14C ages of 10 Yamato and Allan Hills meteorites

Carbon was extracted from 1g samples of ten Antarctic chondrites, using stepwise heating. The evolved CO_2 was collected at 1000℃, melt and remelt. The ^C concentrations were measured at the Isotrace AMS facility and were compared with the zero-age ^C concentration of the Bruderheim (L6) chondrite. The Allan Hills meteorite ALH-77231 (L6) yielded a terrestrial age, not corrected for in situ production, of 30ka. The uncorrected terrestrial ages of the 9 Yamato meteorites Y-74014 (H6), Y-74097 (Dio), Y-74191 (L3), Y-75271 (L5), Y-790448 (LL3), Y-791500 (H3), Y-791630 (L4), Y-791717 (C3) and Y-74647 (H5) showed a wide range from 500a to 30ka

14C terrestrial ages of nine Antarctic meteorites using CO and CO2 temperature extractions

As a continuation of the work reported in R. P. BEUKENS et al. (Proc. NIPR Symp. Antarct. Meteorites, 1,224,1988), a suite of Yamato and Trans-Antarctic Mountains meteorites have been analyzed for their ^C content, to give an estimate of their terrestrial age. Further information on the samples\u27 terrestrial history may be obtained from analysis of separate carbon species evolved at different temperatures. We report on data obtained from CO and CO_2 separations from a low temperature (500℃ to 900℃) and high temperature (≈1600℃) fraction from each sample. Three Allan Hills meteorites, ALH-77232 (H4), ALH-78112 (L6) and ALH-78130 (L6), give terrestrial ages >29000 years, and probably represent limit ages due to in situ production. Three other Trans-Antarctic meteorites, BTN-78002 (L6), MET-78028 (L6) and RKP-78002 (H4), give finite ^C ages between 15000 and 27000 years. Three Yamato meteorites, Y-8011 (L6), Y-81132 (H5) and Y-82095 (L3), give ages between 16000 and 22000 years. The low temperature components indicate that recent weathering and atmospheric exchange has taken place for at least four (and possibly six) of the meteorites; ALH-78112,ALH-78130 and Y-81132 have low temperature activities that suggest an earlier exposure and weathering

Une occupation de la fin du Dernier Maximum Glaciaire dans les Pyrénées : le Magdalénien inférieur de la grotte des Scilles (Lespugue, Haute-Garonne)

International audienceThe excavations by R. and S. Saint-Périer at the Grotte des Scilles (Lespugue, Haute-Garonne, France) in 1923-1924 yielded archaeological material attributed to the Magdalenian. The re-examination of this old collection now allows a more precise characterization of it, in light of recent research on this period. This article presents the different artefact types found (lithic and osseous tools, faunal remains, personal ornaments, portable art items and one sandstone lamp) in order to consider all activities documented at the site. Particular attention is given to typological and technological data, the analyses of which point to a Lower Magdalenian chronological attribution. A SMA 14C date shows that occupation took place around 16,000 years BP (19,400 years cal BP) at the Grotte des Scilles. The identification, for the first time, of a Lower Magdalenian presence in the Pyrenees raises new questions concerning Magdalenian occupation at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum in southwestern France and northern Spain.Les fouilles menées par R. et S. Saint-Périer dans les années 1920 à la grotte des Scilles (Lespugue, Haute-Garonne) ont livré un ensemble de vestiges attribués au Magdalénien. L'étude de cette collection ancienne offre désormais la possibilité de préciser cette caractérisation à la lumière de travaux récents sur cette période. La présentation des différentes catégories de vestiges (industries lithique et osseuse, faune, parure, art mobilier et lampe) permet d'appréhender l'ensemble des registres d'activités documentés sur le site. En particulier, cet article présente les éléments typo-technologiques qui fournissent des arguments pour rattacher l'occupation de cette cavité au Magdalénien inférieur. Une date 14C par SMA situe cette période autour de 16 000 BP (19 400 cal BP) à la grotte des Scilles. La mise en évidence de ce premier jalon pyrénéen conduit ensuite les auteurs à discuter du peuplement magdalénien à la fin du dernier maximum glaciaire dans le sud-ouest de la France et le nord de l'Espagne

Hannibal's trek across the alps: Geomorphological Analysis of sites of geoarchaeological interest

International audienceA ~2200 year-old question related to Hannibal's invasion route across the Alps into Italia, has been argued by classicists without recovery of material evidence. A comparison of topographical descriptions in the ancient literature with environmental parameters in the Alps, attempted here for the first time, provides a database against which various pathways can be assessed. Identification of sites using geological, geomorphological, astronomical, chemical and petrological methods leads to the exclusion of certain transit points and targeting of others where geoarchaeological excavation might yield important evidence related to the military culture of ancient Carthage

Biological/Biomedical Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Targets. 1. Optimizing the CO2 Reduction Step Using Zinc Dust

Biological and biomedical applications of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) use isotope ratio mass spectrometry to quantify minute amounts of long-lived radioisotopes such as 14C. AMS target preparation involves first the oxidation of carbon (in sample of interest) to CO2 and second the reduction of CO2 to filamentous, fluffy, fuzzy, or firm graphite-like substances that coat a −400-mesh spherical iron powder (−400MSIP) catalyst. Until now, the quality of AMS targets has been variable; consequently, they often failed to produce robust ion currents that are required for reliable, accurate, precise, and high-throughput AMS for biological/biomedical applications. Therefore, we described our optimized method for reduction of CO2 to high-quality uniform AMS targets whose morphology we visualized using scanning electron microscope pictures. Key features of our optimized method were to reduce CO2 (from a sample of interest that provided 1 mg of C) using 100 ± 1.3 mg of Zn dust, 5 ± 0.4 mg of −400MSIP, and a reduction temperature of 500 °C for 3 h. The thermodynamics of our optimized method were more favorable for production of graphite-coated iron powders (GCIP) than those of previous methods. All AMS targets from our optimized method were of 100% GCIP, the graphitization yield exceeded 90%, and δ13C was −17.9 ± 0.3‰. The GCIP reliably produced strong 12C− currents and accurate and precise Fm values. The observed Fm value for oxalic acid II NIST SRM deviated from its accepted Fm value of 1.3407 by only 0.0003 ± 0.0027 (mean ± SE, n = 32), limit of detection of 14C was 0.04 amol, and limit of quantification was 0.07 amol, and a skilled analyst can prepare as many as 270 AMS targets per day. More information on the physical (hardness/color), morphological (SEMs), and structural (FT-IR, Raman, XRD spectra) characteristics of our AMS targets that determine accurate, precise, and high-hroughput AMS measurement are in the companion paper

High-Precision Intercomparison at IsoTrace

From the International Workshop on Intercomparison of Radiocarbon Laboratories.I conducted a high-precision comparison at the 0.2% to 0.3% level with samples supplied by the radiocarbon laboratory of the Quaternary Research Center at the University of Washington (QRC). Four samples with ages ranging from modern to > 50,000 BP were dated in a blind test. The absence of cosmic-radiation background in AMS dating is a major advantage for dating samples > 35,000 BP. The reliability of AMS dates > 35,000 BP depends entirely on understanding the contamination processes. By comparing results with laboratories capable of sample enrichment, such as QRC, it is possible to identify and estimate the intrinsic 14C in the background samples as well as the contamination introduced by sample preparation.This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between Radiocarbon and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Radiocarbon archives are made available by Radiocarbon and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform February 202

Sampling Iron for Radiocarbon Dating: Influence of Modern Steel Tools on 14

Before the 17th century, charcoal was regularly used in the production of iron (smelting and forging) and some of this charcoal carbon was incorporated into the iron. Depending on the age of the wood used to produce the charcoal, the age of the carbon incorporated in the iron lattice can reflect the age of manufacture of the iron artifacts. A reliable preparation method allowing for the routine dating of iron artifacts would permit the dating of numerous objects for which now the age can only be estimated. In an earlier work (Hls et al. 2004), we tested the extraction of carbon from iron samples by closed-tube combustion. The samples were cut in small pieces to ease the release of the carbon from the lattice. During the tests, it became clear that the steel tools used to cut the samples can add contamination at the surface. As modern steel is made using coal, this leads to erroneously old ages. We have tested ways to reduce or eliminate this surface contamination from the sampling tools using iron artifacts of known ages. In order to quantify the contamination, we produced standard test materials from pure iron (99.998% Fe) melted with carbon of known 14C content and prepared samples using different cutting tools. The results of these tests indicate that the proper choice of cutting technique and tool, combined with an additional cleaning of the freshly cut surface, reduces sample contaminations to low levels; measured sample 14C concentrations are close to the 14C content of the charcoal used to produce these standard iron samples.The Radiocarbon archives are made available by Radiocarbon and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform February 202