Type 1 regulatory T cells are associated with persistent split erythroid/lymphoid chimerism after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for thalassemia

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can cure thalassemia major. Persistent mixed chimerism develops in around 10% of transplanted thalassemic patients, but the biological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are poorly understood. The findings of this study suggest that interleukin-10 and type 1 regulatory cells are associated with persistent mixed chimerism and may play an important role in sustaining long-term tolerance