Health-related quality of life among children with Turner syndrome: controlled cross-sectional study

International audienceBACKGROUND : The aim of the study was to assess health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in children with Turner syndrome in comparison with controls.METHODS : We prospectively recruited 16 female girls with Turner syndrome (mean age 15.2±2.6 years) and 78 female controls (mean age 12.7±2.8 years) in randomly selected schools. We used the PedsQL, a generic HR-QoL questionnaire (self and parents' versions).RESULTS : Global HR-QoL scores in Turner syndrome were lower than controls for self-reports (respectively, 74.3±3.0 vs. 82.8±1.3, p=0.01) and parents' reports (62.7±3.8 vs. 80.1±1.7, p<0.0001). In Turner syndrome, self-reported HR-QoL was impaired in school functioning (70.6±4.0 vs. 80.71±1.7, p=0.02), social functioning (78.2±4.0 vs. 90.4±1.8, p<0.01) and physical functioning (78.5±3.2 vs. 87.1±1.4, p=0.02), but not in emotional functioning. Parents' reported HR-QoL was impaired in all four dimensions.CONCLUSIONS : HR-QoL was impaired in this cohort of young females with Turner syndrome, as in previously reported adult studies. In addition to medical treatment and routine clinical follow-up, female girls and teenagers with Turner syndrome should also be supported psychologically by social, educational and psychotherapeutic interventions that aim to address their self-esteem and emotional difficulties

Rôle et régulation du recrutement de la myosine-II au cours de la morphogénèse épithéliale chez l'embryon de drosophile

Pendant ma thèse, j ai utilisé l allongement de la bandelette germinale de l embryon de drosophile comme modèle d étude de la morphogénèse épithéliale. Cet allongement repose sur un processus d intercalation cellulaire au cours duquel les cellules changent de voisines le long de l axe antéropostérieur de l embryon. J ai montré que pour s intercaler, les cellules remodèlent leurs jonctions adhérentes d une façon organisée et polarisée dans le plan de leur tissu. La Myosine-II est le moteur moléculaire qui orchestre ce remodelage polarisé : elle est enrichie de façon polarisée, spécifiquement au niveau des jonctions devant être remodelées. Un crible génétique de délétions m a permis d identifier un nouveau mécanisme contrôlant le recrutement de la Myo-II. Ce mécanisme est basé sur la régulation de l architecture du réseau des filaments d actine. La voie JAK/STAT et une voie encore inconnue contrôlant la polarité planaire utilisent ce mécanisme pour réguler le recrutement de la Myo-II.During my PhD, I have used drosophila germband extension as a model to study epithelial morphogenesis. This process relies on epithelial cell intercalation during which cells exchange neighbors along the anteroposterior axis of the embryo. I have shown that to intercalate, cells rearrange their adherens junctions in a highly organized and polarized pattern within the plane of the tissue. The Myosin-II molecular motor orchestrates this polarized remodeling. Myo-II is specifically enriched at the level of disassembling junctions. A deletion genetic screen has allowed me to identify a new mechanism controlling Myo-II recruitment. This mechanism is based on regulating the actin network organization. Using this mechanism, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and a still unknown planar polarity pathway control Myo-II recruitment during germband elongationAIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Sci.Luminy (130552106) / SudocSudocFranceF

Circadian rhythms in neuronal activity propagate through output circuits

International audienceTwenty-four hour rhythms in behavior are organized by a network of circadian pacemaker neurons. Rhythmic activity in this network is generated by intrinsic rhythms in clock neuron physiology and communication between clock neurons. However, it is poorly understood how the activity of a small number of pacemaker neurons is translated into rhythmic behavior of the whole animal. To understand this, we screened for signals that could identify circadian output circuits in Drosophila melanogaster. We found that leucokinin neuropeptide (LK) and its receptor (LK-R) were required for normal behavioral rhythms. This LK/LK-R circuit connects pacemaker neurons to brain areas that regulate locomotor activity and sleep. Our experiments revealed that pacemaker neurons impose rhythmic activity and excitability on LK- and LK-R-expressing neurons. We also found pacemaker neuron–dependent activity rhythms in a second circadian output pathway controlled by DH44 neuropeptide–expressing neurons. We conclude that rhythmic clock neuron activity propagates to multiple downstream circuits to orchestrate behavioral rhythms

Temporal Patterning of Neuroblasts Controls Notch-Mediated Cell Survival through Regulation of Hid or Reaper

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Neuroblasts contribute to oligodendrocytes generation upon demyelination in the adult mouse brain

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Neuroblasts contribute to oligodendrocytes generation upon demyelination in the adult mouse brain

International audienceHighlights NB can contribute to myelin repair by converting into oligodendrocytes NB fate conversion occurs gradually, through formation of an intermediate cell type NB fate conversion does not involve reversion toward a pluripotent state NB fate conversion seems to involve EMT-related mechanisms and metabolic change

Temporal patterning of Drosophila medulla neuroblasts controls neural fates

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Effect of endotracheal tube plus stylet versus endotracheal tube alone on successful first-attempt tracheal intubation among critically ill patients: the multicentre randomised STYLETO study protocol.

International audienceTracheal intubation is one of the most daily practiced procedures performed in intensive care unit (ICU). It is associated with severe life-threatening complications, which can lead to intubation-related cardiac arrest. Using a preshaped endotracheal tube plus stylet may have potential advantages over endotracheal tube without stylet. The stylet is a rigid but malleable introducer which fits inside the endotracheal tube and allows for manipulation of the tube shape; to facilitate passage of the tube through the laryngeal inlet. However, some complications from stylets have been reported including mucosal bleeding, perforation of the trachea or oesophagus and sore throat. The use of a stylet for first-attempt intubation has never been assessed in ICU and benefit remains to be established.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04079387; Pre-results

Development of Concurrent Retinotopic Maps in the Fly Motion Detection Circuit

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