Mudança para um estilo de vida ativo no envelhecimento: uma proposta de um estudo piloto em promoção da saúde

Resumo: Introdução: Atualmente, a mudança para um estilo de vida ativo pela prática de exercício físico em programas para promoção da saúde vem assumindo relevo. Entretanto, as taxas de adesão pelos idosos são diminutas. Objetivos: Conhecer os níveis de adesão dos idosos em instituições desportivas, bem como os motivos de adesão ou desistência a programas de exercício físico; Conhecer o papel do exercício físico na percepção dos idosos. Metodologia: Estudo transversal retrospectivo e descritivo de taxas de adesão e desistência dos idosos em instituição desportiva entre 2007-2012. No estudo descritivo dos idosos (>65 a.) de ambos os sexos, ativos (n=96), valorizou-se a caracterização sociodemográfica, as taxas de motivação de acordo com grau de satisfação com a saúde, o relacional, as modalidades de escolha e a frequência de prática semanal através de questionário geral. Resultados: Em seis anos as taxas de adesão dos idosos mostraram declínio gradual, 2007:37% - 2012:10%. Em comparação com Adultos maduro (46-59), 2007:19.5% - 2012: 18.5% e com Adultos jovens (30-45) 2007:13% - 2012:21% declinou após o terceiro ano. A desistência foi similar entre os idosos e adultos; Idosos 62%, Adultos maduro 64%, Adultos Jovens 68%. Predominantemente o motivo da adesão foi voluntário 52%, os objetivos que levaram a adesão estão relacionados com a saúde e desempenho físico 60%, a satisfação com a condição física geral foi de 86% e 58% afirmaram ter uma vida social melhor. Conclusões: O estudo revela a problemática da adesão a programas de exercício físico por parte dos idosos. Por outro lado mostra os benefícios percebidos pelos idosos ativos ao permanecerem nos programas. São necessários mais estudos envolvendo um maior número de instituições desportivas, assim como interessa conduzir os idosos a perceberem o grau de importância e influência que o exercício físico tem na saúde e na longevidade com qualidade de vida. Palavras-chave: exercício físico, idoso, prevenção, promoção da saúde

Dos desafios à criação de grupos de Comunidade que Sustenta Agricultura (CSA) no Vale do Taquari

A Comunidade que Sustenta Agricultura (CSA) é uma das formas de criar circuitos curtos de comercialização de alimentos. O artigo apresenta resultados do projeto “Promovendo a socialização da CSA e da agricultura biodinâmica como tecnologia social nas comunidades”, realizado em seis municípios do Vale do Taquari/RS, coordenado pela Associação Comunitária Recanto da Folha, em parceria com Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul e outras instituições. O projeto foi executado em um período extremamente crítico da pandemia Covid-19, entre 2020-2021, porém favorável a autorreflexão no que tange à origem dos alimentos, à sustentabilidade econômica da agricultura familiar e à segurança alimentar e nutricional, que motivou o nascimento de CSAs

EXTRATIVISMO DO BUTIÁ NO MUNICÍPIO DE TAPES/RS: CONSERVAÇÃO E USO COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO RURAL SUSTENTÁVEL

Desde 2017, a Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Unidade de Tapes, é instituição parceira da Rota Internacional dos Butiazais, projeto coordenado pela Embrapa Clima Temperado que conecta pessoas e promove uma rede de estímulos voltados à conservação in situ e uso sustentável da palmeira do gênero Butia em locais de ocorrência. Neste estudo, buscou-se identificar os extrativistas e artesãos envolvidos diretamente com a Rota, mapear as áreas de coleta da matéria-prima e registrar o preparo de alimentos e objetos produzidos com o uso da fibra, folhas, sementes e frutos. A área de estudo foi o município de Tapes, localizado às margens da planície costeira do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Entre Tapes e Barra do Ribeiro, encontra-se o maior butiazal do Brasil, um ecossistema único que carece de práticas que conduzam ao manejo e conservação da espécie. Destaca-se o extrativismo de folhas e frutos da palmeira B. odorata em Tapes, pela diversidade de produtos e alimentos encontrados em épocas de frutificação. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, de natureza qualitativa-quantitativa, com uso de método Snowball sampling e técnicas de entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação participante e mapeamento participativo das coletas realizadas como instrumento da análise de campo. Foram identificados dez extrativistas e artesãos pertencentes à Associação dos Produtores da Agricultura Familiar de Tapes (APAFTAPES), onde eles promovem o aprendizado, sendo multiplicadores de saberes, e comercializam seus objetos e alimentos a partir da matéria-prima coletada. Estas e outras ações asseguram o uso desse fruto pela conservação de espécies nativas e fortalecimento da Rota em Tapes, resultando, inclusive, na incorporação da polpa de butiá na merenda escolar do município através do Programa Nacional de Aquisição de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) e promoção de eventos locais anuais, como a 1ª, 2ª e 3ª Semana de Atividades Sobre o Uso Sustentável do Butiá realizada desde 2018

What Mathematical Models Are Accurate for Prescribing Aerobic Exercise in Women with Fibromyalgia?

Objectives: This article aims to verify the agreement between the standard method to determine the heart rate achieved in the ventilatory threshold 1 in the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (VT1) and the mathematical models with exercise intensities suggested by the literature in order to check the most precise for fibromyalgia (FM) patients. Methods: Seventeen women with FM were included in this study. The VT1 was used as the standard method to compare four mathematical models applied in the literature to calculate the exercise intensity in FM patients: the well-known “220 − age” at 76%, Tanaka predictive equation “208 − 0.7 × age” at 76%, the FM model HRMax “209 – 0.85 × age” at 76%, and Karvonen Formula at 60%. Bland–Altman analysis and correlation analyses were used to explore agreement and correlation between the standard method and the mathematical models. Results: Significant correlations between the heart rate at the VT1 and the four mathematical estimation models were observed. However, the Bland-Altman analysis only showed agreement between VT1 and “220 − age” (bias = −114.83 + 0.868 × x; 95% LOA = −114.83 + 0.868 × x + 1.96 × 7.46 to −114.83 + 0.868 × x − 1.96 × 7.46, where x is the average between the heart rate obtained in the CPET at VT1 and “220 − age”, in this case 129.15; p = 0.519) and “209 − 0.85 × age”(bias = −129.58 + 1.024 × x; 95% LOA = −129.58 + 1.024 × x + 1.96 × 6.619 to −129.58 + 1.024 × x − 1.96 × 6.619, where x is the average between the heart rate obtained in the CPET at VT1 and “209 − 0.85 × age”, in this case 127.30; p = 0.403). Conclusions: The well-known predictive equation “220 − age” and the FM model HRMax (“209 − 0.85 × age”) showed agreement with the standard method (VT1), revealing that it is a precise model to calculate the exercise intensity in sedentary FM patients. However, proportional bias has been detected in all the mathematical models, with a higher heart rate obtained in CPET than obtained in the mathematical model. The chronotropic incompetence observed in people with FM (inability to increase heart rate with increasing exercise intensities) could explain why methods that tend to underestimate the HRmax in the general population fit better in this population

Confluência entre economia solidária, coleta seletiva solidária e educação ambiental solidária

In Brazil, Federal Decree No. 5.940/06 institutes the separation of recyclable solid waste generated by federal public agencies, including higher education institutions, and its destination to associations and cooperatives of waste pickers, in a practice called solidary selective collection. In this sense, this article presents an analysis of solidary selective collection from a perspective that proposes it as solidary environmental education that articulates culture, work and politics converging with the principles defended in the field of Solidarity Economy, based on socio-environmental and educational actions developed in higher education federal institutions. The methodological strategy involved data from a master’s research in association with bibliographic research. The results show that institutional solidary selective collection programs can, through their actions, theoretically and practically articulate Environmental Education with Solidarity Economy and produce quality knowledge with the provision of public service in urban cleaning. It is concluded that solidary selective collection together with Solidarity Economy can socially and economically strengthen bonds between human beings and work, and can foster praxis and raise epistemological reflections that serve as alternatives to the current scientific-technological, socio-political and economic standart.En Brasil, el Decreto Federal nº 5.940/06 instituye la separación de los residuos sólidos reciclables generados por los organismos públicos federales, incluídas las instituciones de enseñanza superior, y su destino a las asociaciones y cooperativas de recicladores, en una práctica denominada recogida selectiva solidaria. Em este sentido, este artículo presenta uma análisis de la recolección selectiva solidaria desde una perspectiva que la propone como educación ambiental solidaria que articula cultura, trabajo y política convergente com los principios defendidos em el campo de la Economía Solidaria, a partir de acciones socioambientales y educativas desarrollados em instituciones federales de educación superior. La estrategia metodológica invólucro datos de una investigación de maestria em asociación con una investigación bibliográfica. Los resultados muestran que los programas institucionales de recolección selectiva solidaria pueden, a través de sus acciones, articular teórica y prácticamente la Educación Ambiental com la Economía Solidaria y producir conocimientos de calidad com la prestación del servicio público de aseo urbano. Se concluye que la recolección selectiva solidaria junto com la Economía Solidaria pueden fortalecer social y económicamente los vínculos entre el ser humano y el trabajo, y pueden propiciar praxis y plantear reflexiones epistemológicas que sirvan como alternativas al actual escenario científico-tecnológico, sociopolítico y económico.No Brasil, o Decreto Federal nº 5.940/06 institui a separação dos resíduos sólidos recicláveis gerados pelos órgãos públicos federais, entre os quais se encaixam as instituições de ensino superior, e sua destinação às associações e cooperativas de catadoras/es, numa prática chamada de coleta seletiva solidária. Neste sentido, este artigo, apresenta uma análise da coleta seletiva solidária sob uma ótica que a propõe enquanto educação ambiental solidária que articula cultura, trabalho e política convergindo com os princípios defendidos no campo da Economia Solidária, tendo como base ações socioambientais e educativas desenvolvidas em instituições federais de ensino superior. A estratégia metodológica envolveu dados de uma pesquisa de mestrado em associação à pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados mostram que programas institucionais de coleta seletiva solidária podem, por meio de suas ações, articular teórico-praticamente Educação Ambiental com Economia Solidária e produzir conhecimento de qualidade com prestação de serviço público em limpeza urbana. Conclui-se que a coleta seletiva solidária juntamente à Economia Solidária pode fortalecer social e economicamente vínculos entre os seres humanos e o trabalho podendo fomentar práxis e suscitar reflexões epistemológicas que sirvam como alternativas para o atual cenário científico-tecnológico, sociopolítico e econômico

Increased physical activity and fitness above the 50th percentile prevents the institutionalization of elderly people: a cross-sectional pilot study.

Introduction Institutionalization in a nursing home restricts autonomy, most notably free will, free choice, and free action. Decreased physical activity and fitness are predictive of disability and dependence (Rikli & Jones, 2013; Tak, Kuiper, Chorus, & Hopman-Rock, 2014); however little is known about the impact of these factors on institutionalization. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the impact of physical activity and fitness and on the risk of elderly people without cognitive impairment become institutionalized. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 195 non-institutionalized (80.14.4yrs) and 186 institutionalized (83.85.2yrs) participants. Cognitive impairment was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination, physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and measures of physical fitness were determined by the Senior Fitness Test. Results: Multivariate binary logistic analysis selected 4 main predictors of institutionalization in both genders. The likelihood of becoming institutionalized increased by +18.6% for each additional year of age, while it decreased by -24.8% by each fewer kg/m2 in BMI, by -0.9% for each additional meter performed in the aerobic endurance test and by -2.0% for each additional 100MET-min/wk of physical activity expenditure (p<0.05). Values ≤50th percentile (age ≥81yrs, BMI≥26.7kg/m2, aerobic endurance ≤367.6m, and physical activity ≤693MET-min/wk) were computed using Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis as cut-offs discriminating institutionalized from non-institutionalized elderly people. Conclusion The performance of physical activity, allied to an improvement in physical fitness (mainly BMI and aerobic endurance) may prevent the institutionalization of elderly people without cognitive impairment only if they are above the 50th percentile; the following is highly recommend: expending ≥693MET-min/wk on physical activity, being ≤26.7kg/m2 on BMI, and being able to walk ≥367.6m in the aerobic endurance test, especially above the age of 80 years. The discovery of this trigger justifies the development of physical activity programs targeting the pointed cut-offs in old, and very old people. References Rikli, R., & Jones, C. (2013). Development and validation of criterion-referenced clinically relevant fitness standards for maintaining physical independence in later years. Gerontologist, 53, 255-267. Tak, E., Kuiper, R., Chorus, A., & Hopman-Rock, M. (2014). Prevention of onset and progression of basic ADL disability by physical activity in community dwelling older adults: a meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev, 12, 329-338

Increased physical activity and fitness above the 50th percentile avoid the threat of older adults becoming institutionalized: A cross-sectional pilot study.

Objective: To analyze the impact of physical fitness and physical activity on the threat of older adults without cognitive impairment becoming institutionalized. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 195 non-institutionalized (80.1±4.4yrs) and 186 institutionalized (83.8±5.2yrs) participants. Cognitive impairment was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination, measures of physical fitness were determined by the Senior Fitness Test, and physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: Multivariate binary logistic analysis selected 4 main determinants of institutionalization in both genders: the likelihood of becoming institutionalized increased by +18.6% for each additional year of age, while it decreased by -24.8% by each fewer kg/m2 in BMI, by -0.9% for each additional meter performed in the aerobic endurance test and by -2.0% for each additional 100MET-min/wk of physical activity expenditure (p<0.05). Values ≤50th percentile (age ≥81yrs, BMI ≥26.7kg/m2, aerobic endurance 367.6m, and physical activity 693MET-min/wk) were computed using Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis as cut-offs discriminating institutionalized from non-institutionalized older adults. Conclusions: The performance of physical activity, allied to an improvement in physical fitness (mainly BMI and aerobic endurance), may avoid the threat of institutionalization of older adults without cognitive impairment only if they are above the 50th percentile; the following is highly recommend: expending ≥693MET-min/wk on physical activity, being ≤26.7kg/m2 on BMI, and being able to walk ≥367.6m in the aerobic endurance test, especially above the age of 80 years. The discovery of this trigger justifies the development of physical activity programs targeting the pointed cut-offs in old, and very old adults

A cross-sectional study on physical and sedentary activity and health-related quality of life in institutionalized vs. non-institutionalized elderly

Aims: to compare the physical activity, sedentary activity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in institutionalized vs. non-institutionalized elderly, and to establish a pattern of relationship and prediction of physical and sedentary activity with physical and mental components of HRQoL. Methods: the sample consisted of 383 elderly with ≥ 75 years old (n=187 institutionalized and n=196 non-institutionalized). Were administered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) for evaluated the physical and sedentary activity and HRQoL. Also was used the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) as exclusion criteria for cognitive problems in the elderly. Results: differences between institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly were found in moderate-intensity activities and walking, a favour of non-institutionalized. The institutionalized elderly remain more minutes in sedentary activity. Also, were observed differences between both groups in physical component of HRQoL, a favour of non-institutionalized elderly. The mental component remained unchanged. The multivariate regression analyses showed that physical activity predicted the physical (8 to 12%) and mental (5 to 8%) components of HRQoL for institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly. Conclusions: non-institutionalized elderly were more physically active, spent less time in sedentary activity and showed better perception physical component of HRQoL that institutionalized elderly. An important and encouraging result of this study was that physical activity is a predictor of improved physical and mental component of HRQoL for institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly

Effects of respiratory muscle training on respiratory efficiency and health-related quality of life in sedentary women with fibromyalgia: a randomised controlled trial

Objectives: Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) is a complex disease that is mainly characterised by chronic pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances and may be precipitated or worsened by many stressors. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of respiratory muscle training (RMT) on respiratory efficiency and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in women with FM. Methods: A total of 30 women with FM were included in the intention to treat analyses: 15 were assigned to the RMT group and 15 to the control group. The intervention consisted of 12 weeks of RMT. The primary outcome was the change in pulmonary function assessed by global body plethysmography at 12 weeks compared with baseline. Secondary outcomes included changes of scores in HRQoL assessed by the Short Form 36 Health Survey-Portuguese version. Results: The maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) improved by 17.5% (p-value = .033), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) improved 21.6% (p-value = 0.045) and maximum occlusion pressure (P0.1 max) increased 27.7% (p-value = 0.007). HRQoL improved in the dimensions of physical function, physical role, bodily pain and vitality (p-value <0.05). Conclusions: RMT results in a significant improvement of respiratory efficiency and HRQoL after 12 weeks. RMT could be an effective therapy to enhance respiratory function and quality of life in women with FM