9 research outputs found

    Mother-to-child HIV transmission and its correlates in India: systematic review and meta-analysis

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    BACKGROUND: In India, preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains one of the foremost challenge in community health. Countrywide MTCT of HIV is estimated to be > 10,000 annually. Aims of present study are to find out the prevalence of HIV and correlates of HIV transmission among children given birth by HIV infected mother through systematic review along with meta-analysis. METHODS: All avaiable articles are retrieved using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, EMBASE, Google Scholar and PUBMED following guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) are applied to critically reviewing the selected articles. STATA 13.0 is used to preparation of forest plot for Meta-analysis. For assessment of heterogeneity and publication biases I2 statistics along with Begg and Mazumdar's test and Egger's tests are used. Odds ratio (OR) along with forest plots have been showing with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: All together 10 studies including 1537 pairs of mothers and new births are assessed in present meta-analysis. Present analysis revealed the prevalence of HIV due to MTCT in India as 8.76% (95% CI; 5.76, 12.31). Analysis of subgroups exhibit a higher pooled prevalence in eastern region of India, 10.83% (95% CI: 5.9, 17.81) and lower in in Western region in India, 6.37% (95% CI: 4.65, 8.49). Status of MTCT before and after initiation of universal ART are 10.23% (95% CI 6.61, 14.55) and 7.93% (95% CI 4.18, 12.76) respectively. Associated factors with MTCT of HIV include absence of maternal prevention of MTCT intervention, OR = 10.82 (95% CI: 5.28, 22.17), lacking in administration of infant ARV (antiretroviral), OR = 8.21 (95% CI: 4.82, 14.0) and absence of medical facility during childbirth OR = 3.73 (95% CI: 1.67, 8.33). CONCLUSIONS: In India, pooled HIV prevalence of MTCT as high as 8.78% (95% CI; 5.76, 12.31) among babies born to infected mothers warrants urgent need of focused intervention for providing ART (PMTCT intervention), ensuring proper infant ARV prophylaxis, and avoiding delivery without proper medical facility to pregnant women with HIV for reduction of occurrence in HIV transmission from mothers to children

    Syndemic effect of COVID-19 outbreak on HIV care delivery around the globe: A systematic review using narrative synthesis

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    Background: The burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare systems worldwide has been compromising the progress made in the fight against HIV. This paper aims to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted HIV comprehensive care service delivery globally as well as to consolidate the evidence and recommendations that may be useful in averting future crisis. Methods: This review adheres to PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, DOAJ, Science Direct and other sources like Google Scholar and citations from included studies were searched methodically to locate studies evaluating the effects of COVID on services for HIV care. The NIH and JBI quality assessment tools were used for the quality assessment of individual studies. Results: In the present review 31 eligible studies were included and the impact on HIV care cascade were summarised under six themes: Lab services, Treatment and allied services, Counselling services, Outreach services, Psycho-social impact and Implementation of sustainable strategies. The studies also presented many innovative alternatives which were lucidly highlighted in the present article. Conclusion: Current evidence depicts multiple factors are responsible for the interruption of HIV care service delivery during the pandemic, especially in low resources settings. The prospective, alternative solutions that have been used to circumvent the threat have also been addressed in this review, in addition to the negative aspects that have been observed. Transition with new innovative, sustainable care paradigms may prove to be the building blocks in removing HIV-AIDS as a public health threat. Registration: Open Science Framework (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/74GHM)

    The Influence of Seasonal Variation on the Testosterone Hormone of Black Bengal Bucks (Capra aegagrus hircus)

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    The Black Bengal bucks of Indian sub-continent generally show a noted seasonal variation during in reproductive activity.India has a good number of Black Bengal goat populations, which has an important role in the lives of the goat rearers. The objective of thepresent study is to comprehendthe influence of seasonal variation on the testosterone hormone of Black Bengal bucks(Capra aegagrus hircus) in two different agro-climatic zones in India. The highest mean value oftemperature (42.6 ± 1.5 ºC) has been reported during the month of April or May in the season of pre-monsoonin Purulia. However, the lowest value of temperature (8.6 ± 0.9 ºC) has been reported during the month ofDecember or January in the season of post-monsoon again in Purulia.Serum testosterone was analyzed in blood samples collected once a week. It has been observed that, from January to April for both of the regions of Purulia and Nadia and the month May has the lowest serum testosterone level in Purulia (1. 22 ± 0. 18 ng/ml) and the serum testosterone levels stayed approximately the same from January to March in Purulia and more or less similar in Nadia.However, the serum testosterone level reached to its peak level in November in both the region Nadia (8.79 ± 1.3 ng/ml) and Purulia (6.59 ± 0.41ng/ml) respectively.It can also be presume that the early periods of the post-monsoon season can be taken as an alternate breeding seasons for Black Bengal breeds.<br

    Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): a systematic review for potential vaccines

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    COVID-19 is an international public health emergency in need of effective and safe vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. A systematic review has been done to analyze the availability, development and status of new COVID-19 vaccine candidates as well as the status of vaccines for other diseases that might be effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science and different trial registries were searched for currently available and probable future vaccines. Articles and ongoing clinical trials are included to ascertain the availability and developmental approaches of new vaccines that could limit the present and future outbreaks. Pharmaceutical companies and institutions are at different stages of developing new vaccines, and extensive studies and clinical trials are still required

    A Health GIS Based Approach to Portray the Influence of Ambient Temperature on Goat Health in Two Different Agro-Climatic Zones in West Bengal, India

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    <p>Abstract<br>The spatial and temporal distribution patterns of the livestock health status in the developing countries<br>like India are complex. In this regards, the application of Geographical Information System (GIS) is<br>valuable as it has many features that make it an ideal tool for use in animal health surveillance, monitoring,<br>prediction and its management strategy. The goal of the present study is to find out the effect of ambient<br>temperature on goat health in two different agro-climatic zones in West Bengal, India with the additional<br>help of GIS technology. The highest mean value of temperature (42.6 ± 1.5 ºC) has been reported during<br>the month of April or May in the season of pre-monsoon in Purulia. Survey of India (SOI) topographical<br>sheets (73 I/3 and 79 B/5) are used to map the study areas. Top sheets are scanned, geo-referenced and<br>then digitized with the help of GIS software. The biochemical and meteorological data are entered to the<br>newly prepared digitized map as the non-spatial data or attributes. Moreover, the present work aims to<br>confer an indication of the potential applications and usages of a GIS in the field of animal health for<br>advancing the knowledge about this innovative approach of goat heath surveillance and monitoring.<br>Keywords: Goats; GIS; Pre-Monsoon; Post-Monsoon; Purulia; Nadia.</p

    Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): a systematic review for potential vaccines

    No full text
    COVID-19 is an international public health emergency in need of effective and safe vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. A systematic review has been done to analyze the availability, development and status of new COVID-19 vaccine candidates as well as the status of vaccines for other diseases that might be effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science and different trial registries were searched for currently available and probable future vaccines. Articles and ongoing clinical trials are included to ascertain the availability and developmental approaches of new vaccines that could limit the present and future outbreaks. Pharmaceutical companies and institutions are at different stages of developing new vaccines, and extensive studies and clinical trials are still required

    The Influence of Ambient Temperature on Thyroid Activity, Erythrocytic Indices and Some Biochemical Parameters of Black Bengal Goats (Capra aegagrus hircus)

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    <p>Abstract<br>India has a good number of Black Bengal goat populations, which has an significant role in the lives<br>of local goat rearers. The aim of the present study is to find out the effects of changing seasons on thyroid activity, erithrocytic indices and some biochemical parameters of Black Bengal goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) in the presently studied agro-climatic zone in India. The highest mean value of temperature (42.6 ± 1.5 ºC) has been reported during the month of April and May in the season of pre-monsoon. However, the lowest value of temperature (8.6 ± 0.9 ºC) has been reported during the month of December and January in the season of post-monsoon. The parameter studied here are T3 and T4 hormones as well as blood pH, blood glucose level, concentration of Hb, RBC count, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC. Data has analyzed for the effect of seasonal variation and the current findings implies that seasonal variation plays the major role to influence the thyroid activity, erythrocytic indices as well as biochemical parameters of Black Bengal Goats.<br>Keywords: Goats; Pre-monsoon; Post-monsoon; Purulia.</p

    Sexually transmitted infections among key populations in India: A protocol for systematic review.

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    BackgroundSexually transmitted infections (STIs) are one of the leading causes of health, and economic burdens in the developing world, leading to considerable morbidity, mortality, and stigma. The incidence and prevalence of the four curable STIs viz. syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis vary remarkably across different geographical locations. In India, the prevalence of four curable STI among general populations is in between 0 to 3.9 percent. However, it is assumed that STI prevalence is much higher among subpopulations practicing high-risk behaviour. Like men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender (TG), injecting drug users (IDU), and female sex workers (FSW).ObjectivesIn the present circumstances, a systematic review is necessary to integrate the available data from previously published peer-reviewed articles and published reports from several competent authorities to provide the prevalence and geographical distribution of the four curable STIs among the key population of India.MethodsAll available articles will be retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane database, Scopus, Science Direct, and the Global Health network using the appropriate search terms. The data will be extracted through data extraction form as per PICOS (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study design) framework. Risk of bias and quality assessment will be performed according to the situation with the help of available conventional protocol.DiscussionThe future systematic review, generated from the present protocol, may provide evidence of the prevalence and geographical distribution of the four curable STIs among the key population of India. We hope that the findings of the future systematic review will strengthen the existing surveillance system in India, to determine the above-mention STIs prevalence among key populations in India. Protocol registration number: International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD42022346470
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