Cancer control in the first level: The role of rural nurses in low-income settings

This article is aimed at providing insights into the experiences of rural nurses? and their perceptions in relation to disciplinary values, particularities of the cultural context,institutional constraints in such settings, and the effects of other health systems on the day-to-day healthcare practices carried out in low-resource health centres.This study is based on a framework of equity used to explain such differences in access to preventive and adequate care, which result in different rates of morbidityand mortality among regions. Many researchers provide evidence to support the idea that persistent lack of accessible, affordable, and culturally relevant programsfor cancer prevention and health promotion among medically underserved and historically marginalised populations are strongly associated with cancer disparities.Among underserved populations, rural communities are particular vulnerable in getting access to adequate cancer care. The daily work of nurses in rural settings canprovide clues to help understand what happens between the broader organisation of care system directives and the daily routines carried out in health centres.Fil: Luxardo, Natalia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ramacciotti, Karina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sassetti, F.. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Billordo, J.. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Alva, L.. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Initial stage of atherosclerosis in aorta of rabbits by administering cholesterol

Para obtener un modelo experimental de ateroesclerosis aórtica, se suministraron tres dosis de colesterol dietético (0,62; 0,93 y 1,24 g/día) durante 60 días a conejos neozelandeses machos adultos. Se evaluaron los niveles séricos de colesterol, colesterol-HDL y LDL, aspartato aminotransferasa (AST) y alanin aminotransferasa (ALT), así como el desarrollo de ateroesclerosis en aorta. El incremento en la dosis de 0,62 a 0,93 g/día de colesterol ocasionó un aumento significativo (p≤0,05) en la colesterolemia (de 6,79 ±2,34 a 9,51 ±0,10 g/l), principalmente por incremento del colesterol-LDL. La dosis de 1,24 g/día no indujo aumento adicional de la colesterolemia comparado con la dosis de 0,93 g/ día. La colesterolemia fue muy variable entre los conejos que recibieron 0,62 g/día; las dosis mayores de colesterol redujeron esta variabilidad. Las actividades ALT y AST permanecieron normales hasta el día 30 de la experiencia, incrementándose significativamente en el día 60 (p≤0,05) en los grupos que recibieron 0,93 y 1,24 g/día, asociadas a degeneración grasa hepática. Las tres dosis de colesterol indujeron áreas sudanofílicas de extensión variable en aorta. Las lesiones en aorta se caracterizaron por un incremento focal del espesor intimal causado por la infiltración de macrófagos espumosos y músculo liso, entremezclados en proporción variable con depósitos de matriz extracelular. En conclusión, se confirma la sensibilidad del conejo neozelandés a desarrollar hipercolesterolemia y lesiones ateroescleróticas en un corto período de tiempo con una dieta rica en colesterol. La dosis de 0,93 g/día durante 60 días fue la que indujo una respuesta hipercolesterolémica con menor variabilidad entre los conejos y lesiones ateroescleróticas bien desarrolladas. El modelo experimental de ateroesclerosis temprana permitirá estudiar el efecto ateroprotector de diferentes medicamentos y alimentos funcionales.To obtain an experimental model of aortic atherosclerosis, male adult New Zealand rabbits were fed with three doses of dietary cholesterol (0.62, 0.93 and 1.24 g/day) for 60 days. Serum cholesterol, HDL and LDL-cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanin aminotransferase (ALT) and the development of atherosclerosis in aorta, were evaluated. Increased dietary cholesterol from 0.62 to 0.93 g/day resulted in a significant increase (p≤0.05) in serum cholesterol (from 6.79 ±2.34 to 9.51 ±0.10 g/l), due mainly to the increase in LDL-cholesterol. The dose of 1.24 g/day did not induce further increase in cholesterolemia compared to the dose of 0.93 g/day. Serum cholesterol was highly variable among rabbits that received 0.62 g/day, this variability was reduced with the highest dose of cholesterol. ALT and AST activities remained normal until day 30 of experience, increasing significantly at day 60 (p≤0.05) in the groups receiving cholesterol at the doses of 0.93 and 1.24 g/day, associated with liver fatty degeneration. All doses of cholesterol induced aortic sudanophilic lesion areas of variable surface. Aortic lesions were characterized by a focal increase in intima thickening caused by infiltration of foamy macrophages and smooth muscle mixed in variable proportions with extracellular matrix deposition. In conclusion, the sensitivity of the New Zealand rabbit to develop hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic lesions in a short period of time when consuming a high cholesterol diet, is confirmed. The dose of 0.93 g/day for 60 days caused a lower variability in the hypercholesterolemic response among rabbits with significant development of atherosclerotic lesions. This model of early atherosclerosis will allow the study of the atheroprotective effects of different medicines and functional foods.Fil: Lértora, W. J.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Cs.veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Billordo, G. I.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Cs.veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Mussart, Norma Beatriz. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Cs.veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Catugno, M. S.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Cs.veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez Negrette, M.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Cs.veterinarias; Argentin