Divergência genética entre progênies de pupunheira quanto a caracteres de palmito.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a divergência genética de progênies de pupunheira, com base em variáveis agronômicas do palmito. O delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso foi utilizado em látice triplo 10x10, com 100 tratamentos (progênies) e três repetições. Foram feitas as seguintes avaliações: massa da base do palmito, produtividade do palmito de primeira e de segunda qualidade, número de plantas por parcela e diâmetro do palmito. A divergência genética foi estimada pela distância generalizada de Mahalanobis, como medida de dissimilaridade, e pelo método de otimização de Tocher e variáveis canônicas, na formação de grupos. As progênies formaram 26 grupos distintos. A variância acumulada pelas três primeiras variáveis canônicas foi de 75,12%. Planta por parcela e massa do palmito de segunda, indiretamente relacionada à massa do palmito de primeira, foram os caracteres mais importantes na discriminação das progênies, na primeira variável canônica (35,77%). A massa da base do palmito apresentou relação indireta com a produtividade do palmito de segunda e plantas por parcela, na segunda variável canônica (22.93%), e com a massa do palmito de primeira na terceira variável canônica (16,42%). Dezessete progênies de quatro grupos divergentes (G3, G5, G11 e G12) têm potencial para seleção quanto à produtividade de palmito no programa de melhoramento da pupunheira

Estimation of genetic parameters and selection of Coffea canephora progenies evaluated in Brazilian Western Amazon.

Coffee has emerged as an economic alternative culture in the State of Acre, Brazil, but without a clonal variety recommended for the state to overcome the unevenness presented by seed crops. Thus, in order to estimate genetic parameters and indicate progenies of Coffea canephora to compose a clonal variety for the State of Acre, yield, vegetative vigor and plant height were evaluated in five harvests of a randomized complete block experiment with 46 progenies, 4 repetitions and 10 plants per plot by mixed model methodology (REML/BLUP). The harvests were evaluated individually, by the model that considers one harvest, one location and the mean of progenies, and joint analysis (all harvests), by repeatability model with stability and temporal adaptability by the harmonic mean of relative performance of genotypic values method (MHPRVG), with genotypic values of progenies grouped by the Tocher method. There was variability, with possibility of selection, only for grain yield. The yield was strongly affected by production bienniality, with high environmental influence and harvests mean ranging from 14.13±4.60 to 46.20±14.94 bags ha-1 and individual heritabilities from 0.10 to 0.44. Sixteen ?Conilon? coffee progenies with selection gains above 23% were selected. The MHPRVG method allows the refinement of progeny selection throughout the harvests, identifying the most adapted and stable

Estimativas de repetibilidade de caracteres de produção em pupunheiras para palmito da raça putumayo.

O Brasil é o maior produtor e consumidor de palmito do mundo. Sua importância econômica traz a necessidade de estudos para subsidiar a seleção de indivíduos superiores para programas de melhoramento genético da espécie. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi determinar o coeficiente de repetibilidade das características de produção de pupunheira para palmito, de forma a estimar o número mínimo de avaliações capazes de proporcionar níveis de certeza da predição do valor real das progênies. Foram avaliados quatro ciclos de cultivo de 85 progênies de meios-irmãos de pupunheira da raça macrocarpa Putumayo. O experimento foi delineado em blocos ao acaso e avaliados: massa do tolete de base do palmito, massa do palmito de primeira e de segunda qualidade, número de toletes por perfilho, diâmetro do palmito e perfilhos por parcela. Foram realizadas as análises de variância, de componentes principais e estrutural para a determinação do coeficiente de repetibilidade e número de medições. Houve regularidade na predição da superioridade dos indivíduos ao longo das medições para todas as características avaliadas. São necessários sete ciclos de medições para predizer o valor real de todas as características analisadas das progênies, com acurácia de 85%, pelo método dos componentes principais, com base na matriz de variâncias e covariâncias fenotípicas

Desempenho de genótipos de mandioca no Baixo Acre e Juruá.

O objetivo geral desta publicação foi confrontar a produtividade da cultivar de mandioca BRS Ribeirinha, recomendada pela Embrapa Acre para a regional do Baixo Acre, com a produtividade de genótipos selecionados e amplamente cultivados pelas comunidades locais nas regiões do Baixo Acre sem correção e adubação do solo e do Juruá com e sem correção e adubação do solo.bitstream/item/221502/1/27096.pd

Programa de melhoramento genético de pupunha na Embrapa, IAC e INPA.

Estado da arte; Recursos genéticos; Estratégias de melhoramento; Desenvolvimento experimental.bitstream/item/30975/1/Doc205.pd

Attractant and Repellent Signaling Conformers of Sensory Rhodopsin−Transducer Complexes†

ABSTRACT: Attractant and repellent signaling conformers of the dual-signaling phototaxis receptor sensory rhodopsin I and its transducer subunit (SRI-HtrI) have recently been distinguished experimentally by the opposite connection of their retinylidene protonated Schiff bases to the outwardly located periplasmic side and inwardly located cytoplasmic side. Here we show that the pKa of the outwardly located Asp76 counterion in the outwardly connected conformer is lowered by ∼1.5 units from that of the inwardly connected conformer. The pK a difference enables quantitative determination of the relative amounts of the two conformers in wild-type cells and behavioral mutants prior to photoexcitation, comparison of their absorption spectra, and determination of their relative signaling efficiency. We have shown that the onephoton excitation of the SRI-HtrI attractant conformer causes a Schiff base connectivity switch from inwardly connected to outwardly connected states in the attractant signaling photoreaction. Conversely, a second near-UV photon drives the complex back to the inwardly connected conformer in the repellent signaling photoreaction. The results suggest a model of the color-discriminating dual-signaling mechanism in which phototaxis responses (his-kinase modulation) result from the photointerconversion of the two oppositely connected SRI-HtrI conformers by one-photon and two-photon activation. Furthermore, we find that the related repellent phototaxis SRII-HtrII receptor complex has an outwardly connecte

Requirements for Efficient Proteolytic Cleavage of Prelamin A by ZMPSTE24

The proteolytic maturation of the nuclear protein lamin A by the zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 is critical for human health. The lamin A precursor, prelamin A, undergoes a multi-step maturation process that includes CAAX processing (farnesylation, proteolysis and carboxylmethylation of the C-terminal CAAX motif), followed by ZMPSTE24-mediated cleavage of the last 15 amino acids, including the modified C-terminus. Failure to cleave the prelamin A "tail", due to mutations in either prelamin A or ZMPSTE24, results in a permanently prenylated form of prelamin A that underlies the premature aging disease Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) and related progeroid disorders.Here we have investigated the features of the prelamin A substrate that are required for efficient cleavage by ZMPSTE24. We find that the C-terminal 41 amino acids of prelamin A contain sufficient context to allow cleavage of the tail by ZMPSTE24. We have identified several mutations in amino acids immediately surrounding the cleavage site (between Y646 and L647) that interfere with efficient cleavage of the prelamin A tail; these mutations include R644C, L648A and N650A, in addition to the previously reported L647R. Our data suggests that 9 of the 15 residues within the cleaved tail that lie immediately upstream of the CAAX motif are not critical for ZMPSTE24-mediated cleavage, as they can be replaced by the 9 amino acid HA epitope. However, duplication of the same 9 amino acids (to increase the distance between the prenyl group and the cleavage site) impairs the ability of ZMPSTE24 to cleave prelamin A.Our data reveals amino acid preferences flanking the ZMPSTE24 cleavage site of prelamin A and suggests that spacing from the farnesyl-cysteine to the cleavage site is important for optimal ZMPSTE24 cleavage. These studies begin to elucidate the substrate requirements of an enzyme activity critical to human health and longevity

Structural, thermal and dissolution properties of MgO- and CaO-containing borophosphate glasses: effect of Fe2O3 addition

This paper investigated manufacture of high-durability phosphate glass fibres for biomedical applications. Five different borophosphate glass formulations in the systems of 45P2O5–5B2O3–5Na2O–(29 − x)CaO–16MgO–(x)Fe2O3 and 45P2O5–5B2O3–5Na2O–24CaO–(21 − x)MgO–(x)Fe2O3 where x = 5, 8 and 11 mol% were produced via melt quenching. The compositions and amorphous nature of the glasses were confirmed by ICP-MS and XRD, respectively. FTIR results indicated depolymerisation of the phosphate chains with a decrease in Q2 units with increasing Fe2O3 content. DSC analyses showed an increase in Tg by ~5 °C with an increment of 3 mol% in Fe2O3 content. The thermal properties were also used to calculate processing window (i.e. Tc,ons—Tg) and another parameter, Kgl, to determine the suitability for fibre drawing directly from melt, which equals (Tc,ons—Tg)/(Tl—Tc,ons). The degradation study conducted in PBS solution at 37 °C showed a decrease of 25–47% in degradation rate with increasing Fe2O3 content. This confirmed that the chemical durability of the glasses had increased, which was suggested to be due to Fe2O3 addition. Furthermore, the density measured via Archimedes method revealed a linear increase with increasing Fe2O3 content

Rescue of heterochromatin organization in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria by drug treatment

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria (HGPS) is a premature aging syndrome associated with LMNA mutations. Progeria cells bearing the G608G LMNA mutation are characterized by accumulation of a mutated lamin A precursor (progerin), nuclear dysmorphism and chromatin disorganization. In cultured HGPS fibroblasts, we found worsening of the cellular phenotype with patient age, mainly consisting of increased nuclear-shape abnormalities, progerin accumulation and heterochromatin loss. Moreover, transcript distribution was altered in HGPS nuclei, as determined by different techniques. In the attempt to improve the cellular phenotype, we applied treatment with drugs either affecting protein farnesylation or chromatin arrangement. Our results show that the combined treatment with mevinolin and the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A dramatically lowers progerin levels, leading to rescue of heterochromatin organization and reorganization of transcripts in HGPS fibroblasts. These results suggest that morpho-functional defects of HGPS nuclei are directly related to progerin accumulation and can be rectified by drug treatment