Genotypic and phenotypic distinctness of restored and indigenous populations of Pimpinella saxifraga eight or more years after restoration

Formerly, non-local seed sourcing of naturally occurring herbaceous species was the main strategy for ecological restoration in Germany. Prices for non-local seeds were significantly lower and large quantities of local seeds were unavailable. We here tested whether the genetic composition of non-local seeds (R) of Pimpinella saxifraga L. (Apiaceae) of former restoration projects can still be detected several years after application and whether it differs from the species' regional gene pool (I). A comparative population genetic analysis (AFLP) was conducted. In a common garden experiment phenological and morphological differences were investigated. We further simulated mowing to investigate, if treatments affect indigenous (I) and restored (R) populations differently. The population genetic analysis resulted in two large and quite distinct and diverse cluster that separated I- and R-site individuals, with some signatures of introgression from R to I. Three generative fitness parameters featured significant differences between individuals of the R- and I-sites. The genotypic persistence reduces the availability of niches for the local genotype and may eventually lead to genotypic competition or introgression. We therefore recommend to retain from the introduction of the species' non-local genotypes in the region to avoid genotypic competition and recommend to use the genetically diverse local genotypes for restoration purposes. Data collection time: 2011.09.01 until 2013.11.30 In a comparative approach, we tested whether the genetic makeup of the former non-local seed source use of Pimpinella saxifraga L. (Apiaceae) in restoration projects at sites in Central Germany several years after application (restoration between 1994 and 2004) differs from the species' regional gene pool. In a comparative approach, we compared genetic diversities and differentiations by using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Phenological and morphological differences were analyzed in a common garden experiment in which we cultivated plants from all sites. For that we sampled seed and plant material in autumn 2011 of seven populations per I- and R-site. Of each individual of each study site 60 seeds were sown in a common garden experiment at the Universities nursery in Giessen (Germany) in spring 2012. The data collections of generative and vegetative morphological variation were measured two times per week in 2013 throughout the season

Fortifying a meal with oyster mushroom powder beneficially affects postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1, non-esterified free fatty acids and hunger sensation in adults with impaired glucose tolerance:a double-blind randomized controlled crossover trial

PURPOSE: Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a pathophysiological condition characterized by insulin resistance with known metabolic consequences such as postprandial hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. We hypothesized that fortifying a meal with mushrooms rich in β-glucans may diminish glucose and triglyceride responses by improving postprandial gastrointestinal hormone release. METHODS: In a randomized controlled crossover study, 22 subjects with IGT ingested a meal either enriched with 20 g powder (8.1 g β-glucans) of oven-dried Pleurotus ostreatus (enriched meal, EN) or without enrichment (control meal, CON). Blood was collected before and repeatedly within 4 h after the meal to determine AUC of glucose (primary outcome), insulin, triglycerides, non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFAs), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and ghrelin. Appetite sensations (hunger, satiety, fullness, and desire to eat) were assessed before and after meal consumption by visual analog scales. RESULTS: Postprandial glucose, insulin, triglycerides, GIP and ghrelin concentrations as well as the corresponding AUCs did not differ between EN and CON. NEFAs-AUC was 14% lower (P = 0.026) and GLP-1-AUC 17% higher (P = 0.001) after EN compared to CON. Appetite ratings did not differ between treatments, except for hunger (AUC 22% lower after EN vs. CON; P = 0.031). CONCLUSION: The observed immediate postprandial metabolic changes indicate that an easily manageable fortification of a single meal with powder from dried oyster mushrooms as β-glucan source may improve postprandial metabolism. If the effect is preserved long term, this measure can diminish the risk for further development of overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes in subjects with IGT. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trial Register on 09/08/2018; trial-ID: DRKS00015244. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02674-1

E-Teams an der Humboldt-Universität

Der Artikel gibt einen Einblick in die sehr verschiedenen Überlegungen und Ansätze der Institute der Humboldt-Universität, die Nutzung digitaler Medien in der Lehre zu unterstützen und zu verankern. Mit den sogenannten E-Teams wurden institutsweite Netzwerke von Ansprechpartnern aufgebaut. Diese E-Teams sind eine Besonderheit in der Strategie der Humboldt-Universität zur Verankerung von E-Learning und Multimedia in der Lehre. Hier arbeiten »Aktive« und »Funktionäre« gemeinsam an Lösungen, die für das Fach passen und nutzbar sind. Aufbauend auf zentraler Infrastruktur können so flexibel an den fachlichen Kontext angepasste Unterstützungsangebote aufgebaut werden. Zehn der E-Teams stellen exemplarisch ihre Arbeitsweise und Angebote vor