The Role of Parental Self-Efficacy, Hardiness, Parenting Stress In Predicting Parenting Behaviors

Given that there is a link between parenting practices and child developmental outcomes, it is important to explore the existence of variables that may influence the success of implementing parenting practices. Therefore, the current study aimed to understand how parental cognitions influence parenting practices by exploring the mediational influence of parenting stress. Parenting self-efficacy is an important cognitive variable to study as it has been related to positive parenting practices (Coleman & Karraker, 1997; Jones & Prinz, 2005) and considered a reliable predictor of parenting stress (Raikes & Thompson, 2005). Hardiness is also an important cognitive variable to examine as it is related to lower levels of psychological distress (Beasley, Thompson, & Davidson, 2002), and positively related to adjustment and well-being (Maddi, Brow, Khoshaba, & Vaitkus, 2006; Orr & Westman, 1990). While hardiness has not been directly linked to parenting practices, it has been negatively associated with stress in nonparent populations, therefore it is hypothesized that it may also be positively associated with parenting practices and negatively related to parenting stress. Given that there is some evidence that suggests that parenting stress serves as a mediator between parenting variables (i.e., social support and depressive symptomology) and parenting practices (Bonds, Gondoli, Sturge-Apple, & Salem, , 2002; Gerdes, Hoza, Arnold, Pelham, Swanson, Wigal,& Jenson ., 2007), the current study examined a model of parenting that explores the mediational role of parenting stress in the relationships between parental cognitions (parenting self-efficacy and hardiness) and parenting behaviors. Results demonstrated that parenting stress partially mediated the relationships between the parental cognitions, hardiness and parenting self-efficacy, and parenting practices. Also, results demonstrated that the mediation model significantly differed across parent gender as predicted

Investigating Performance and Usage of Input Methods for Soft Keyboard Hotkeys

Touch-based devices, despite their mainstream availability, do not support a unified and efficient command selection mechanism, available on every platform and application. We advocate that hotkeys, conventionally used as a shortcut mechanism on desktop computers, could be generalized as a command selection mechanism for touch-based devices, even for keyboard-less applications. In this paper, we investigate the performance and usage of soft keyboard shortcuts or hotkeys (abbreviated SoftCuts) through two studies comparing different input methods across sitting, standing and walking conditions. Our results suggest that SoftCuts not only are appreciated by participants but also support rapid command selection with different devices and hand configurations. We also did not find evidence that walking deters their performance when using the Once input method.Comment: 17+2 pages, published at Mobile HCI 202

Mothers’ work–family conflict and enrichment:associations with parenting quality and couple relationship

Background Employment participation of mothers of young children has steadily increased in developed nations. Combining work and family roles can create conflicts with family life, but can also bring enrichment.Work–family conflict and enrichment experienced by mothers may also impact children’s home environments via parenting behaviour and the couple relationship, particularly in the early years of parenting when the care demands for young children is high. Methods In order to examine these associations, while adjusting for a wide range of known covariates of parenting and relationship quality, regression models using survey data from 2151 working mothers of 4- to 5-year-old children are reported. Results/Conclusion Results provided partial support for the predicted independent relationships between work–family conflict, enrichment and indicators of the quality of parenting and the couple relationship

Parental stress and life satisfaction: a comparative study of social services users and nonusers from a gender perspective

The psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Parental Stress Scale (PSS) scale have not been verified on the Spanish population. Similarly, the literature on gender differences and parental stress is inconclusive, and there is little evidence of their relationship with life satisfaction. To analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the PSS scale, (2) to examine possible gender differences, and (3) to study the relationship between parental stress (PS) and parental rewards (PR) and satisfaction with life (SWL) attending to the possible moderating effect of gender. These objectives were examined in samples comprising Social Services Users (SSU) (N = 525; 78.3% female; Mage = 38.3) and non-SSU users (N = 421; 41.1% male; Mage = 37.08). A CFA corroborated a two-factor structure: PS and PR. In the SSU sample, mothers showed higher PS and lower PR. However, PR was also higher in mothers from the non-SSU sample compared to fathers. PR and PS were directly related to SWL in the SSU sample. However, gender moderated the relationship between PR and SWL in the non-SSU sample in the case of mothers. The results are discussed considering gender roles and the characteristics of both samples

Phospholipase C-beta 1 Hypofunction in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is characterized by various abnormal symptoms. Previous studies indicate decreased expression of phospholipase c-beta 1 (PLc-beta 1) in the brains of patients with schizophrenia. PLC-beta 1 -null (PLC-beta 1) mice exhibit multiple endophenotypes of schizophrenia. Furthermore, a study of PLC beta 1 knockdown in the medial prefrontal cortex of mice has shown a specific behavioral deficit, impaired working memory. These results support the notion that disruption of PLC-beta 1-linked signaling in the brain is strongly involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this review, we broadly investigate recent studies regarding schizophrenia-related behaviors as well as their various clinical and biological correlates in PLC-beta 1- and knockdown mouse models. This will provide a better understanding of the pathological relevance of the altered expression of PLC p1 in the brains of patients with schizophrenia. Evidence accumulated will shed light on future in-depth studies, possibly in human subjects.1341scopu

Maternal Employment and Dietary Quality of Children Aged 42-60 Months

(From the Summary): Abbreviated Maternal employment is becoming more the usual than an exception. Employment can be beneficial for mothers, providing satisfaction and increasing self-esteem. On the other hand, it can be stressful juggling between the roles of employee and mother. Other family members might help ease some of the burden, but mothers still bear most of the responsibility of child care and household responsibilities. Working mothers have less time to spend on food and nutrition. In most cases, the diets of children whose mothers are employed do not differ from children of mothers who are not employed, but this subject has not been extensively examined. The purpose of this literature review on maternal employment and dietary quality of children was to explore reasons why mothers choose or do not choose employment, how maternal employment impacts family members including children, and how the dietary quality of children whose mothers are employed compares to children of nonworking mothers. Women\u27s participation in the workforce has steadily increased and this increase will likely affect the lives of children. The final chapter of this thesis will describe the dietary quality of children of employed and unemployed mothers over a year and a half time period. This study was designed to determine differences in nutrient intakes, dietary variety, and eating occasions away from home of children with employed mothers compared to children of unemployed mothers

The B-G News May 1, 1953

The BGSU campus student newspaper May 1, 1953. Volume 37 - Issue 48https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/bg-news/2124/thumbnail.jp