A Study on the Mainstream’s Gaze in the Works from Margin

The imagery of ‘eyeing’,’ gazing’ and ‘re-visioning’ recurrently occur in the works of the writers who belong to the marginalized (in terms of race, sex, and class) communities. They examine their images in American literature and society as well and feel to re-construct identy that has so far been constructed in the ‘gaze’ of the mainstream. Their essential selves have been castrated and essentialized within some stereotypes by the racist and phallocentric culture. So, after a long period of subjugation, they look back afresh with a view to gain sovereignty over their own sense of identity. This paper seeks to study those marginalized writers’ view over the gazing proceess of the dominant groups. To persue the study I have concentrated upon some works by the writers who belong to the marginalized communities in America. These are the novels, The Native Son (1940) by Richard Wright and The Bluest Eye (1970) by Tony Morrison, and some poems of Adrienne Rich. In their writings, each writer has explored the functioning of the mechanism of ‘gaze’ leading to the internalization of the hegemonic ideology and inferiority. Thus, they dismantle the dominant ‘gaze’ and reconstruct identity in a fictional world which result in en-visioning  a new world to come. Keywords: Gaze, Revision and Reconstruction of Identity, Mainstream, Marginalized in terms of Race and Sex, Ideology

Correlation of Structural and Magnetic Properties of RFeO3 (R=Dy, Lu)

In orthoferrites the rare-earth (R) ion has a big impact on structural and magnetic properties in particular the ionic size influences the octahedral tilt and the R3+- Fe3+ interaction modifies properties like the spin reorientation. Growth induced strain in thin films is another means to modify materials properties since the sign of strain affects the bond length and therefore directly the orbital interaction. Our study focuses on epitaxially grown (010) oriented DyFeO3 and LuFeO3 thin films, thereby investigating the impact of compressive lattice strain on the magnetically active Dy3+ and magnetically inactive Lu3+ compared to uniaxially strained single crystal DyFeO3. The DyFeO3 films exhibits a shift of more than 20K in spin-reorientation temperatures, maintain the antiferromagnetic {\Gamma}4 phase of the Fe-lattice below the spin reorientation, and show double step hysteresis loops for both in-plane directions between 5 K and 390 K. This is the signature of an Fe-spin induced ferromagnetic Dy3+ lattice above the N\'eel temperature of the Dy. The observed shift in the film spin reorientation temperatures vs lattice strain is in good agreement with isostatic single crystal neutron diffraction experiments with a rate of 2 K/ kbar bar.Comment: 18 pages, 5 Figure

Correlation of structural and magnetic properties of RFeO3_3 (R= Dy, Lu)

In orthoferrites the rare-earth (R) ion has a big impact on structural and magnetic properties; in particular, the ionic size influences the octahedral tilt and the R$^{3+}$-Fe$^{3+}$ interaction modifies properties like the spin reorientation. Growth-induced strain in thin films is another means to modify materials properties since the sign of strain affects the bond length and therefore directly the orbital interaction. Our study focuses on epitaxially grown (010)-oriented DyFeO$_{3}$and LuFeO$_{3}$thin films, thereby investigating the impact of compressive lattice strain on the magnetically active Dy$^{3+}$ and magnetically inactive Lu$^{3+}$ compared to uniaxially strained single-crystal DyFeO$^{3+}$ . The DyFeO$_{3}$ films exhibits a shift of more than 20 K in spin-reorientation temperatures, maintain the antiferromagnetic $\Gamma$$_4$ phase of the Fe lattice below the spin reorientation, and show double-step hysteresis loops for both in-plane directions between 5 and 390 K. This is the signature of an Fe-spin-induced ferromagnetic Dy$^{3+}$ lattice above the Néel temperature of the Dy. The observed shift in the film spin reorientation temperatures vs lattice strain is in good agreement with isostatic single-crystal neutron diffraction experiments with a rate of 2 K/kbar

Oroonoko: A “Royal Slave” and/or a Master of Dignity

This paper involves a study on Aphra Ben’s Oroonoko (1688) which is considered by many as the first black narrative of English literature, an abolitionist text, while observed by some others as extremely colonialist. The objective of this study is to examine why the novella accommodates such contradictory readings. It assumes that it is the “scriptiblity” of the text that enables it encompassing heterogeneous meanings which should not be reduced to any privileged interpretation. It holds that Oroonoko is interwoven with multiple codes which serve as different socio-cultural agents proliferating variety of meanings often disseminating one another. In order to explore those intervening meanings, this study applies Barthesian codes for reading narratives. Then, drawing upon deconstructionist approach, it surmises neither the text nor its protagonist, Oroonoko, should be categorized into any absolute category. On the contrary, it asserts Oroonoko informs the postmodernist/plural concept of ‘being’, embracing a variety of identities from the “royal slave” to the ‘master of dignity’.Keywords: Oroonoko, Aphra Ben, Royal Slave, Master of Dignity, Scriptibility, Barthesian Code

Robust In-Plane Ferroelectricity in Ultrathin Epitaxial Aurivillius Films

ISSN:2196-735

Enhanced Drug Carriage Efficiency of Curcumin-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles in Combating Diabetic Nephropathy via Mitigation of Renal Apoptosis

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major complications of chronic hyperglycaemia affecting normal kidney functioning. The ayurvedic medicine curcumin (CUR) is pharmaceutically accepted for its vast biological effects.Objectives: The Curcuma-derived diferuloylmethane compound CUR, loaded on Poly (lactide-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles was utilized to combat DN-induced renal apoptosis by selectively targeting and modulating Bcl2.Methods: Upon in silico molecular docking and screening study CUR was selected as the core phytocompound for nanoparticle formulation. PLGA-nano-encapsulated-curcumin (NCUR) were synthesized following standard solvent displacement method. The NCUR were characterized for shape, size and other physico-chemical properties by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy studies. For in vivo validation of nephro-protective effects, Mus musculus were pre-treated with CUR at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. and NCUR at a dose of 25 mg/kg b.w. (dose 1), 12.5 mg/kg b.w (dose 2) followed by alloxan administration (100 mg/kg b.w) and serum glucose levels, histopathology and immunofluorescence study were conducted.Results: The in silico study revealed a strong affinity of CUR towards Bcl2 (dock score –10.94 Kcal/mol). The synthesized NCUR were of even shape, devoid of cracks and holes with mean size of ~80 nm having –7.53 mV zeta potential. Dose 1 efficiently improved serum glucose levels, tissue-specific expression of Bcl2 and reduced glomerular space and glomerular sclerosis in comparison to hyperglycaemic group.Conclusion: This study essentially validates the potential of NCUR to inhibit DN by reducing blood glucose level and mitigating glomerular apoptosis by selectively promoting Bcl2 protein expression in kidney tissue

Reconstituting bacterial cell division assemblies in crowded, phase-separated media

This article is dedicated to the memory of all the victims of the coronavirus pandemic.Here we have summarized several strategies to reconstruct complexes containing the FtsZ protein, a central element of the cell division machinery in most bacteria, and to test their functional organization in minimal membrane systems and cell-like containers, as vesicles and droplets produced by microfluidics. These synthetic systems have been devised to mimic elements of the intracellular complexity, as excluded volume effects due to natural crowding, and macromolecular condensation resulting from biologically regulated liquid-liquid phase separation, in media of known and controllable composition. This integrative approach has allowed to demonstrate that macromolecular phase separation and crowding may also help to dynamically organize FtsZ in the intracellular space thus modulating its functional reactivity in cell division.This work was supported by the Spanish government (BFU2014-52070-C2-2-P, BFU2016-75471-C2-1-P, 2019AEP088, and PID2019-104544GB-I00). M.A.R.-R. was supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación and the European Social Fund through grant BES-2017-082003.Peer reviewe