Paving the way for integrated STEAM-H education in agricultural product processing vocational high school

The increasing boundaries of agriculture and health disciplines in STEM to STEAM-H (Science, Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Mathematics, and Health) is an opportunity for the world of education to expand integration between disciplines for solving increasingly challenging and complex problems. The Agricultural Product Processing Program, one of the spectrums of vocational education in Indonesia that focuses on agriculture, is located in the STEAM-H area. Therefore, this study aims to explore cross-subject connections, essential concepts, and teacher beliefs to implement integrated learning. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through interviews and documents. Participants were teachers at SMK Agrotechnology Processing Agricultural Products in Ciamis, Indonesia. Descriptive analysis was carried out on the standard subject matter of agribusiness, mathematics, and science to obtain an overview of interdisciplinary connections in STEAM-H and the essential concepts within it. The findings of this study are that mathematics and science have a role in processing agricultural products subject, as indicated by the existence of conceptual connections in them. Concepts of processing products of agriculture become conceptual and contextual integrators of science and mathematics. The essential concepts of mathematics and science are either explicit or implicit, within or outside the secondary school curriculum set by the government. Based on the participants' beliefs, integrated STEAM-H in learning can be carried out at agribusiness vocational schools. This finding has implications for integrated STEAM-H learning planning that requires further research

The Effect of Botanical Insecticide Mixed Formulation from Piper aduncum Fruit and Tephrosia vogelli Leaf Against the Diversity of Soil Arthropods in Cabbage Plantation (Brassica oleracea L)

An arthropod is one of the critical animal groups in the agriculture ecosystem. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of botanical insecticide mixed with formulation from Piper aduncum fruit and Tephrosia vogelii leaf as well as their application intensity against the diversity of soil arthropods. The research was conducted in cabbage plantation regularly applied with pesticide using Randomized Block Design two factorial with 5 treatments and 3 duplications in three regions (Jorong Jambu Kaniki, Batipuh Atas, and Tanah Datar) from March to July 2017. The treatments included control, WP (wettable powder) botanical insecticide formulation, EC (Emulsifiable concentrate) botanical insecticides formulation, BT (Bacillus thuringiensis) formulation, and synthetic insecticide (chlorfenapyr). Soil arthropod samples were taken by pitfall trap at 75 points representing all treatments. The type of formulations and intensity of application affect the number of soil arthropods individuals. There is an interaction between formulations and intensity of application, enhancement on formulations application of WP, and EC tend to increase the number of soil arthropods individual. Otherwise, the use of synthetic insecticide significantly decreases the number of soil arthropod individuals. The application intensity did not affect the type of soil arthropods. Further identification of soil arthropod samples from the experimental field showed the diversity of soil arthropods is categorized as moderate (2,23–2,97), evenness is categorized medium to high (0,25-0,65), index similarity formulations are categorized high (0,923- 1,000), and index similarity intensity application in categorizing medium to high (0,667-1,000). Soil arthropods ware found in cabbage plantations consist of 3 classes: Arachnida (1 Order; 1 Family), Insecta (1 Order; 4 Family), Entoghnata (1 Order; 2 Family). Order Collembola, Family Onychiuridae dominated soil arthropods