The last dinosaurs of Brazil: The Bauru Group and its implications for the end-Cretaceous mass extinction

ABSTRACT The non-avian dinosaurs died out at the end of the Cretaceous, ~66 million years ago, after an asteroid impact. The prevailing hypothesis is that the effects of the impact suddenly killed the dinosaurs, but the poor fossil record of latest Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) dinosaurs from outside Laurasia (and even more particularly, North America) makes it difficult to test specific extinction scenarios. Over the past few decades, a wealth of new discoveries from the Bauru Group of Brazil has revealed a unique window into the evolution of terminal Cretaceous dinosaurs from the southern continents. We review this record and demonstrate that there was a diversity of dinosaurs, of varying body sizes, diets, and ecological roles, that survived to the very end of the Cretaceous (Maastrichtian: 72-66 million years ago) in Brazil, including a core fauna of titanosaurian sauropods and abelisaurid and carcharodontosaurid theropods, along with a variety of small-to-mid-sized theropods. We argue that this pattern best fits the hypothesis that southern dinosaurs, like their northern counterparts, were still diversifying and occupying prominent roles in their ecosystems before the asteroid suddenly caused their extinction. However, this hypothesis remains to be tested with more refined paleontological and geochronological data, and we give suggestions for future work

Conjurando traduções: a tradução coletiva de Caliban and the Witch ao português brasileiro como estratégia feminista transnacional

This article aims to discuss the process of collective translation of the book Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body and Primitive Accumulation (2004), written by Silvia Federici, and translated by the Collective Sycorax to Brazilian Portuguese, in 2017, as Calibã e a bruxa: mulheres, corpo e acumulação primitiva. The discussion seeks to highlight textual and paratextual decisions of this translation from the focus of transnational feminist translatology. The aim is to demonstrate that collective translation among women from the Global South can be thought of as a transnational feminist political project, which involves since choosing the work to be translated, through the experience with the text and paratexts, to the incidence on counter-hegemonics editorial processes and in the forms of the work’s circulation in the North-South and South-South axes.L’article vise à discuter le processus de traduction collective du livre Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body and Primitive Accumulation, de 2004, écrit par Silvia Federici et traduit par le Collectif Sycorax en portugais brésilien, en 2017, sous le titre Calibã e a bruxa: mulheres, corpo e acumulação primitiva. La discussion cherche à mettre en évidence les décisions textuelles et paratextuelles de cette traduction du point de vue de la traductologie feministe transnationale. L’objectif est de démontrer que la traduction collective faite par les femmes du Sud global peut être considérée comme un projet politique féministe transnational, ce qui va du choix de l’œuvre à traduire, en passant par l’expérience avec le texte et les paratextes, jusqu’à l’incidence sur les processus éditoriaux contre-hégémoniques et les formes de circulation de l’œuvre dans les axes Nord-Sud et Sud-Sud. O artigo tem como objetivo discutir o processo da tradução coletiva do livro Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body and Primitive Accumulation escrito por Silvia Federici (2004), e traduzido pelo Coletivo Sycorax ao português brasileiro como Calibã e a bruxa: mulheres, corpo e acumulação primitiva (2017). A discussão busca evidenciar decisões textuais e paratextuais desta tradução, a partir do enfoque da tradutologia feminista transnacional. Procura-se demonstrar que a tradução coletiva entre mulheres do Sul Global pode ser pensada como um projeto político feminista transnacional, o que envolve desde a escolha da obra a ser traduzida, passando pela experiência com o texto e paratextos, até a incidência em processos editoriais contra hegemônicos e as formas de circulação da obra nos eixos Norte-Sul e Sul-Sul.El artículo tiene como objetivo discutir el proceso de traducción colectiva del libro Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body and Primitive Accumulation (2004), escrito por Silvia Federici y traducido por el Colectivo Sycorax al portugués brasileño en 2017 como Calibã e a bruxa: mulheres, corpo e acumulação primitiva. La discusión busca resaltar las decisiones textuales y paratextuales de esta traducción desde el enfoque de la traductología feminista transnacional. El objetivo es demostrar que la traducción colectiva entre las mujeres del Sur Global puede considerarse como un proyecto político feminista transnacional, que va desde la elección de la obra a traducir, pasa por la experiencia con el texto y los paratextos, hasta la incidencia en los procesos editoriales contra-hegemónicos y en las formas de circulación de la obra en los ejes Norte-Sur y Sur-Sur

Dysbiosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathogenic Role and Potential Therapeutic Targets

Microbe&ndash;host communication is essential to maintain vital functions of a healthy host, and its disruption has been associated with several diseases, including Crohn&rsquo;s disease and ulcerative colitis, the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although individual members of the intestinal microbiota have been associated with experimental IBD, identifying microorganisms that affect disease susceptibility and phenotypes in humans remains a considerable challenge. Currently, the lack of a definition between what is healthy and what is a dysbiotic gut microbiome limits research. Nevertheless, although clear proof-of-concept of causality is still lacking, there is an increasingly evident need to understand the microbial basis of IBD at the microbial strain, genomic, epigenomic, and functional levels and in specific clinical contexts. Recent information on the role of diet and novel environmental risk factors affecting the gut microbiome has direct implications for the immune response that impacts the development of IBD. The complexity of IBD pathogenesis, involving multiple distinct elements, suggests the need for an integrative approach, likely utilizing computational modeling of molecular datasets to identify more specific therapeutic targets