Evaluation of HCMM data for assessing soil moisture and water table depth

Soil moisture in the 0-cm to 4-cm layer could be estimated with 1-mm soil temperatures throughout the growing season of a rainfed barley crop in eastern South Dakota. Empirical equations were developed to reduce the effect of canopy cover when radiometrically estimating the soil temperature. Corrective equations were applied to an aircraft simulation of HCMM data for a diversity of crop types and land cover conditions to estimate the soil moisture. The average difference between observed and measured soil moisture was 1.6% of field capacity. Shallow alluvial aquifers were located with HCMM predawn data. After correcting the data for vegetation differences, equations were developed for predicting water table depths within the aquifer. A finite difference code simulating soil moisture and soil temperature shows that soils with different moisture profiles differed in soil temperatures in a well defined functional manner. A significant surface thermal anomaly was found to be associated with shallow water tables

Evaluation of HCMM data for assessing soil moisture and water table depth

Data were analyzed for variations in eastern South Dakota. Soil moisture in the 0-4 cm layer could be estimated with 1-mm soil temperatures throughout the growing season of a rainfed barley crop (% cover ranging from 30% to 90%) with an r squared = 0.81. Empirical equations were developed to reduce the effect of canopy cover when radiometrically estimating the 1-mm soil temperature, r squared = 0.88. The corrective equations were applied to an aircraft simulation of HCMM data for a diversity of crop types and land cover conditions to estimate the 0-4 cm soil moisture. The average difference between observed and measured soil moisture was 1.6% of field capacity. HCMM data were used to estimate the soil moisture for four dates with an r squared = 0.55 after correction for crop conditions. Location of shallow alluvial aquifers could be accomplished with HCMM predawn data. After correction of HCMM day data for vegetation differences, equations were developed for predicting water table depths within the aquifer (r=0.8)

Artifacts with uneven sampling of red noise

The vast majority of sampling systems operate in a standard way: at each tick of a fixed-frequency master clock a digitizer reads out a voltage that corresponds to the value of some physical quantity and translates it into a bit pattern that is either transmitted, stored, or processed right away. Thus signal sampling at evenly spaced time intervals is the rule: however this is not always the case, and uneven sampling is sometimes unavoidable. While periodic or quasi-periodic uneven sampling of a deterministic signal can reasonably be expected to produce artifacts, it is much less obvious that the same happens with noise: here I show that this is indeed the case only for long-memory noise processes, i.e., power-law noises $1/f^\alpha$ with $\alpha > 2$. The resulting artifacts are usually a nuisance although they can be eliminated with a proper processing of the signal samples, but they could also be turned to advantage and used to encode information.Comment: 5 figure

Tunable Fano Resonances in Transport through Microwave Billiards

We present a tunable microwave scattering device that allows the controlled variation of Fano line shape parameters in transmission through quantum billiards. Transport in this device is nearly fully coherent. By comparison with quantum calculations, employing the modular recursive Green's-function method, the scattering wave function and the degree of residual decoherence can be determined. The parametric variation of Fano line shapes in terms of interacting resonances is analyzed.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Statistical hadronization of heavy flavor quarks in elementary collisions: successes and failures

We analyze recently compiled data on the production of open heavy flavor hadrons and quarkonia in e+e- as well as pp and p-nucleus collisions in terms of the statistical hadronization model. Within this approach the production of open heavy flavor hadrons is well described with parameters deduced from a thermal analysis of light flavor hadron production. In contrast, quarkonium production in such collisions cannot be described in this framework. We point out the relevance of this finding for our understanding of quarkonium production in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures; v2: final version as accepted in Phys. Lett. B (updated figures and references

Canonical Statistical Model and hadron production in e+e−e^+e^- annihilations

We discuss the production of hadrons in $e^+e^-$ collisions at $\sqrt s=91$ GeV. We address the question wether the particle yields measured in the final states are consistent with the statistical model predictions. In the model formulation we account for exact conservation of all relevant quantum numbers using the canonical description of the partition function. Within our model the validity of the thermodynamical approach to quantify particle production in $e^+e^-$ annihilations is not obvious

Surface x-ray-diffraction study of the Rh(111)+(2×2)−3CO structure

We have studied the geometry of the high-coverage Rh(111)+(2×2)−3CO structure by surface x-ray diffraction. Analysis of the in-plane data set reveals three evenly separated CO molecules per (2×2) unit cell. The evaluation of the crystal truncation rods shows that one CO molecule resides in an on-top site while the other two CO molecules occupy hollow sites. The intensity modulations of the out-of-plane fractional order rods provide geometrical information about distances between the C and O atoms and on the buckling of the CO overlayer

Heavy quark(onium) at LHC: the statistical hadronization case

We discuss the production of charmonium in nuclear collisions within the framework of the statistical hadronization model. We demonstrate that the model reproduces very well the availble data at RHIC. We provide predictions for the LHC energy where, dependently on the charm production cross section, a dramatically different behaviour of charmonium production as a function of centrality might be expected. We discuss also the case in elementary collisions, where clearly the statistical model does not reproduce the measurements.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures; proceeding of SQM09, Buzios, Brazil, to be published in J. Phys.

The canonical partition function for relativistic hadron gases

Particle production in high-energy collisions is often addressed within the framework of the thermal (statistical) model. We present a method to calculate the canonical partition function for the hadron resonance gas with exact conservation of the baryon number, strangeness, electric charge, charmness and bottomness. We derive an analytical expression for the partition function which is represented as series of Bessel functions. Our results can be used directly to analyze particle production yields in elementary and in heavy ion collisions. We also quantify the importance of quantum statistics in the calculations of the light particle multiplicities in the canonical thermal model of the hadron resonance gas.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures; submitted for publication in EPJ

Tidal evolution of exo-planetary systems: WASP-50, GJ 1214 and CoRoT-7

We perform numerical simulations to investigate tidal evolution of two single-planet systems, that is, WASP-50 and GJ 1214 and a two-planet system CoRoT-7. The results of orbital evolution show that tidal decay and circularization may play a significant role in shaping their final orbits, which is related to the initial orbital data in the simulations. For GJ 1214 system, different cases of initial eccentricity are also considered as only an upper limit of its eccentricity (0.27) is shown, and the outcome suggests a possible maximum initial eccentricity (0.4) in the adopted dynamical model. Moreover, additional runs with alternative values of dissipation factor $Q^\prime_1$ are carried out to explore tidal evolution for GJ 1214b, and these results further indicate that the real $Q^\prime_1$ of GJ 1214b may be much larger than its typical value, which may reasonably suggest that GJ 1214b bears a present-day larger eccentricity, undergoing tidal circularization at a slow rate. For the CoRoT-7 system, tidal forces make two planets migrating towards their host star as well as producing tidal circularization, and in this process tidal effects and mutual gravitational interactions are coupled with each other. Various scenarios of the initial eccentricity of the outer planet have also been done to investigate final planetary configuration. Tidal decay arising from stellar tides may still work for each system as the eccentricity decreases to zero, and this is in association with the remaining lifetime of each planet used to predict its future.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in "SCIENCE CHINA Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy