Association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been associated with exposures in the workplace. We aimed to assess the association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from 28 823 adults (≥40 years) in 34 countries. We considered 11 occupations and grouped them by likelihood of exposure to organic dusts, inorganic dusts and fumes. The association of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, wheeze, dyspnoea, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/FVC with occupation was assessed, per study site, using multivariable regression. These estimates were then meta-analysed. Sensitivity analyses explored differences between sexes and gross national income. Results Overall, working in settings with potentially high exposure to dusts or fumes was associated with respiratory symptoms but not lung function differences. The most common occupation was farming. Compared to people not working in any of the 11 considered occupations, those who were farmers for ≥20 years were more likely to have chronic cough (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.19–1.94), wheeze (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.16–1.63) and dyspnoea (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.53–2.20), but not lower FVC (β=0.02 L, 95% CI −0.02–0.06 L) or lower FEV1/FVC (β=0.04%, 95% CI −0.49–0.58%). Some findings differed by sex and gross national income. Conclusion At a population level, the occupational exposures considered in this study do not appear to be major determinants of differences in lung function, although they are associated with more respiratory symptoms. Because not all work settings were included in this study, respiratory surveillance should still be encouraged among high-risk dusty and fume job workers, especially in low- and middle-income countries.publishedVersio

Prevalence of chronic cough, its risk factors and population attributable risk in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study: a multinational cross-sectional study

© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)Background: Chronic cough is a common respiratory symptom with an impact on daily activities and quality of life. Global prevalence data are scarce and derive mainly from European and Asian countries and studies with outcomes other than chronic cough. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic cough across a large number of study sites as well as to identify its main risk factors using a standardised protocol and definition. Methods: We analysed cross-sectional data from 33,983 adults (≥40 years), recruited between Jan 2, 2003 and Dec 26, 2016, in 41 sites (34 countries) from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study. We estimated the prevalence of chronic cough for each site accounting for sampling design. To identify risk factors, we conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis within each site and then pooled estimates using random-effects meta-analysis. We also calculated the population attributable risk (PAR) associated with each of the identifed risk factors. Findings: The prevalence of chronic cough varied from 3% in India (rural Pune) to 24% in the United States of America (Lexington,KY). Chronic cough was more common among females, both current and passive smokers, those working in a dusty job, those with a history of tuberculosis, those who were obese, those with a low level of education and those with hypertension or airflow limitation. The most influential risk factors were current smoking and working in a dusty job. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that the prevalence of chronic cough varies widely across sites in different world regions. Cigarette smoking and exposure to dust in the workplace are its major risk factors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prevalence of chronic cough, its risk factors and population attributable risk in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study: a multinational cross-sectional study

Background: Chronic cough is a common respiratory symptom with an impact on daily activities and quality of life. Global prevalence data are scarce and derive mainly from European and Asian countries and studies with outcomes other than chronic cough. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic cough across a large number of study sites as well as to identify its main risk factors using a standardized protocol and definition. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 33,983 adults (≥40 years), recruited between Jan 2, 2003 and Dec 26, 2016, in 41 sites (34 countries) from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study. We estimated the prevalence of chronic cough for each site accounting for sampling design. To identify risk factors, we conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis within each site and then pooled estimates using random-effects meta-analysis. We also calculated the population-attributable risk (PAR) associated with each of the identified risk factors. Findings: The prevalence of chronic cough varied from 3% in India (rural Pune) to 24% in the United States of America (Lexington, KY). Chronic cough was more common among females, both current and passive smokers, those working in a dusty job, those with a history of tuberculosis, those who were obese, those with a low level of education, and those with hypertension or airflow limitation. The most influential risk factors were current smoking and working in a dusty job. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that the prevalence of chronic cough varies widely across sites in different world regions. Cigarette smoking and exposure to dust in the workplace are its major risk factors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Heterozygous Variants in KMT2E Cause a Spectrum of Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Epilepsy.

We delineate a KMT2E-related neurodevelopmental disorder on the basis of 38 individuals in 36 families. This study includes 31 distinct heterozygous variants in KMT2E (28 ascertained from Matchmaker Exchange and three previously reported), and four individuals with chromosome 7q22.2-22.23 microdeletions encompassing KMT2E (one previously reported). Almost all variants occurred de novo, and most were truncating. Most affected individuals with protein-truncating variants presented with mild intellectual disability. One-quarter of individuals met criteria for autism. Additional common features include macrocephaly, hypotonia, functional gastrointestinal abnormalities, and a subtle facial gestalt. Epilepsy was present in about one-fifth of individuals with truncating variants and was responsive to treatment with anti-epileptic medications in almost all. More than 70% of the individuals were male, and expressivity was variable by sex; epilepsy was more common in females and autism more common in males. The four individuals with microdeletions encompassing KMT2E generally presented similarly to those with truncating variants, but the degree of developmental delay was greater. The group of four individuals with missense variants in KMT2E presented with the most severe developmental delays. Epilepsy was present in all individuals with missense variants, often manifesting as treatment-resistant infantile epileptic encephalopathy. Microcephaly was also common in this group. Haploinsufficiency versus gain-of-function or dominant-negative effects specific to these missense variants in KMT2E might explain this divergence in phenotype, but requires independent validation. Disruptive variants in KMT2E are an under-recognized cause of neurodevelopmental abnormalities

Cohort Profile: Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study

The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study was established to assess the prevalence of chronic airflow obstruction, a key characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and its risk factors in adults (≥40 years) from general populations across the world. The baseline study was conducted between 2003 and 2016, in 41 sites across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, the Caribbean and Oceania, and collected high-quality pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry from 28 828 participants. The follow-up study was conducted between 2019 and 2021, in 18 sites across Africa, Asia, Europe and the Caribbean. At baseline, there were in these sites 12 502 participants with high-quality spirometry. A total of 6452 were followed up, with 5936 completing the study core questionnaire. Of these, 4044 also provided high-quality pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry. On both occasions, the core questionnaire covered information on respiratory symptoms, doctor diagnoses, health care use, medication use and ealth status, as well as potential risk factors. Information on occupation, environmental exposures and diet was also collected

Scaling and deepening Reclaiming Social Work model

This report evaluates the Scaling and Deepening the Reclaiming Social Work Model which aimed to embed ‘Reclaiming Social Work’ in 5 very different local authorities (Buckinghamshire, Derbyshire, Harrow, Hull and Southwark). Reclaiming Social Work (RSW) is a whole-system reform that aims to deliver systemic practice in children’s services. Key elements include in-depth training, small units with shared cases and group systemic case discussions, clinician support, reduced bureaucracy, devolved decision-making and enhanced administrative support. The overall aims include improving risk assessment and decision-making, providing more effective help and risk management for children and families. Keeping families together, where appropriate, is a fundamental aim of RSW.

Glyptapanteles artonae

Glyptapanteles artonae (Rohwer, 1926) Diagnosis As Austin & Dangerfield (1992) state that this species is unlikely to actually occur in the Australasian region and we were unable to find morphological characters that definitively separate this species from those in Australia, we do not diagnose it. However, the extremely dark femur of this species would distinguish it from most new species described in our study. There is a very low risk of this species being conspecific with any of the newly described species from Australia, due to it being unlikely to actually occur in the Australasian region. Material examined Holotype MALAYSIA • ♀; “ Kuala Lumpur F.M.S. ”, “ From B.A.R. Gater ”, “ Pars. On Artona catoxantha ”; USNM 40097. Only images examined (available at the NMNH type database: http://n 2t.net/ark:/65665/30bd958a4-dc6a-446d-8279-4168f0a8e0cc). Remarks See Shenefelt (1972) for a compilation of extra-limital host records (some potentially incorrect). Distribution (in the Australasian region) Fiji (also peninsular Malaysia and Java). Fullaway (1957) is the only record of this species occurring in Fiji. However, Austin & Dangerfield (1992) were unable to find any such material in world collections and stated that this locality record may be based on a misidentification and the species may not occur in the Australasian region.Published as part of Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P., McCLELLAND, Alana R., Bird, Andrew J., Giannotta, Madalene M., Bradford, Tessa M. & Austin, Andrew D., 2022, Systematic revision of the parasitoid wasp genus Glyptapanteles Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) for Australia results in a ten-fold increase in species, pp. 1-116 in European Journal of Taxonomy 792 (1) on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.792.1647, http://zenodo.org/record/603705

Glyptapanteles ferrugineus Fagan-Jeffries, Bird & Austin 2022, sp. nov.

Glyptapanteles ferrugineus Fagan-Jeffries, Bird & Austin sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FF8A3C0E-096B-40AE-ADA3-33E4069EF15E Figs 9A, 34 Diagnosis Glyptapanteles ferrugineus sp. nov. is in the G. albigena species group and can be separated from the other members of the species group by the pale spot on the gena being small but clearly visible, T2 dark, propodeal median carina completely absent, hind femur light brown to pale and mesosoma with a strong dark red tinge. Etymology The species epithet, ‘ ferrugineus ’, is a Latin adjective for ‘rust-coloured’ and refers to the red tinge for the mesosoma. Material examined Holotype AUSTRALIA • ♀; Western Australia, 23 km NNW of Albany; -34.8532, 117.809; 16 Nov. 2000; T.Simmul and S. Cunningham leg.; Malaise in remnant vegetation; Extraction144, BOLD: AUMIC042-18; ANIC 32 130189. Description Female COLOURATION. Gena with a pale spot; labrum reddish-brown; scape colour in ventral half uniformly paler than flagellomeres; flagellomeres uniformly reddish-brown; tegula pale; wing veins uniformly pale; anteromesoscutum dark with red tinge; scutellar disk and metanotum dark with red tinge; propodeum dark with red tinge; fore coxa pale yellow; mid coxa pale yellow; fore femur pale yellow; mid femur pale yellow; hind femur pale yellow; fore tibia pale yellow; mid tibia pale yellow; hind basitarsus light brown; T1 dark reddish-brown; T2 sclerotised area dark reddish-brown; T2 lateral area dark, extends past indentation, but then pale; T3 mostly dark with paler lateral areas; T4+ reddish-brown. HOLOTYPE BODY MEASUREMENTS. Body length 2.2 mm; fore wing length 2.1 mm; antennal length slightly shorter than body length. HEAD. Antennal flagellomere 14 length/width 1.66; antennal flagellomere 2 length/width 3.33; OOD/ POD 1.71; IOD/POD 1.57. MESOSOMA. Anteromesoscutum sculpturing with shallow punctures, space between punctures generally smaller than diameter of punctures; scutellar disk sculpturing with only very shallow punctures; eight pits in scutellar sulcus; propodeum with median carina absent, very smooth and shiny, only very shallow punctures associated with setae. WINGS. Pterostigma length 0.48 mm; pterostigma width 0.22 mm; r 0.12 mm; 2RS 0.1 mm; 2m 0.13 mm; (RS+M)b 0.07 mm. METASOMA. T1 wedge-shaped, narrowing posteriorly for entirety of length, lateral edges straight (but not parallel); T1 smooth and shiny; T1 length 0.31 mm; T1 width at posterior edge 0.07 mm; T2 an isosceles trapezoid, lateral edges straight; T2 smooth and shiny; T2 length 0.13 mm; T2 width at posterior edge 0.21 mm; ovipositor slightly protruding from end of metasoma. Male Unknown. Remarks Glyptapanteles ferrugineus sp. nov. constitutes BIN: BOLD:ADL4089 and is 4.17% (p-dist.) divergent from the closet BIN in the database (BOLD:ABA6213; Glyptapanteles austrinus sp. nov.). Using the BOLD Batch ID engine, the COI barcode of the holotype is 4.0% different from the most similar COI sequence from an Australian specimen (HYAT371-11; Glyptapanteles austrinus sp. nov.). The holotype was able to be sequenced for the wingless gene, which differs by a minimum of 5 bp from all other species with available sequence data. Distribution This species is known only from Albany in southern WA.Published as part of Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P., McCLELLAND, Alana R., Bird, Andrew J., Giannotta, Madalene M., Bradford, Tessa M. & Austin, Andrew D., 2022, Systematic revision of the parasitoid wasp genus Glyptapanteles Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) for Australia results in a ten-fold increase in species, pp. 1-116 in European Journal of Taxonomy 792 (1) on pages 62-64, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.792.1647, http://zenodo.org/record/603705

Glyptapanteles phytometrae

Glyptapanteles phytometrae (Wilkinson, 1928) Fig. 47C, E Diagnosis Glyptapanteles phytometrae can be separated from many of the Australian species as follows: from the G. albigena species group by having the gena without a pale spot, from the G. mouldsi and G. eburneus species groups by having T1–2 dark and from the niveus species group by having a relatively smooth anteromesoscutum. The propodeum of G. phytometrae is mostly smooth with rugose sculpturing in the centre (Fig. 47C), which is distinct (at least on the available specimens) from any of the newly described species from Australia. Whilst propodeal sculpturing can vary slightly amongst individuals, we do not consider it likely that G. phytometrae is conspecific with any of the Australian species. Material examined Holotype SAMOA • ♀; “ Samoan Is. P.A. Buxton and G.H. Hopkins ”; “Pres. by Imp. Bur. Ent. Brit. Mus. 1928- 318”; NHMUK: 3.c.1016 (only images examined). Remarks Known hosts in Samoa include Chrysodeixis eriosoma (Doubleday, 1843) and an unknown Plusiinae (Noctuidae). Distribution (in the Australasian region) Samoa, Fiji, Sumatra (Austin & Dangerfield 1992).Published as part of Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P., McCLELLAND, Alana R., Bird, Andrew J., Giannotta, Madalene M., Bradford, Tessa M. & Austin, Andrew D., 2022, Systematic revision of the parasitoid wasp genus Glyptapanteles Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) for Australia results in a ten-fold increase in species, pp. 1-116 in European Journal of Taxonomy 792 (1) on page 94, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.792.1647, http://zenodo.org/record/603705