Sensibilité des Populations D’Aedes Aegypti des Zones Héveicoles de Dabou (Sud de la Côte d’Ivoire) aux Organophosphorés, aux Pyréthrinoïdes et au Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis

L’expansion de l’hévéaculture entraine une forte modification de l’environnement en Côte d’Ivoire. Aussi, plusieurs épidémies de dengue et de fièvre jaune dues Aedes aegypti ont récemment été observées en Côte d’Ivoire. Le profil de sensibilité aux insecticides d’Aedes aegypti dans ces zones d’agriculture de masse nécessitant une main d’œuvre importante est mal connu. Cette étude a établi le profil de sensibilité d’Aedes aegypti dans les zones de cultures d’hévéa de Dabou afin de mieux planifier les mesures de lutte contre le vecteur majeur des d’arbovirus. Des larves d'Aedes aegypti ont été échantillonnées en janvier 2018 dans des plantations immatures et matures d’hévéa, ainsi que dans les villages environnants aux plantations d’hévéa dans le département de Dabou. Des tests larvicides (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis et téméphos) et adulticides (chlorpyriphos-méthyl 0.8%, malathion 0,1% et Fenitrithion 0,1%, perméthrine 0,75%, deltaméthrine 0,05%, lambdacyahalothrine 0,05%) en tube sur les générations F1 ont été réalisés conformément aux directives de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS). Les 3743 larves d’Aedes aegypti testées ont été toutes sensibles aux deux larvicides avec des LC50 comprises entre 7.10-3 mg/L et 9.10-3 mg/L pour le Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis et entre 6,5.10-2 mg/L et 1,2.10-1 mg/L pour le téméphos. Les LC95 respectives étaient comprises entre 2,1.10-2 mg/L et 2,4.10-2 mg/L et entre 6,5.10-2 mg/L et 1,2.10-1 mg/L. Aussi, 2400 Aedes aegypti adultes testés ont été tous sensibles aux organophosphorés (chlorpyriphos-méthyl 0.8%, malathion 0,1% et fenitrithion 0,1%) avec des mortalités comprises entre 98% et 100% et aux pyréthrinoïdes (perméthrine 0,75%, deltaméthrine 0,05%, lambdacyahalothrine 0,05%) avec des mortalités de 100%. L’étude a montré que les populations immatures et adultes d’Aedes aegypti des plantations d’hévéa et les villages environnants de la zone d’étude étaient sensibles au Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, aux organophosphorés et aux pyréthrinoïdes. The expansion of rubber cultivation is leading to a strong modification of the environment in Côte d'Ivoire. As a result, several outbreaks of dengue and yellow fever caused by Aedes aegypti have recently been observed in Côte d'Ivoire. The insecticide susceptibility profile of Aedes aegypti in these labourintensive mass farming areas is poorly known. This study established the susceptibility profile of Aedes aegypti in the rubber growing areas of Dabou in order to better plan control measures against the major arbovirus vector. Aedes aegypti larvae were sampled in January 2018 in immature and mature rubber plantations, as well as in the villages surrounding the rubber plantations in the Dabou department. Larvicidal (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and temephos) and adulticidal (chlorpyriphos-methyl 0.8%, malathion 0.1% and Fenitrithion 0.1%, permethrin 0.75%, deltamethrin 0.05%, lambdacyahalothrin 0.05%) tube tests on F1 generations were carried out in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. All 3743 Aedes aegypti larvae tested were sensitive to both larvicides with LC50 ranging from 7.10-3 mg/L to 9.10-3 mg/L for Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and from 6.5.10-2 mg/L to 1.2.10-1 mg/L for temephos. The respective LC95 were between 2.1.10-2 mg/L and 2.4.10-2 mg/L and between 6.5.10-2 mg/L and 1.2.10-1 mg/L. Also, 2400 adult Aedes aegypti tested were all sensitive to organophosphates (chlorpyrifos-methyl 0.8%, malathion 0.1% and fenitrithion 0.1%) with mortalities between 98% and 100% and to pyrethroids (permethrin 0.75%, deltamethrin 0.05%, lambdacyahalothrin 0.05%) with mortalities of 100%. The study showed that immature and adult populations of Aedes aegypti in rubber plantations and surrounding villages in the study area were susceptible to Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, organophosphates and pyrethroids

Phylogenomics of non-model ciliates based on transcriptomic analyses

© The Author(s) 2015. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited. The attached file is the published version of the article

Mastomys natalensis and Lassa Fever, West Africa

PCR screening of 1,482 murid rodents from 13 genera caught in 18 different localities of Guinea, West Africa, showed Lassa virus infection only in molecularly typed Mastomys natalensis. Distribution of this rodent and relative abundance compared with M. erythroleucus correlates geographically with Lassa virus seroprevalence in humans

Novel Arenavirus Sequences in Hylomyscus sp. and Mus (Nannomys) setulosus from Côte d'Ivoire: Implications for Evolution of Arenaviruses in Africa

This study aimed to identify new arenaviruses and gather insights in the evolution of arenaviruses in Africa. During 2003 through 2005, 1,228 small mammals representing 14 different genera were trapped in 9 villages in south, east, and middle west of Côte d'Ivoire. Specimens were screened by pan-Old World arenavirus RT-PCRs targeting S and L RNA segments as well as immunofluorescence assay. Sequences of two novel tentative species of the family Arenaviridae, Menekre and Gbagroube virus, were detected in Hylomyscus sp. and Mus (Nannomys) setulosus, respectively. Arenavirus infection of Mus (Nannomys) setulosus was also demonstrated by serological testing. Lassa virus was not found, although 60% of the captured animals were Mastomys natalensis. Complete S RNA and partial L RNA sequences of the novel viruses were recovered from the rodent specimens and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Gbagroube virus is a closely related sister taxon of Lassa virus, while Menekre virus clusters with the Ippy/Mobala/Mopeia virus complex. Reconstruction of possible virus–host co-phylogeny scenarios suggests that, within the African continent, signatures of co-evolution might have been obliterated by multiple host-switching events

The Gapped-Factor Tree

Abstract. We present a data structure to index a specific kind of factors, that is of substrings, called gapped-factors. A gapped-factor is a factor containing a gap that is ignored during the indexation. The data structure presented is based on the suffix tree and indexes all the gapped-factors of a text with a fixed size of gap, and only those. The construction of this data structure is done online in O(n × |Σ|) time and space, with n the length of the text and |Σ | the size of the alphabet. Such a data structure may play an important role in some pattern matching and motif inference problems, for instance in text filtration

Evolution of the Coordination-Sphere Symmetry in Copper(II), Nickel(II), and Zinc(II) Complexes with N,N `-Double-Armed Diaza-Crown Ethers: Experimental and Theoretical Approaches

International audienceN,N'-Bis(triazoly)diaza[18]crown-6 and Corresponding diaza[15]crown-5 ethers were synthesized by means of click chemistry. The interaction of these ligands with Ni-II, Cu-II, and Zn-II cations were studied by UV/Vis and H-1 and C-13 NNIR spectroscopy. The solid-state structure of Ni-II and Zu(II) complexes formed by the diaza[18]crown-6 ligand were determined by means of X-ray crystallography. The Ni-II complex is centrosyrnmetric; the geometry around the metal ion is slightly distorted octahedral whereby the equatorial sites were occupied by four N atoms, and the axial positions by two O atoms that come from the crown moiety. For the Zn'' diaza[18]crown-6 complex, an irregular octahedral coordination was observed whereby the metal ion is asymmetrically placed in the macrocyclic cavity. The equatorial plane is occupied by two N and two O atoms of the crown moiety, and to N atoms of the triazolyl motifs on the pendant arms occupy the axial positions. The diamagnetic character of the Zn'' ion allows its structural study in solution by NNIR spectroscopy. A dynamic beh avior was observed at room Lem- perEaure, which coriesporids to the displacement. ion between the bond end and the nonbond end of the macrocycle. This movement results in an S4-symmetrical structure in solution. Quantum chemical calculations at the DFT level have allowed us to interpret the experimental results observed in the solid state for the symmetry of the complexes in terms of covalent and noncovalent interactions, which favor the centrosymmetric and irre. gular octahedral coordination modes, respectively. Only the structure of the Cu-II complex with N,N'-bis(triazolyl)diazal[5]crown-5 ligand has been investigated in the solid state, for which a pentagonal bipyramidal coordination sphere was observed. This coordination geometry was confirmed in solution in MeCN by UV/Vis spectroscopy, and also for the Zn-II complex by NMR spectroscopy. In the case of the Ni-II complex, a structural modification was suggested in solution in MeCN based on the UV/Vis spectrum. The rearrangement of heptadentate coordination to hexadentate is propose