High Pressure Balloon Dilatation of Primary Obstructive Megaureter in Children: A Multicenter Study

Aim of the Study: We described the initial experience of four referral centers in the treatment of primary obstructive megaureter (POM) in children, by high-pressure balloon dilatation (HPBD) of the ureterovesical junction with double JJ stenting. We managed a retrospective multicenter study to assess its effectiveness in long-term.Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all children who underwent HPBD for POM that require surgical treatment from May 2012 to December 2017 in four different institutions. The primary outcome measured was ureterohydronephrosis (UHN) and its degree of improvement after the procedure. Secondary outcomes were postoperative complications and resolution of preoperative symptomatology.Main Results: Forty-two ureters underwent HPBD for POM in 33 children, with a median age of 14.7 months – (range: 3 months −15 years). Ureterohydronephrosis improves in 86% of ureters after one endoscopic treatment. Three cases required a second HPBD. Four patients required surgical treatment for worsening of UHN after endoscopic treatment. The post-operative complication rate was 50% (21 ureters). In 13 cases (61%), they were related to double J stent. The median follow-up was 24 months (2 months −5 years) and all patients were symptom-free.Conclusion: We reported the first multicenter study and the largest series of children treated with HPBD, with an overall success rate of 92%. Endoscopic treatment can be a definitive treatment of POM since it avoided reimplantation in 90% of cases. Complications are mainly due to double J stent

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the uterine vascular reshaping on two murins models of placental insufficiency : hyperthermia model and iron deficiency anemia model

Le retard de croissance intra-utérin par altérations vasculaires placentaires affecte 4% des grossesses actuelles. Ses mécanismes d’installation encore inconnus ont un impact pédiatrique important responsable d’une mortalité non négligeable. La combinaison d’un retard de croissance intra-utérin et de modifications vasculaires placentaires sur un modèle animal est nécessaire pour comprendre ces mécanismes et envisager une étude thérapeutique ultérieure. Le but de ce projet est de mettre au point dans un premier temps un modèle animal qui associe au retard de croissance intra-utérin les modifications vasculaires placentaires retrouvées dans la physiopathologie humaine. Pour cela, deux modèles animaux murins ont été étudiés : l'hyperthermie en fin de gestation et l’anémie par carence martiale pré et péri-gestationnelle. Une étude qualitative et quantitative par échographie (échographie Doppler et échographie de contraste) associée à une étude anatomopathologique. immuno-histochimiques et spectroscopique des placentas a été réalisée. L’optimisation du modèle animal définitif a requis dans un premier temps la mise au point de repères anatomiques inexistants à l'heure actuelle permettant la reproductivité des mesures échographiques ainsi que la mise en évidence de l’innocuité du produit de contraste échographique utilisé. Une étude placentaire globale nous a permis d’enregistrer des modifications structurelles liées au modèle analysé. L’étude de ces deux modèles animaux nous a permis d’établir un protocole de mesure standardisé et de mettre en évidence l’absence d’effet de l’utilisation du produit de contraste échographique sur la gestation. L’hyperthermie tout comme la carence martiale sont responsables d'un retard de croissance intra-utérin avec un effet dose dépendant. Les modifications vasculaires placentaires retrouvées dans le modèle hyperthermie à type d'ischémie-hémorragique n’apparaissent pas consécutives à des modifications vasculaires installées mais séquellaires de cet incident aigu. Les modifications hémodynamiques enregistrées dans le cadre de la carence martiale sont plutôt en faveur de modifications vasculaires en accord avec la pathologie humaine. L’étude spectroscopique ne met pas en évidence de changement métabolomique particulier. Ces deux modèles permettent donc l’installation d’un retard de croissance intra-utérin corrélé positivement à l’intensité du protocole. Le modèle anémie tend à se rapprocher au mieux de la pathologie humaine ; son étude reste à approfondir sur des effectifs plus conséquents.The intra-uterin growth restriction by placental vascular modifications affects 4% of the current pregnancies. lt’s still unknown installation mechanism has an important pediatric impact with a significant mortality. The association of intra-uterin growth restriction and placental vascular defects on an animal model is necessary to understand this mechanism and envisage a therapeutic study later. The aim of Ibis project is to establish at first an animal model which associates intra-uterin growth restriction and vascular placental modifications found in the human physiopathology For that purpose, two murine models were studied : hyperthermia at the end of the gestation and anaemia by iron deficiency before and during the gestation. A qualitative and quantitative study by ultrasonography (Doppler ultrasonography and contrast ultrasonography) associated with anatomopathological, immune-histochemical and spectroscopic studies of the placentas was realized. The optimization of the definitive animal model required at first anatomical marks development, allowing reproduction of the ultrasonographic measures as well as revelation of the ultrasound contrast product harmlessness. A global placental study allowed us to note structural modifications connected to the analyzed model. The study of these two animals models allowed us to establish a standard measuring protocol and show that ultrasonographic contrast product use had no effect on the gestation. The hyperthermia, as the iron deficiency, is responsible of an intra-uterin growth restriction with a positive effect dose related. The vascular placental modifications found in the hyperthermia model as hemorrhage and ischaemia areas do not appear as the result of vascular modifications but after-effects of this acute incident. The hemodynamical modifications registered within the framework of the iron deficiency are rather in favour of vascular modifications in agreement with the human pathology. The spectroscopic study does not show metabolomic modifications. These two models allow the installation of an intra-uterin growth restriction positively correlated with the protocol intensity. The anaemia model gets closer to the human pathology; its study remains b he continued with more consequent numbers

Analyse qualitative et quantitative du remodelage vasculaire utérin sur deux modèles murins d'insuffisance placentaire (modèle hyperthermie et modèle anémie ferriprive)

Le retard de croissance intra-utérin par altérations vasculaires placentaires affecte 4% des grossesses actuelles. Ses mécanismes d installation encore inconnus ont un impact pédiatrique important responsable d une mortalité non négligeable. La combinaison d un retard de croissance intra-utérin et de modifications vasculaires placentaires sur un modèle animal est nécessaire pour comprendre ces mécanismes et envisager une étude thérapeutique ultérieure. Le but de ce projet est de mettre au point dans un premier temps un modèle animal qui associe au retard de croissance intra-utérin les modifications vasculaires placentaires retrouvées dans la physiopathologie humaine. Pour cela, deux modèles animaux murins ont été étudiés : l'hyperthermie en fin de gestation et l anémie par carence martiale pré et péri-gestationnelle. Une étude qualitative et quantitative par échographie (échographie Doppler et échographie de contraste) associée à une étude anatomopathologique. immuno-histochimiques et spectroscopique des placentas a été réalisée. L optimisation du modèle animal définitif a requis dans un premier temps la mise au point de repères anatomiques inexistants à l'heure actuelle permettant la reproductivité des mesures échographiques ainsi que la mise en évidence de l innocuité du produit de contraste échographique utilisé. Une étude placentaire globale nous a permis d enregistrer des modifications structurelles liées au modèle analysé. L étude de ces deux modèles animaux nous a permis d établir un protocole de mesure standardisé et de mettre en évidence l absence d effet de l utilisation du produit de contraste échographique sur la gestation. L hyperthermie tout comme la carence martiale sont responsables d'un retard de croissance intra-utérin avec un effet dose dépendant. Les modifications vasculaires placentaires retrouvées dans le modèle hyperthermie à type d'ischémie-hémorragique n apparaissent pas consécutives à des modifications vasculaires installées mais séquellaires de cet incident aigu. Les modifications hémodynamiques enregistrées dans le cadre de la carence martiale sont plutôt en faveur de modifications vasculaires en accord avec la pathologie humaine. L étude spectroscopique ne met pas en évidence de changement métabolomique particulier. Ces deux modèles permettent donc l installation d un retard de croissance intra-utérin corrélé positivement à l intensité du protocole. Le modèle anémie tend à se rapprocher au mieux de la pathologie humaine ; son étude reste à approfondir sur des effectifs plus conséquents.The intra-uterin growth restriction by placental vascular modifications affects 4% of the current pregnancies. lt s still unknown installation mechanism has an important pediatric impact with a significant mortality. The association of intra-uterin growth restriction and placental vascular defects on an animal model is necessary to understand this mechanism and envisage a therapeutic study later. The aim of Ibis project is to establish at first an animal model which associates intra-uterin growth restriction and vascular placental modifications found in the human physiopathology For that purpose, two murine models were studied : hyperthermia at the end of the gestation and anaemia by iron deficiency before and during the gestation. A qualitative and quantitative study by ultrasonography (Doppler ultrasonography and contrast ultrasonography) associated with anatomopathological, immune-histochemical and spectroscopic studies of the placentas was realized. The optimization of the definitive animal model required at first anatomical marks development, allowing reproduction of the ultrasonographic measures as well as revelation of the ultrasound contrast product harmlessness. A global placental study allowed us to note structural modifications connected to the analyzed model. The study of these two animals models allowed us to establish a standard measuring protocol and show that ultrasonographic contrast product use had no effect on the gestation. The hyperthermia, as the iron deficiency, is responsible of an intra-uterin growth restriction with a positive effect dose related. The vascular placental modifications found in the hyperthermia model as hemorrhage and ischaemia areas do not appear as the result of vascular modifications but after-effects of this acute incident. The hemodynamical modifications registered within the framework of the iron deficiency are rather in favour of vascular modifications in agreement with the human pathology. The spectroscopic study does not show metabolomic modifications. These two models allow the installation of an intra-uterin growth restriction positively correlated with the protocol intensity. The anaemia model gets closer to the human pathology; its study remains b he continued with more consequent numbers.TOURS-Bibl.électronique (372610011) / SudocSudocFranceF

Impact des changements globaux sur le fonctionnement des tourbières (couplage C-N-S et interactions biotiques)

Dans un contexte de changements globaux, la fonction de "puits" de carbone (C) des tourbières est susceptible de basculer vers une fonction "source", en libérant dans l'atmosphère de grandes quantités de C initialement stockées dans la tourbe. Cette thèse vise à caractériser et quantifier, à différents niveaux d'organisation, i) l'impact d'un réchauffement climatique sur le fonctionnement biogéochimique (C-N-S) d'une tourbière à Sphaignes et ii) l'impact de la restauration d'une tourbière abandonnée après exploitation sur les interactions entre les plantes recolonisatrices (Eriophorum angustifolium), la macrofaune (Lumbricus rubellus) et les microorganismes potentiellement impliqués dans la régénération du processus de tourbification. Le fonctionnement de la tourbière et les interactions biotiques ont été étudiées par couplage des cycles C-N-S et traçage isotopique 13C-15N-34S. Une augmentation modérée de + 1C simulée par "Open Top Chambers" (OTCs) diminue significativement les flux de C à l'échelle de l'écosystème, la production primaire des Sphaignes et le compartiment microbien étant les plus affectés. A l'échelle des communautés, l'activité des bactéries anaérobies, des champignons et des protozoaires (estimée par SIP 13C-PLFAs) est significativement ralentie. Nous avons montré qu'un organisme ingénieur comme le ver de terre L. rubellus jouait un rôle positif dans le recyclage de la matière organique en fournissant indirectement des éléments (C > N > S) à la plante. Ces transferts seraient dépendants des traits fonctionnels de l'organisme. A l'échelle de l'individu, nous avons caractérisé par approche NanoSIMS, les transferts "anticorrélés" N-S ver de terre -> tourbe.In a context of global change, peatlands "sink" function of carbon (C) is likely to switch to a "source" function, releasing into the atmosphere large quantities of C initially stored in the peat. This thesis aims to characterize and quantify at different levels of organization: i) the impact of global warming on Sphagnum-peatland biogeochemical functioning (CNS) and ii) the impact of restoration of peatland abandoned after harvesting of peat on the interactions between recolonizing plants (Eriophorum angustifolium), macrofauna (Lumbricus rubellus) and the microorganisms potentially involved in the regeneration process of peat forming. The peatland functioning and biotic interactions have been studied by coupling C-N-S and isotope tracing 13C-15N-34S. A moderate increase of + 1C simulated by "Open Top Chambers" (OTCs) significantly reduces C fluxes at the ecosystem level, the primary production of Sphagnum and the microbes are most affected. At the community level, the activity of anaerobic bacteria, fungi and protozoa (estimated by SIP 13C-PLFAs) was significantly slowed. We showed that a soil engineer as the earthworm L. rubellus played a positive role in recycling organic matter indirectly by providing elements (C > N > S) to the plant. Transfers depend on the functional traits of the organism. At the individual level, we have characterized using NanoSIMS, "anticorrelated" NS transfers from earthworms to peat.RENNES1-BU Sciences Philo (352382102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Visualization and quantification of C-N-S transfers by soil engineers using manoSIMs.

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Effects of soil engineers in C-N-S coupling in a regenerating cutover peatland.

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Understanding the fate and linkage of N and S in earthworm engineered peat soil using nanoSIMS

International audienceEarthworms, by changing soil physical properties, are efficient engineers that play a key role on the soil nutrient dynamics but their biological processes at the micrometric scale are still misunderstood. The nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) is a new tool in the study of biophysical interfaces in soils with its ability to operate at high mass resolution, while maintaining both excellent signal transmission and high spatial resolution (down 50 nm). Based on this new technology, the aim of this study was to visualize at the micrometric scale the burrow-linings of Lumbricus rubellus L. and to determine the fate and linkage of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) deriving from this soil engineer. Earthworms were triple labelled with isotopic tracers (15N and 34S) prior to introduction into unlabelled peat mesocosms for 24 days. Then, mesocosms were embedded in a polyester resin to carry out the NanoSIMS analysis (NanoSIMS 50™; Cameca, Gennevilliers, France). Burrow-linings were analysed with a transect of images increasingly far of the biophysical interface (from poral space to inner of the burrow-lining) and we assessed the linkage of 15N and 34S with the soil micro-architecture by using the linescan technique. Isotopic compositions were determined by using image processing with the ImageJ software (W.S. Rasband, US National Institutes of Health) and thus nutrients transfers from labelled earthworms to soil burrow-linings were detected. We had a visible gradient with a decrease of percentage of 15N and 34S (2.00 to 0.38 % and 10.0 to 4.4 % respectively) and no transfer was detected beyond 1mm, which defined clearly the area of earthworm's influence (i.e. the drilosphere). Interestingly, the occurrence of spatially anti-correlated hotspots of 15N and 34S suggested either i) two kinds of earthworm's excretions (an excretion rich in N and poor in S, and an excretion poor in N and rich in S) or ii) two kinds of microbial activity linked with N or S cycle (15N or 34S microbial uptake). The speciation of these enriched hotspots are currently under analyzes. By using the NanoSIMS tool coupled with isotopic tracers, we bring out new understandings of the impact of earthworms on the nutrients and thus their ability to sustain hot spots of microbial activity in cutover peat

Understanding the fate and linkage of N and S in earthworm-engineered peat soil by coupling stable isotopes and nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry

Document Type : Proceedings Paper Conference Date : SEP 19-23, 2010 Conference Location : FRANCE Conference Sponsor : Bioemco Lab (Biogeochemistry and Ecol Continental Ecosystems), Soil Organ Matter GrpInternational audienceEarthworm burrow-lining is a biophysical interface where the relationship between the spatial location of active soil microorganisms and the actual physical structure of the soil has a major influence on geochemical processes and nutrient cycling. Isotopic tracers and NanoSIMS were combined to highlight, at the nanometric scale, N and S transfers from earthworms to this non-destructured biophysical interface. Peat mesocosms were inoculated with double labelled earthworms (15N and 34S; Lumbricus rubellus H.) and then sampled for NanoSIMS quantitative measurements. The maximum enrichments of 15N and 34S detected in peat after 24 days were 1.6 and 5.6 APE (Atom % excess), respectively. NanoSIMS analyses, performed along a transect in peat at increasing distances from contact between the epidermis of an earthworm and its burrow-lining, revealed rapid and brief transfers of biogenic N and S into peat with two contrasted distributions i.e., decreasing 15N and patchy 34S. The sphere of influence of L. rubellus was clearly delimited after 24 days at 1 mm around the burrow, thus specifying the functional traits of this epi-anecic earthworm. The observed N inputs into peat were probably derived from oxidation of the labile products of earthworm metabolism, such as urea and/or ammonium, as shown by the strong linkage of 15N with oxygen measured as 16O−. The transfers of labile S products from earthworm to the surrounding soil are reported here for the first time and could be derived from mucoprotein secretion. The interesting spatially inverse relationship between 15N and 34S enriched-spots at increasing distances from the burrow-lining highlighted different fates of the biogenic N and S compounds excreted by earthworms and could reveal the activities of syntrophic partnerships in N and S cycling. The strategy of combining isotopic tracers with NanoSIMS demonstrated high potential for determining the fate of biogenic nutrient inputs occurring in a complex matrix such as soil. It opens up considerable opportunities to link the biological traits of specific soil engineers with geochemical processes operating at the microbial scale in the spatial structure created by earthworms

Role of soil engineers in the transfers of C, N, S in a regenerating cutover peatland.

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Bisphenol A and S impaired ovine granulosa cell steroidogenesis

International audienceBisphenols, plasticisers used in food containers, can transfer to food. Bisphenol A (BPA) has been described as an endocrine disruptor and consequently banned from the food industry in several countries. It was replaced by a structural analogue, Bisphenol S (BPS). BPA action on the steroidogenesis is one of the mechanisms underlying its adverse effects on the efficiency of female reproduction. This study aimed to determine whether BPS is a safe alternative to BPA regarding GC functions. Antral follicles (2–6 mm), of approximatively 1000 adult ewe ovaries, were aspired and GC purified. For 48 h, ovine GC were treated with BPA or BPS (from 1 nM to 200 μM) and the effects on cell viability, proliferation, steroid production, steroidogenic enzyme expression and signalling pathways were investigated. Dosages at and greater than 100 μM BPA and 10 μM BPS decreased progesterone secretion by 39% (P< 0.001) and 22% (P = 0.040), respectively. BPA and BPS 10 μM and previously mentioned concentrations increased oestradiol secretion two-fold (P< 0.001 and P = 0.082, respectively). Only 100 μM BPA induced a decrease (P< 0.001) in gene expression of the enzymes of steroidogenesis involved in the production of progesterone. BPA reduced MAPK3/1 phosphorylation and ESR1 and ESR2gene expression, effects that were not observed with BPS. BPA and BPS altered steroidogenesis of ovine GC. Thus, BPS does not appear to be a safe alternative for BPA. Further investigations are required to elucidate BPA and BPS mechanisms of actio