Perencanaan Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) sebagai Instalasi Pengolahan Greywater di Kecamatan Rungkut Kota Surabaya

— Kecamatan Rungkut merupakan daerah yang mengalami perkembangan cukup pesat akibat berkembangnya sektor ekonomi. Perkembangan tersebut berimbas pada peningkatan jumlah penduduk yang berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan produksi air limbah domestik. Komposisi air limbah domestik sebesar 50-80% merupakan greywater. Sebagian besar masyarakat masih menyalurkan limbah greywater ke selokan yang berakibat pada pengendapan sludge sehingga mengurangi volume saluran serta pencemaran badan air ditandai dengan terjadinya peristiwa eutrofikasi. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan perencanaan instalasi pengolahan greywater di Kecamatan Rungkut. Pengolahan greywater yang direncanakan adalah unit Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR). Penggunaan ABR berdasarkan dengan pertimbangan kemudahan dalam operasional dan perawatan, aspek finansial serta ketersediaan lahan. Wilayah terlayani pada 3 kelurahan dengan penduduk terpadat yaitu Kelurahan Kedung Baruk, Penjaringan Sari, dan Rungkut Kidul. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, instalasi pengolahan greywater yang direncanakan berdimensi p x l x t sebesar 12,4 m x 2,3 m x 2,6 m. Biaya minimal yang dibutuhkan untuk membangun unit ABR adalah Rp. 142.000.000,- dan maksimal sebesar Rp. 149.000.000,- untuk tipikal pelayanan 100 KK. Biaya pembangunan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh lokasi peletakan yaitu di jalan atau lahan kosong

Researching the 'hard to reach'

This presentation was given as part of the Brunel Institute for Ageing Studies (BIAS) Annual Conference 2012 by Dr Akile Ahmet from the School of Health Sciences and Social Care at Brunel University. The 2nd annual conference was hosted at Brunel University on the 15th February 2012.This presentation was based on the work from a research project entitled 'Inter, intra-generational & transnational caring in minority communities' funded by the Leverhulme Trust. The duration of the project is 24 months and was awarded to the Principal Investigator, Christina Victor, Professor of Gerontology and Public Health in the School of Health Sciences and Social Care at Brunel University

Influenza A (H1N1) 2009: Impact on Frankfurt in due consideration of health care and public health

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In April 2009 a novel influenza A H1N1/2009 virus was identified in Mexico and in the United States which quickly spread around the world. Most of the countries established infection surveillance systems in order to track the number of (laboratory-confirmed) H1N1 cases, hospitalizations and deaths.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The impact of the emergence of the novel pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus on Frankfurt was statistically evaluated by the Health Protection Authority, City of Frankfurt am Main.</p> <p>Vaccination rates of the health care workers (HCWs) of the University Hospital Frankfurt were measured by the Occupational Health Service.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Although the virulence of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 seems to be comparable with seasonal influenza, a major patient load and wave of hospital admissions occurred in the summer of 2009.</p> <p>Even though the 2009 vaccination rate of the University Hospital Frankfurt (seasonal influenza [40.5%], swine flu [36.3%]) is better than the average annual uptake of influenza vaccine in the German health care system (approximately 22% for seasonal and 15% for swine flu), vaccination levels remain insufficient.</p> <p>However, physicians were significantly (p < 0.001) more likely to have been vaccinated against swine flu and seasonal influenza than nurses.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The outbreak of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in April 2009 provided a major challenge to health services around the world. Nosocomial transmission of H1N1/2009 has been documented. Present experience should be used to improve pandemic preparedness plans and vaccination programs ought to target as many HCWs as possible.</p

New technique for bunch shape flattening

A technique for increasing the bunching factor (Bf) is described. Typically in booster-type synchrotrons, it is important to reduce the transverse space-charge tune shift. One means to achieve this is to increase the ratio of average to peak longitudinal charge density. Essentially, the idea is to create hollow bunches by sweeping high-harmonic empty buckets into the particle beam prior to bunching and acceleration. Successful beam experiments are reported with supporting LONG1D simulation studies performed on the CERN PS Booster for both single and dual rf cases. The longitudinally hollow bunches also benefit the receiving ring during the double batch transfer where half of the PS has to wait 1.2 seconds at low energy for the second injection. A 15th harmonic rf system was used to form the empty buckets. Simulations show that for the single harmonic case, Bf is increased from 0.28 to 0.38, and for the dual harmonic one, Bf is increased from 0.45 to 0.55 (values at 100 MeV). The flattening technique has been tested successfully with the first harmonic to 1 GeV and to 100 MeV for dual harmonic acceleration

Outcome analysis of solitary osteochondromas of femur managed surgically: a series of 32 patients

Background: Osteochondroma is the commonest benign bone tumor in humans. This tumor may either be solitary or present as multiple lesions. Solitary osteochondromas are much more common. Femur is the single most common long bone involved followed by tibia and humerus. Osteochondromas may be either asymptomatic or may present as pain, pressure symptoms or functional impairment. Most of the symptomatic lesions need surgical excision.Methods: This was a prospective study which included 32 patients with solitary osteochondromas of femur, who were managed with surgical excision. Only the symptomatic cases were operated. Minimum follow-up period was 18 months after surgery.Results: This study involved 23 males (71.87%) and nine females (28.12%). 30 osteochondromas (93.75%) were located in the distal femoral metaphysis while as only two cases (6.25%) of proximal metaphyseal involvement were seen. The commonest indication for surgery was pain. Other indications included cosmetic causes, restricted joint movement, fracture of osteochondroma and paresthesia or numbness. The complications included post-operative hematoma formation which was seen in 2 patients (6.25%), infection which was seen in one patient (3.12%), post-operative hypoaesthesia in 2 patients (6.25%) and recurrence of the tumor occurred in one patient (3.12%).Conclusions: Surgical excision of the solitary symptomatic femoral osteochondromas is a rewarding and safe procedure with minimal complications.

Bose-Einstein correlations for Levy stable source distributions

The peak of the two-particle Bose-Einstein correlation functions has a very interesting structure. It is often believed to have a multivariate Gaussian form. We show here that for the class of stable distributions, characterized by the index of stability $0 < \alpha \le 2$, the peak has a stretched exponential shape. The Gaussian form corresponds then to the special case of $\alpha = 2$. We give examples for the Bose-Einstein correlation functions for univariate as well as multivariate stable distributions, and check the model against two-particle correlation data.Comment: 30 pages, 1 figure, an important misprint in former eqs. (37-38) and other minor misprints are corrected, citations update

Factors Associated with Physical Activity Increases and Decreases Among a Sample of Appalachian Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) can prevent and reduce the deleterious physical and mental health effects of COVID-19 and associated lockdowns. Research conducted early in the pandemic demonstrates that a greater proportion of adults in the U.S. have decreased than increased PA, and the effects vary by sociodemographic factors. Ongoing evidence is important to identify patterns in PA changes during the pandemic. Purpose: This study aims to identify factors associated with increases and decreases in PA during the COVID-19 pandemic in a convenience sample of adults residing in Appalachia. Methods: Surveys were collected from a convenience sample of adults from eight counties in West Virginia from January to March 2021. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify sociodemographic, health, and rurality factors associated with (1) increased PA and (2) decreased PA during the pandemic, assessed retrospectively via self-report. Results: Analysis of 1,401 survey responses revealed that better self-rated health, lower body mass index, and higher income and education were associated with a greater likelihood of more time spent doing PA during the pandemic (p ≤ .05). Respondents with lower self-rated health, higher body mass index, lower income, and lower levels of education—plus females and those living in a more urban county—were more likely to spend less time doing PA during the pandemic (p ≤ .05). Implications: Analyses suggest that pre-pandemic disparities in PA by health, wealth, and education were exacerbated during the pandemic. These must be addressed before physical inactivity and ill health become endemic to the Appalachian Region

Liquid crystals in focus

Liquid Crystal lenses may be used for imaging or projection systems, in portable devices and vision correction in head-mounted devices. There are many types of LC lenses with tunable focal length, but only few have achieved practical importance, due to their small size or due to their limited focusing capability. The three most important classes of LC lenses with variable focus are lenses with curved surfaces, flat gradient index lenses and composite lenses. Fresnel lenses, included in flat gradient lenses, achieve better aperture size (1-2 cm) in thin cells and fast response, but they are on-off lenses or they have a complicated multilevel electrode structures to achieve different focal power. In this work we present a novel approach to make tunable LC Fresnel lenses, with a very simple electrode structure