IMPACT OF PACKAGING ELEMENTS ON CONSUMER IMPULSE BUYING BEHAVIOR: A CASE STUDY OF INDOMIE NOODLE IN KADUNA METROPOLIS

 Impulse buying is mostly from extrinsic factors which lure customers into unplanned buying. This study aims at analyzing the Impact of packaging on Consumer impulse buying Behavior focusing on the four elements of packaging which are; size and shape as well as color and logo. Using multiple regression model, the study finds that; shape and size of packaging have positive and significant effect or relationship on consumer impulse buying behavior. More so, color and logo have positive and significant relationship or effect on consumer impulse behavior. It is based on these findings that the study recommends; that producers of goods should pay more attention to color and logo as it brings about more turnover which will in turn yield more profit to the firm. Companies should lay more emphasis to their product through designs of good product package. More research should be employed by companies in the designing of color and logo, as well as shape and size of their products because of their positive effect on the consumer impulse buying behavior. Bonuses and incentives should be accorded to the department involve in the designing of shapes and sizes as well as color and logo of a product as this will bring about a healthy competition between the employees in such department

IMPACT OF BANK CREDIT ON MANUFACTURING SECTOR OUTPUT IN NIGERIA

This study examines impact of bank credit on manufacturing sector output in Nigeria. The study sourced secondary data from CBN statistical bulletin for the period of 1986-2017. Manufacturing sector output serves as explained variable, while bank credit and inflation rate serve as explanatory variables. The study adopts ADF and PP tests of stationarity to determine the order of integration of the variables; ARDL model and ganger causality to test the hypotheses that bank credit does not have significant impact on manufacturing sector output; there is no significant long-run relationship between bank credit and manufacturing sector output; and there is no causality between bank credit and manufacturing sector output. Post-estimation tests were also conducted. The findings suggest that manufacturing sector output and bank credit at first difference, and inflation rate at level were stationary; unidirectional causality from manufacturing sector output to bank credit; bank credit exerts significant positive impact on manufacturing sector output; and significant long run relationship among variables. The model is, not serially correlated, homoscedastic, normally distributed, and stable. Based on the findings, the study recommends that existing functional policies such as credit rationing should be strengthened to attract potential investors in the manufacturing sector. Regulatory authorities should encourage the manufacturing sector through accessible and affordable bank credit that will encourage investors in the manufacturing sector to access adequate loan facility to enhance productivity in the sector; and specialized institutions should be licensed by CBN that will be solely responsible for allocating soft credit for manufacturing investment in Nigeria