A History of the Evangelical Alliance: Pioneer in Christian Co-operation

This study is an attempt to trace the history of the Evangelical Alliance. I was introduced to the Alliance by the biography of Philip Schaff. It appeared that this was an interesting and unexplored area of Church history. The Evangelical Alliance has been overlooked by most popular historians of the ecumenical movement. The only work that presents a comprehensive study is the all-embracing history of the ecumenical movement by Ruth Rouse and Stephen C. Neill. Even the renowned Church historian Kenneth S. Latourette relies upon Rouse and Neill\u27 s work for the note he makes of the Alliance. I am convinced that this has been a loss to those participating in the ecumenical movement. The material on the Alliance is available and should be more widely used. Many of the new problems of unity discussions were also troublesome to the Alliance

Manual attitude control systems, volume II - Display format considerations

Flight simulation studies and manual attitude control maneuvers for display formats of spacecraft attitude dat

L’argot des maçons de La Forêt-Fouesnant

En janvier 1991, j’ai rencontré, à La Forêt-Fouesnant, des maçons retraités qui avaient utilisé dans leur vie professionnelle le « lagason » qui est un langage codifié destiné à communiquer sur un chantier sans être compris des personnes commandant les travaux. Les ouvriers entendaient être convenablement nourris et abreuvés sur leurs chantiers, sinon il s’ensuivait des représailles sur la qualité du travail fait.In January 1991, I met retired bricklayers in La Forêt-Fouesnant who had used the slang known as “lagason” in their working lives. This is a codified language used to communicate on a building site without being understood by the people in charge of the work. The workers wanted to be properly fed and watered on their sites, otherwise there would be reprisals on the quality of the work done

Le breton de Belle-Île-en-Mer, quelques caractéristiques

En 1987 et 1988, j’ai enquêté à Belle-Île-en-Mer sur des problèmes touchant au déclin de la langue bretonne dans cette localité, ainsi que sur le parler lui-même. Cette île a, en Bretagne, la réputation d’être depuis longtemps débretonnisée. Fort de cet a priori, je n’espérais récolter que quelques mots ou expressions dont les personnes âgées auraient pu se souvenir. J’ai donc pour ce faire, interrogé plusieurs dizaines de personnes dans les diverses parties de l’île. Il s’en est avéré que le breton est mort beaucoup plus tard qu’on ne croyait et qu’un tel travail effectué il y a une trentaine d’années aurait permis de bien mieux connaître ce dialecte très particulier.In 1987 and 1988 I investigated in Belle-Île-en-Mer problems concerning the decline of the Breton language in this locality, as well as the language itself. This island has, in Brittany, the reputation of having long been debretonated. With this in mind, I only hoped to collect a few words or expressions that the older people might have remembered. To do this, I interviewed several dozen people in various parts of the island. It turned out that Breton died much later than we thought and that such work carried out some thirty years ago would have allowed us to know this very particular dialect much better

Industry Perceptions of Government Interventions: Generating an Energy Efficiency Norm

The world has been grappling with energy efficiency for decades. Much attention has been focused on how government can encourage energy efficiency, but there has been essentially none on industry perspectives of which government interventions are necessary to encourage these actions to become the norm. We address this gap through a study of industry views as to which government interventions prompt corporate actors to adopt energy efficiency measures across three industries (building and construction, energy/utilities, and hospitality) in Canada and the United Kingdom. Our findings demonstrate that industry responses mirror recent literature on the need for a mixture of policy tools. Where our findings depart from this literature is that we find a strong endorsement of the use of information provision by government and antipathy towards the use of economic instruments to engender new norms of behaviour. This finding is particularly significant given that much of the literature focuses on the benefits of economic instruments in advancing sustainability goals. We also find the express norms found in command and control instruments are, in the views of industry actors, necessary to make a shift from energy efficiency actions being carried out only by leaders within industry to these actions becoming standard

Rethinking the Function of Financial Assurance for End-of-Life Obligations

This Article develops a new normative account of the function of financial assurance requirements (FARs) for end-of-life obligations in the energy sector. These obligations cover restoration of the site to its original condition or to a level that could accommodate another productive use once the energy project ends. FARs necessitate that operators evidence ability to pay for this. However, many FARs are failing across the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, posing serious implications for public funds and the environment and resulting in significant cost savings for operators that have the potential to distort trade. The authors argue that it is time to rethink FARs’ function, and that they ought to empower operators and regulators to discharge important legal responsibilities—or duties—ascribed to them prospectively. From the operator’s perspective, this is a duty to perform their end-of-life obligations. In contrast, the regulator’s duty is to protect the environment and human health by obtaining an appropriate guarantee from the operator that the works will be performed. The authors conclude that the empowering quality of FARs may be achieved most effectively through ensuring that fully funded capital reserves are “ring-fenced” from the claims of creditors prior to operations commencing

Effect of thermal treatment and storage on bioactive compounds, organic acids and antioxidant activity of baobab fruit (Adansonia digitata) pulp from Malawi

Bioactive compounds of baobab (Adansonia digitata) pulp from Malawi were investigated. The effect of thermal treatment and storage on selected quality attributes of the juice was also evaluated. Organic compounds were analysed by HPLC; total phenol content (TPC) and total antioxidant activity (FRAP, ABTS and DPPH) were measured by spectrophotometry. Malawi baobab pulp contains high levels of procyanidin B2 (533 ± 22.6 mg/100 g FW), vitamin C (AA + DHA) (466 ± 2.5 mg/100 g FW), gallic acid (68.5 ± 12.4 mg/100 g FW) and (−)-epicatechin (43.0 ± 3.0 mg/100 g FW) and showed a maximum TPC of 1.89 × 103 ± 1.61 mg GAE/100 g FW. The maximum antioxidant activity was 2.81 × 103 ± 92.8 mg TEAC/100 g FW for FRAP, 1.52 × 103 ± 17.1 mg TEAC/100 g FW for ABTS and 50.9 ± 0.43% DPPH for DPPH. Thermal pasteurisation (72 °C, 15 s) retained vitamin C which further showed extended half-life under refrigeration temperature (6 °C). Procyanidin B2, (−)-epicatechin, TPC and antioxidant activity fluctuated during storage. Antioxidant activity was significantly correlated (p ≤ 0.05) with bioactive compounds and TPC

Genomic structure and alternative splicing of murine R2B receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPκ, μ, ρ and PCP-2)

BACKGROUND: Four genes designated as PTPRK (PTPκ), PTPRL/U (PCP-2), PTPRM (PTPμ) and PTPRT (PTPρ) code for a subfamily (type R2B) of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) uniquely characterized by the presence of an N-terminal MAM domain. These transmembrane molecules have been implicated in homophilic cell adhesion. In the human, the PTPRK gene is located on chromosome 6, PTPRL/U on 1, PTPRM on 18 and PTPRT on 20. In the mouse, the four genes ptprk, ptprl, ptprm and ptprt are located in syntenic regions of chromosomes 10, 4, 17 and 2, respectively. RESULTS: The genomic organization of murine R2B RPTP genes is described. The four genes varied greatly in size ranging from ~64 kb to ~1 Mb, primarily due to proportional differences in intron lengths. Although there were also minor variations in exon length, the number of exons and the phases of exon/intron junctions were highly conserved. In situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probes was used to localize each of the four R2B transcripts to specific cell types within the murine central nervous system. Phylogenetic analysis of complete sequences indicated that PTPρ and PTPμ were most closely related, followed by PTPκ. The most distant family member was PCP-2. Alignment of RPTP polypeptide sequences predicted putative alternatively spliced exons. PCR experiments revealed that five of these exons were alternatively spliced, and that each of the four phosphatases incorporated them differently. The greatest variability in genomic organization and the majority of alternatively spliced exons were observed in the juxtamembrane domain, a region critical for the regulation of signal transduction. CONCLUSIONS: Comparison of the four R2B RPTP genes revealed virtually identical principles of genomic organization, despite great disparities in gene size due to variations in intron length. Although subtle differences in exon length were also observed, it is likely that functional differences among these genes arise from the specific combinations of exons generated by alternative splicing

Integrated management of ash from industrial and domestic combustion : a new sustainable approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from energy conversion

This work supports, for the first time, the integrated management of waste materials arising from industrial processes (fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration and coal fly ash), agriculture (rice husk ash), and domestic activities (ash from wood biomass burning in domestic stoves). The main novelty of the paper is the reuse of wood pellet ash, an underestimated environmental problem, by the application of a new technology (COSMOS-RICE) that already involves the reuse of fly ashes from industrial and agricultural origins. The reaction mechanism involves carbonation: this occurs at room temperature and promotes permanent carbon dioxide sequestration. The obtained samples were characterized using XRD and TGA (coupled with mass spectroscopy). This allowed quantification of the mass loss attributed to different calcium carbonate phases. In particular, samples stabilized using wood pellet ash show a weight loss, attributed to the decomposition of carbonates greater than 20%. In view of these results, it is possible to conclude that there are several environmental benefits from wood pellet ash reuse in this way. In particular, using this technology, it is shown that for wood pellet biomass the carbon dioxide conversion can be considered negative