ANDROID BASED HOME AUTOMATION AND ENERGY CONSERVATION

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of three main components: nodes, gateways, and software. The spatially distributed measurement nodes interface with sensors to monitor assets or their environment. In a WSN network the devices are connected to WSN nodes wherein the entire nodes uses Zigbee network to transfer the status of connected applications to a controller which controls the whole applications but the main drawback of Wireless sensor networks is its high interference, low coverage area and ability to control only low power devices. In order to overcome these drawbacks Android equipped devices are used to control the applications over GPRS network. Android equipped devices allow the user to control various applications over wireless networks. Being an open sourced platform it allows the user to design a custom module which controls the home applications by connecting the android equipped device and its corresponding home applications to an MCU wherein it uses relay circuits to connect the entire applications using GPRS network to connect the application controller and the android device. These devices can be used to control industrial applications, home applications like light, fan etc., and thereby conserving electricity

Comparative evaluation of remaining dentin thickness with three different rotary Ni-Ti File systems: an in vitro CBCT study

Background: Endodontic therapy and its success depend on effective cleaning and shaping the root canal without deviating from the original anatomy. Ideally, during root canal preparation, the instruments should always confine to and retain the original shape of the canal to maximize the cleaning effectiveness and minimize unnecessary weakening of tooth structure to achieve the optimal result. The remaining dentin thickness in endodontically treated teeth is a significant factor, which is responsible for its longevity. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the remaining dentin thickness after instrumentation with ProTaper Next (PTN), TruNatomy (TN), and Neohybrid (NH) file systems using cone-beam computed tomography. Materials and methods: Thirty extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars were decoronated and divided into three experimental groups with ten in each. Groups I, II, and III were assigned to the file systems ProTaper Next (PTN), TruNatomy (TN), and Neohybrid (NH), respectively. Cone-beam computed tomographic pre-scans were taken, followed by the biomechanical preparation with the respective file systems. Post CBCT scans were taken and compared with pre-scans for remaining dentin thickness. The data obtained were statistically analyzed. Results: Among the three file systems, TruNatomy rotary files resulted in significantly less dentin removal (p<0.05). The majority of the intergroup comparisons showed significant differences in remaining dentin thickness after biomechanical preparation at 3, 6, and 9mm. Conclusion: TruNatomy (TN) exhibited the maximum remaining dentin thickness followed by Neohybrid (NH) and comparatively minimum with ProTaper Next (PTN) file systems

Importance of tyrosine residues of Bacillus stearothermophilus serine hydroxymethyltransferase in cofactor binding and L-allo-Thr cleavage

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) from Bacillus stearothermophilus (bsSHMT) is a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyses the conversion of L-serine and tetrahydrofolate to glycine and 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate. In addition, the enzyme catalyses the tetrahydrofolate-independent cleavage of 3-hydroxy amino acids and transamination. In this article, we have examined the mechanism of the tetrahydrofolate-independent cleavage of 3-hydroxy amino acids by SHMT. The three-dimensional structure and biochemical properties of Y51F and Y61A bsSHMTs and their complexes with substrates, especially L-allo-Thr, show that the cleavage of 3-hydroxy amino acids could proceed via Cα proton abstraction rather than hydroxyl proton removal. Both mutations result in a complete loss of tetrahydrofolate-dependent and tetrahydrofolate-independent activities. The mutation of Y51 to F strongly affects the binding of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, possibly as a consequence of a change in the orientation of the phenyl ring in Y51F bsSHMT. The mutant enzyme could be completely reconstituted with pyridoxal 5′-phosphate. However, there was an alteration in the λmax value of the internal aldimine (396 nm), a decrease in the rate of reduction with NaCNBH3 and a loss of the intermediate in the interaction with methoxyamine (MA). The mutation of Y61 to A results in the loss of interaction with Cα and Cβ of the substrates. X-Ray structure and visible CD studies show that the mutant is capable of forming an external aldimine. However, the formation of the quinonoid intermediate is hindered. It is suggested that Y61 is involved in the abstraction of the Cα proton from 3-hydroxy amino acids. A new mechanism for the cleavage of 3-hydroxy amino acids via Cα proton abstraction by SHMT is proposed

Enhancing seismic design of non-structural components implementing artificial intelligence approach: Predicting component dynamic amplification factors

The seismic performance of non-structural components (NSCs) has been the focus of intensive study during the last few decades. Modern building codes define design forces on components using too simple relationships. The component accelerates faster than the floor acceleration to which it is connected. Therefore, component dynamic amplification factors (CDAFs) are calculated in this work to quantify the amplification in the acceleration of NSCs for the various damping ratios and tuning ratios of the NSC, and the primary structural periods. From the analysis results, it was observed that CDAF peaks are either underestimated or overestimated by the code-based formulae. A prediction model to ascertain the CDAFs was also developed using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Following that, the suggested model is contrasted with the established relationships from the past research. The ANN model's coefficient of correlation (R) was 0.97. Hence, using an ANN algorithm reduces the necessity of laborious and complex analysis. ©2023 The author(s)

Correlations between capnographic waveforms and peak flow meter measurement in emergency department management of asthma

BACKGROUND The usual method for initial assessment of an acute asthma attack in the emergency room includes the use of peak flow measurement and clinical parameters. Both methods have their own disadvantages such as poor cooperation/effort from patients (peak flow meter) and lack of objective assessment (clinical parameters). We were looking into other methods for the initial asthma assessment, namely the use of capnography. The normal capnogram has an almost square wave pattern comprising phase 1, slope phase 2, plateau phase 3, phase 4 and angle alpha (between slopes 2 and 3). The changes in asthma include decrease in slope of phase 2, increase in slope 3 and opening of angle alpha. AIMS Our objective was to compare and assess the correlation between the changes in capnographic indices and peak flow measurement in non-intubated acute asthmatic patients attending the emergency room. METHODS We carried out a prospective study in a university hospital emergency department (ED). One hundred and twenty eight patients with acute asthma were monitored with peak flow measurements and then had a nasal cannula attached for microstream sampling of expired carbon dioxide. The capnographic waveform was recorded onto a PC card for indices analysis. The patients were treated according to departmental protocols. After treatment, when they were adjudged well for discharge, a second set of results was obtained for peak flow measurements and capnographic waveform recording. The pre-treatment and post-treatment results were then compared with paired samples t-test analysis. Simple and canonical correlations were performed to determine correlations between the assessment methods. A p value of below 0.05 was taken to be significant. RESULTS Peak flow measurements showed significant improvements post-treatment (p < 0.001). On the capnographic waveform, there was a significant difference in the slope of phase 3 (p < 0.001) and alpha angle (p < 0.001), but not in phase 2 slope (p = 0.35). Correlation studies done between the assessment methods and indices readings did not show strong correlations either between the measurements or the magnitude of change pre-treatment and post-treatment. CONCLUSION Peak flow measurements and capnographic waveform indices can indicate improvements in airway diameter in acute asthmatics in the ED. Even though the two assessment methods did not correlate statistically, capnographic waveform analysis presents several advantages in that it is effort independent and provides continuous monitoring of normal tidal respiration. They can be proposed for the monitoring of asthmatics in the ED

A high-precision interpolation method for pulsed radio signals from cosmic-ray air showers

Analysis of radio signals from cosmic-ray induced air showers has been shown to be a reliable method to extract shower parameters such as primary energy and depth of shower maximum. The required detailed air shower simulations take 1 to 3 days of CPU time per shower for a few hundred antennas. With nearly $60,000$ antennas envisioned to be used for air shower studies at the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), simulating all of these would come at unreasonable costs. We present an interpolation algorithm to reconstruct the full pulse time series at any position in the radio footprint, from a set of antennas simulated on a polar grid. Relying on Fourier series representations and cubic splines, it significantly improves on existing linear methods. We show that simulating about 200 antennas is sufficient for high-precision analysis in the SKA era, including e.g. interferometry which relies on accurate pulse shapes and timings. We therefore propose the interpolation algorithm and its implementation as a useful extension of radio simulation codes, to limit computational effort while retaining accuracy.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures. Submitted for publication in JINST (Journal of Instrumentation