PRODUCTION OF ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT FROM FUNGI ISOLATED FROM PHARMACEUTICAL SOIL SAMPLE BY FERMENTATION UNDER OPTIMIZED CONDITIONS

Objective: This study aimed to isolate fungi having antibacterial activity from pharmaceutical site soil sample and production of antibacterial agents by solid and submerged state fermentation under optimized conditions. Antibacterial activity of laboratory isolated and produced antibacterial agent was compared with other commercialized antibiotics to check the efficiency of laboratory produced antibacterial agent. Methods: For isolation and characterization of fungal isolates American Public Health Association standard was followed. Antibacterial activity was determined using disc diffusion and agar disc diffusion method. Results: On the basis of morphological and microscopic characteristics six fungal isolates belongs to four different genus species, i.e., Aspergillus sp. (F1, F2, F3), Penicillium sp. (F4), Rhizopus sp. (F5), and Fusarium sp. (F6), and they were tested against six bacterial isolates, i.e., Streptococcus sp. (B1), Bacillus sp. (B2), Staphylococcus sp. (B3), Bacillus sp. (B4), Bacillus sp. (B5), and Enterococcus sp. (B6). Except B4 all bacterial isolates growth were inhibited by fungal isolates. Under optimized conditions maximum zone of inhibition, i.e., 78 mm against B1 and B5 shown by F1 and F6 at 2% and 1% glucose concentration, respectively, at 10 pH. When comparison was made between commercialized antibiotics and lab produced antibacterial agents, it was observed lab produced antibacterial agent was more efficient in terms of zone of inhibition. Conclusion: Lab isolated and produced antibacterial agents were more efficient than commercialized antibiotics. This study demonstrated that lab isolated antibacterial agents isolated from six fungal isolates seems to be a stable and potent antibacterial and can be used as alternative to expensive commercialized antibiotics.Â

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PROFILING OF DAIRY WASTEWATER DEGRADING NATIVE EFFICIENT MICROBIAL ISOLATES

Objective: The objective of this study is to make sure biotreatment process used for treatment of dairy wastewater (DWW) is safe for human and its surrounding environment; microbes were evaluated for their antibiotic resistance profile against commonly prescribed antibiotics. Methods: Microbes were isolated using spread plating and streaking method and used to treat DWW. Reduction in organic load in DWW was determined by comparing physicochemical parameters (PCP) of DWW before and after treatment process. After selection of efficient microbial isolates, they were evaluated for their antibiotic resistance profile using antibiotic disc diffusion method. Results: In this work, 53 microbes were isolated from DWW, and these microbial isolates were screened for DWW degradation capacity by analyzing PCP. Four microbial isolates E3, E5, E11 (bacterial isolates) and F5 (fungal isolate) showed highest reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and dissolved oxygen (DO) were selected for profound degradation of DWW under optimized conditions. Efficient four microbial isolates individually performed better under anaerobic conditions by showing maximum reduction 84%, 75%, and 77% in COD, BOD, and DO, respectively. After 72 hrs of antibiotic susceptibility testing, E3 strain had shown 100%, E5 90%, E11 70%, and F5 80% susceptibility to antibiotics. Conclusion: The present study concluded that four microbial isolates had the potential of reducing the organic load of DWW along with lessor or negligible adverse effect on human or its surrounding environment and they appear to be most promising strains for treatment of DWW.Â

Rejuvenating bone marrow hematopoietic reserve prevents regeneration failure and hepatic decompensation in animal model of cirrhosis

Background and aimBone marrow stem cells (BM-SCs) and their progeny play a central role in tissue repair and regeneration. In patients with chronic liver failure, bone marrow (BM) reserve is severally compromised and they showed marked defects in the resolution of injury and infection, leading to liver failure and the onset of decompensation. Whether BM failure is the cause or consequence of liver failure during cirrhosis is not known. In this study, we aimed to determine the underlying relationship between BM failure and regeneration failure in cirrhosis.MethodologyC57Bl/6(J) mice were used to develop chronic liver injury through intra-peritoneal administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 15 weeks (0.1-0.5 ml/kg). Animals were sacrificed to study the transition of cirrhosis and BM defects. To restore the BM-SC reserve; healthy BM cells were infused via intra-BM infusion and assessed for changes in liver injury, regeneration, and BM-SC reserve.ResultsUsing a CCl4-induced animal - model of cirrhosis, we showed the loss of BM-SCs reserve occurred before regeneration failure and the onset of non-acute decompensation. Intra-BM infusion of healthy BM cells induced the repopulation of native hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in cirrhotic BM. Restoring BM-HSCs reserve augments liver macrophage-mediated clearance of infection and inflammation dampens neutrophil-mediated inflammation, accelerates fibrosis regression, enhances hepatocyte proliferation, and delays the onset of non-acute decompensation.ConclusionThese findings suggest that loss of BM-HSCs reserve underlies the compromised innate immune function of the liver, drives regeneration failure, and the onset of non-acute decompensation. We further provide the proof-of-concept that rejuvenating BM-HSC reserve can serve as a potential therapeutic approach for preventing regeneration failure and transition to decompensated cirrhosis

Not Available

Not AvailablepotatoNot Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailablepotatoNot Availabl

Teledermatology Services during COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience of a Tertiary Care center in Western India

Background: Telemedicine has emerged as an important tool in providing patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, we aimed to study the clinico-epidemiological profile of patients seen in the teledermatology outpatient department (OPD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: Retrospective data analysis of records of patients, who consulted in telemedicine OPD from 20 April 2020 to 5 Feb 2021 was done. Results: Out of 2524 patients registered for teledermatology consultation, 2117 completed the process of teleconsultation. The mean age of patients was 35.59 ± 15.60 years. There was a male preponderance with 1372 (64.81%) patients while females were 745 (35.19%). 1773 (83.75%) patients were managed on telemedicine alone and 344 (17.42%) patients required face to face physical consultation. The most common disorder was dermatophytosis seen in 316 (17.82%) followed by hair disorders like androgenetic alopecia and telogen effluvium in 239 (13.48%), acne in 238 (13.42%) and dermatitis in 196 (11.05%). Blood investigations were advised in 365 (17.24%) patients and skin biopsy was advised in 23 (1.09%) patients. The major causes for incomplete teleconsultation procedure were no response to telephone calls in 207 (8.2%), 76 (3.01%) patients had taken a prior consultation and 60 (2.37%) patients didn't give consent for teleconsultation. Conclusion: Common dermatological diseases like tinea, acne, hair disorders and dermatitis can be managed on telemedicine alone. In India, there are fewer dermatologists per population, therefore telemedicine can be continued even after the pandemic is over in cases where diagnoses and treatment are straight forward

Kaleidoscopic View of Bowel Tuberculosis on Multi- Detector Computed Tomography (CT) Enterography – A Novel Technique Unfolding an Archaic Disease

Gastrointestinal tuberculosis (GI TB) is an important manifestation of abdominal tuberculosis (TB), an extra-pulmonary form of the disease. GI TB commonly affects the small bowel but is difficult to diagnose due to the challenge of evaluating the entire length of overlapping small bowel loops with traditional diagnostic methods like Barium meal follow through, abdominal computed tomography (CT), and endoscopy. New techniques of CT/MR enteroclysis/enterography are now available which specifically image the small bowel. MDCT enterography (MDCTE) is a non-invasive, simple to perform, modified abdominal CT imaging technique permitting reasonably accurate evaluation of the small bowel lumen, wall, perienteric tissues, and solid organs within the abdomen. As GI TB can cause morphological alterations in and around the small bowel, MDCTE seems to be an attractive modality for patients suspected of abdominal or GI TB. As scarce literature is available on MDCTE on tuberculosis, we present a pictorial review on MDCTE findings in patients with GI tuberculosis proved on FNAC and clinical and/or imaging follow-up

Not Available

Not AvailableTemperature is one of the most significant factors affecting potato yield. Night temperature beyond 18 e22 C drastically reduces tuber formation, constraining potato cultivation in tropics and subtropics. Identification of genes and pathways affected by high temperature is crucial for developing thermo tolerant cultivars for these regions. In the present study, two cultivars with contrasting tuberization behavior at night temperatures (24 C) were selected for gene expression analysis using a customized microarray chip representing 39,031 potato genes. A total of 2500 genes were differentially expressed on 21 d and 4096 genes on 14 d after stress. Gene ontology and pathway analysis provided insights into the probable biological processes and pathways governing tuberization at elevated temperature. Pathway maps were constructed to graphically represent the gene expression patterns. Genes associated with photosynthesis, hormonal activity, sugar transporters and transcription factors were differentially expressed. The results are presented and discussed in terms of tuberization at high temperature. The effect of high temperature on expression of genes controlling tuberization was also analyzed. This study provided useful information on potato tuberization at elevated temperature and make available a framework for further investigations into heat stress in potato.Not Availabl