35 research outputs found
Dynamics of erythroid progenitors and erythroleukemia
International audienceThe paper is devoted to mathematical modelling of erythropoiesis, production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. We discuss intra-cellular regulatory networks which determine self-renewal and differentiation of erythroid progenitors. In the case of excessive self-renewal, immature cells can fill the bone marrow resulting in the development of leukemia. We introduce a parameter characterizing the strength of mutation. Depending on its value, leukemia will or will not develop. The simplest model of treatment of acute myeloid leukemia with chemotherapy allows us to determine the conditions of successful treatment or of its failure. We show that insufficient treatment can worsen the situation. In some cases curing may not be possible even without resistance to treatment. Modelling presented in this work is based on ordinary differential equations, reaction-diffusion systems and individual based approach
Neural network-based coronary dominance classification of RCA angiograms
Background. Cardiac dominance classification is essential for SYNTAX score
estimation, which is a tool used to determine the complexity of coronary artery
disease and guide patient selection toward optimal revascularization strategy.
Objectives. Cardiac dominance classification algorithm based on the analysis of
right coronary artery (RCA) angiograms using neural network Method. We employed
convolutional neural network ConvNext and Swin transformer for 2D image
(frames) classification, along with a majority vote for cardio angiographic
view classification. An auxiliary network was also used to detect irrelevant
images which were then excluded from the data set. Our data set consisted of
828 angiographic studies, 192 of them being patients with left dominance.
Results. 5-fold cross validation gave the following dominance classification
metrics (p=95%): macro recall=93.1%, accuracy=93.5%, macro F1=89.2%. The most
common case in which the model regularly failed was RCA occlusion, as it
requires utilization of LCA information. Another cause for false prediction is
a small diameter combined with poor quality cardio angiographic view. In such
cases, cardiac dominance classification can be complex and may require
discussion among specialists to reach an accurate conclusion. Conclusion. The
use of machine learning approaches to classify cardiac dominance based on RCA
alone has been shown to be successful with satisfactory accuracy. However, for
higher accuracy, it is necessary to utilize LCA information in the case of an
occluded RCA and detect cases where there is high uncertainty
Multi-Agent Systems and Blood Cell Formation
International audienceThe objective of this chapter is to give an insight of the mathematical modellng of hematopoiesis using multi-agent systems. Several questions may arise then: what is hematopoiesis and why is it interesting to study this problem from a mathematical point of view? Has the multi-agent system approach been the only attempt done until now? What does it bring more than other techniques? What were the results obtained? What is there left to do
Ethno-pharmacological review on the wild edible medicinal plant, Lilium martagon L
Purpose: Martagon lily (Lilium martagon L.) is used in Eastern traditional medicine for wound healing and treatment of toothache. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the chemical, botanical, ethnological, pharmacological, and pharmacognostic aspects of L. martagon, with a view to facilitating further in-depth pharmaceutical studies on the potentials of the plant as a herbal remedy.
Methods: Diverse electronic search engines and specialized reference tools such as Google, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, scientific literature, publishing sites and electronic databases (Pubmed, Springer, Wiley and Science Direct) were used for data retrieval. The data focused on botany, traditional uses, biological activities and phytochemistry of L. martagon, with emphasis on integration of this plant in official medicare.
Results: Lilium martagon possesses anti-inflammatory, sedative, anticancer, analgesic and hemostatic properties. Some modern techniques (in vitro propagation, genetic manipulation and advanced molecular biology techniques) have been applied in L. martagon biotechnology, with respect to major plant diseases and genetic variation issues.
Conclusion: Lilium martagon L contains different groups of biologically-active substances, amongst which are pyrroline derivatives and steroidal saponins. These may justify the usage of this plant and its subspecies in the traditional treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases
Внутрисосудистые ультразвуковые исследования у пациентов с пограничными поражениями ствола левой коронарной артерии по данным ангиографии
According to the current guidelines the left main disease with stenosis >50% by coronary angiography (CAG) is the indication for revascularization. However, the limitations of CAG in estimation of left main coronary artery lesions are well known. Purpose. To compare the results of CAG and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in patients with angiographically intermediate left main coronary artery lesions (Согласно действующим рекомендациям, показанием к реваскуляризации ствола левой коронарной артерии (ЛКА) является стенозирование 50% его просвета и более по данным коронарной ангиографии (КАГ). Однако ограничения КАГ в оценке поражений ствола ЛКА известны. Цель исследования: сравнить результаты КАГ и внутрисосудистого ультразвукового исследования (ВСУЗИ) у пациентов с ангиографически незначимыми поражениями
Age-Related Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mechanical Reperfusion and 30-Day Mortality for STEMI : Results of the ISACS-STEMI COVID-19 Registry
Background: The constraints in the management of patients with ST-segment elevation
myocardial infarction (STEMI) during the COVID-19 pandemic have been suggested to have severely
impacted mortality levels. The aim of the current analysis is to evaluate the age-related effects of
the COVID-19 pandemic on mechanical reperfusion and 30-day mortality for STEMI within the
registry ISACS-STEMI COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective multicenter registry was performed
in high-volume PPCI centers on four continents and included STEMI patients undergoing PPCI
in March–June 2019 and 2020. Patients were divided according to age (< or ≥75 years). The main
outcomes were the incidence and timing of PPCI, (ischemia time longer than 12 h and door-to-balloon
longer than 30 min), and in-hospital or 30-day mortality. Results: We included 16,683 patients
undergoing PPCI in 109 centers. In 2020, during the pandemic, there was a significant reduction in
PPCI as compared to 2019 (IRR 0.843 (95%-CI: 0.825–0.861, p < 0.0001). We found a significant agerelated reduction (7%, p = 0.015), with a larger effect on elderly than on younger patients. Furthermore,
we observed significantly higher 30-day mortality during the pandemic period, especially among the
elderly (13.6% vs. 17.9%, adjusted HR (95% CI) = 1.55 [1.24–1.93], p < 0.001) as compared to younger
patients (4.8% vs. 5.7%; adjusted HR (95% CI) = 1.25 [1.05–1.49], p = 0.013), as a potential consequence
of the significantly longer ischemia time observed during the pandemic. Conclusions: The COVID-19
pandemic had a significant impact on the treatment of patients with STEMI, with a 16% reduction in
PPCI procedures, with a larger reduction and a longer delay to treatment among elderly patients,
which may have contributed to increase in-hospital and 30-day mortality during the pandemic
Age-Related Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mechanical Reperfusion and 30-Day Mortality for STEMI: Results of the ISACS-STEMI COVID-19 Registry
Background: The constraints in the management of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) during the COVID-19 pandemic have been suggested to have severely impacted mortality levels. The aim of the current analysis is to evaluate the age-related effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mechanical reperfusion and 30-day mortality for STEMI within the registry ISACS-STEMI COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective multicenter registry was performed in high-volume PPCI centers on four continents and included STEMI patients undergoing PPCI in March-June 2019 and 2020. Patients were divided according to age (= 75 years). The main outcomes were the incidence and timing of PPCI, (ischemia time longer than 12 h and door-to-balloon longer than 30 min), and in-hospital or 30-day mortality. Results: We included 16,683 patients undergoing PPCI in 109 centers. In 2020, during the pandemic, there was a significant reduction in PPCI as compared to 2019 (IRR 0.843 (95%-CI: 0.825-0.861, p < 0.0001). We found a significant age-related reduction (7%, p = 0.015), with a larger effect on elderly than on younger patients. Furthermore, we observed significantly higher 30-day mortality during the pandemic period, especially among the elderly (13.6% vs. 17.9%, adjusted HR (95% CI) = 1.55 [1.24-1.93], p < 0.001) as compared to younger patients (4.8% vs. 5.7%; adjusted HR (95% CI) = 1.25 [1.05-1.49], p = 0.013), as a potential consequence of the significantly longer ischemia time observed during the pandemic. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the treatment of patients with STEMI, with a 16% reduction in PPCI procedures, with a larger reduction and a longer delay to treatment among elderly patients, which may have contributed to increase in-hospital and 30-day mortality during the pandemic
Gender Difference in the Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mechanical Reperfusion and 30-Day Mortality for STEMI: Results of the ISACS-STEMI COVID-19 Registry
Background. Several reports have demonstrated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on
the management and outcome of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
The aim of the current analysis is to investigate the potential gender difference in the effects of the
COVID-19 pandemic on mechanical reperfusion and 30-day mortality for STEMI patients within the
ISACS-STEMI COVID-19 Registry. Methods. This retrospective multicenter registry was performed
in high-volume primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) centers on four continents and
included STEMI patients undergoing PPCIs in March–June 2019 and 2020. Patients were divided
according to gender. The main outcomes were the incidence and timing of the PPCI, (ischemia time
≥ 12 h and door-to-balloon ≥ 30 min) and in-hospital or 30-day mortality. Results. We included
16683 STEMI patients undergoing PPCIs in 109 centers. In 2020 during the pandemic, there was a
significant reduction in PPCIs compared to 2019 (IRR 0.843 (95% CI: 0.825–0.861, p < 0.0001). We did
not find a significant gender difference in the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the numbers of
STEMI patients, which were similarly reduced from 2019 to 2020 in both groups, or in the mortality
rates. Compared to prepandemia, 30-day mortality was significantly higher during the pandemic
period among female (12.1% vs. 8.7%; adjusted HR [95% CI] = 1.66 [1.31–2.11], p < 0.001) but not
male patients (5.8% vs. 6.7%; adjusted HR [95% CI] = 1.14 [0.96–1.34], p = 0.12). Conclusions. The
COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the treatment of patients with STEMI, with a
16% reduction in PPCI procedures similarly observed in both genders. Furthermore, we observed
significantly increased in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates during the pandemic only among
females. Trial registration number: NCT 04412655