Características y publicación de las investigaciones presentadas en el congreso peruano de obstetricia y ginecología, 2002-2010

It is known little scientific production in the country compared to that produced at regional and global levels. Medical societies seek to strengthen academic and scientific development of its members through the development of courses and scientific events. Total research abstracts submitted to the Peruvian Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2002-2010) was reviewed. A description of the characteristics of the research presented was performed and the variables described in frequencies and percentages. Also, a search strategy in Google Scholar was conducted to determinate publication of research in indexed medical journals. 393 summaries were evaluated, the authors mean was 4.37 ± 1.93; 81.7% of jobs were design cross, followed by reporting the cases 6,12%. The specialties of the scientific event, most frequent specialty was obstetrics (54,2%), followed by gynecology (24.9%). The most common affiliation was Madre-Niño San Bartolomé Hospital (39/389), followed by the Arzobispo Loayza National Hospital (24/389). The proportion of publication was 14.13% (55/389), the majority (87.7%) was published in the Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia and only one in English in a foreign magazine. It is concluded that there is a low publication of the papers presented at the Peruvian Congress of Gynecology and obstetrics. The majority of publications are carried out in the scientific journal of the society. The publication of results should be encouraged to reduce the gray publication in the scientific literature. Measures should be taken to encourage the publication of papers.Es conocida la poca producción científica en el País comparada a la producida a nivel regional y mundial. Las sociedades médicas persiguen potenciar el desarrollo académico y científico de sus miembros a través del desarrollo de cursos y eventos científicos. Se revisó el total de resúmenes de trabajos de investigación presentados al Congreso Peruano de Obstetricia y ginecología (2002-2010). Se realizó una descripción de las características de las investigaciones presentadas y se describió las variables en frecuencias y porcentajes. Además, se buscó con una estrategia de búsqueda en Google Scholar la publicación de los trabajos de investigación en revistas médicas indizadas. Se evaluó 389 resúmenes, la media de autores fue de 4,37 ± 1,93; los trabajos de diseño transversal fueron de 81,7 %; seguido por los reportes de casos 6,2 %. De las especialidades del evento científico, especialidad más frecuente fue Obstetricia (54,2%) seguida de ginecología (24,9%). El establecimiento de salud más frecuente fue el Hospital Madre Niño San Bartolomé (39/389) seguida del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza (24/389). La proporción de publicación fue de 14,13% (55/389), la mayoría (87,3%) fue publicado en la Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Perú. Se concluye que existe una baja publicación de los trabajos presentados en el Congreso Peruano de Ginecología y Obstetricia, a pesar de contar con un órgano de difusión. La mayor parte de publicaciones se realizan en la revista científica de la sociedad. Se debe fomentar la publicación de resultados para disminuir la publicación gris en la literatura científica. Se deben tomar medidas para estimular la publicación de los trabajos presentados

ANÁLISIS ESPACIAL DEL SOBREPESO Y LA OBESIDAD INFANTIL EN EL PERÚ, 2014/Spatial analysis of childhood obesity and overweight in Peru, 2014

Objectives.: To estimate regional prevalence and identify the spatial patterns of the degree of overweight and obesity by districts in under five years children in Peru during 2014. Materials and methods.: Analysis of the information reported by the Information System Nutritional Status (SIEN) of the number of cases of overweight and obesity in children under five years recorded during 2014. Regional prevalence for overweight and obesity, and their respective confidence intervals to 95% were calculated. Moran index was used to determine patterns of grouping districts with high prevalence of overweight and/or obesity. Results.: Data from 1834 districts and 2,318,980 children under five years were analyzed. 158,738 cases (6.84%; CI 95%: 6.81 to 6.87) were overweight, while 56,125 (2.42%; CI 95%: 2.40 to 2.44) obesity. The highest prevalence of overweight were identified in the regions of Tacna (13.9%), Moquegua (11.8%), Callao (10.4%), Lima (10.2%) and Ica (9.3%), and in the same regions for obesity with 5.3%; 4.3%; 4.0%; 4.0% and 3.8% respectively. The spatial analysis found grouping districts of high prevalence in 10% of all districts for both overweight and obesity, identifying 199 districts for overweight (126 urban and 73 rural), and 184 for obesity (136 urban and 48 rural). Conclusions.: The highest prevalence of overweight and obesity were identified in the Peruvian coast regions. Moreover, these regions are predominantly exhibited a spatial clustering of districts with high prevalence of overweight and obesity

Prevalence of Childhood Obesity by Sex and Regions in Peru, 2015

OBJECTIVE: Childhood obesity is a global problem, sociodemographic and cultural factors influence its presence. An analysis of disparities in the prevalence of childhood obesity in Peru was made by sex and region in 2015. METHODS: Analysis of the information reported by the Sistema de Información del Estado Nutricional of the number of obesity cases in 2,336,791 children under five years, evaluated in public health facilities during 2015. The distribution of obesity cases was analyzed by sex and region of residence, also a spatial projection of the regional prevalence of obesity and the prevalence differences between men and women was performed. RESULTS: Data from 2,336,791 children under five was analyzed. An obesity prevalence of 1.52% (girls: 1.3% and boys: 1.7%) was found; the highest prevalence were observed in urban areas (girls: 1.5% and boys: 1.9%) and on the Costa (girls: 1.9% and boys: 2.5%). Highest prevalence of obesity were in Tacna (girls: 3.2% y boys: 3.9%), Moquegua (girls: 2.4% y boys: 3.1%) and Callao (girls: 2.3% y boys: 2.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Childhood obesity predominates on the coast and in urban areas of Peru particularly among boys. The regions of higher prevalence of obesity were Tacna Moquegua and Callao. OBJETIVO: La obesidad infantil es un problema global. Factores sociodemográficos y culturales influyen en su presencia. El objetivo fue conocer la prevalencia de obesidad infantil en Perú según sexo y región en el año 2015. METODOS: Análisis de la información reportada por el Sistema de Información del Estado Nutricional del número de casos de obesidad en 2.336.791 menores de cinco años evaluados en 7.929 establecimientos públicos de salud durante el 2015. Se analizó la distribución de los casos de obesidad según sexo y regiones de residencia, además se realizó una proyección espacial de las prevalencias regionales de obesidad y las diferencias de las prevalencias entre niños y niñas. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron los datos de 2.336.791 menores. Se encontró una prevalencia de obesidad del 1,52% (niñas: 1,3% y niños: 1,7%). Se observaron las mayores prevalencias en las zonas urbanas (niñas: 1,5% y niños: 1,9%) y en la región costera (niñas: 1,9% y niños: 2,5%). Las prevalencias más altas se encontraron en Tacna (niñas: 3,2% y niños: 3,9%), Moquegua (niñas: 2,4% y niños: 3,1%) y Callao (niñas: 2,3% y niños: 2,8%. CONCLUSIONES: La obesidad infantil predomina en la costa y áreas urbanas del Perú, especialmente entre los niños. Las regiones con mayor prevalencia son Tacna, Moquegua y Callao

Temporal trends and regional variations in gastrointestinal cancer mortality in Peru, 2005-2014

Objective: To estimate and analyze the evolution of mortality rates of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer in Peru and its regions between 2005-2014. Material and methods: We performed a nationwide secondary analysis of Peru’s Health Ministry registry of deaths during the period 2005-2014, with a focus on regional differences. Deaths registered with codes C15 to C25 (malignant neoplasms of digestive organs) from the ICD-10 were included. Calculation of age-standarized mortality rates and years of life lost (YLL) due to GI cancer per 100,000 habitants were also performed. Results: Data of 67,527 deaths from GI cancers was analyzed, 35,055 (51.91%) were women. In 2005, the number of GI cancer deaths was 6,484, for 2014, 7,532 cases were recorded. The GI cancer age-standarized mortality rates at the country level showed a decrease of 12.70% between 2005-2014. Stomach cancer presented the highest age-standarized mortality rate despite showing a downward trend in the last years, equal for gallbladder, liver and biliary tract, and esophagus cancer. Colorectal, small intestine and anus cancer show a progressive increase. In 2014, Callao (48.8), Huancavelica (48.5), La Libertad (39.6), Lambayeque (40.5) and Huanuco (38.9) had the highest rates. The three types of GI cancers with the highest rates of YLL in 2014 were stomach cancer (118.51), followed by liver and biliary tract cancer (58.68) and colorectal (44.86). Conclusion: GI cancer mortality in Peru is high and a priority issue in regions like Huancavelica, Huanuco, Callao, La Libertad and Lambayeque. Stomach cancer remains the most frequent GI cancer, but with a downward trend in the study period

Geographic information systems: Practical application to study car accidents involving pedestrians in cercado de Lima, Peru [Sistemas de información geográfica: Aplicación práctica para el estudio de atropellos en el cercado De Lima, Perú]

The aim of this study was to geospatially explore the occurrence rates of car accidents involving pedestrians in Cercado de Lima (Lima District), Peru. Car accidents involving pedestrians recorded in the 2015 National Police Station Census of the National Statistics and Information Institute were described and georeferenced. Subsequently, a Kernel Density analysis was carried out to locate areas with high, medium, and low density events. Records of 171 car accidents involving pedestrians were studied: the types of vehicles involved were automobiles (56.7%) and smaller vehicles (22.8%). The highest percentage of car accidents involving pedestrians (38.6%) took place between 12:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m. There were two densely populated areas and two areas with intermediate density for car accidents involving pedestrians, locations that were previously reported as critical due to their deficiencies and high probability of traffic accidents. The use of geographic information systems offers a quick overview of the occurrence rates of car accidents involving pedestrians to make comparisons and enable the local implementation of strategies. © 2016, Instituto Nacional de Salud. All rights reserved

Spatial analysis of childhood obesity and overweight in Peru, 2014 [Análisis espacial del sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil en el Perú, 2014]

Objectives. To estimate regional prevalence and identify the spatial patterns of the degree of overweight and obesity by districts in under five years children in Peru during 2014. Materials and methods. Analysis of the information reported by the Information System Nutritional Status (SIEN) of the number of cases of overweight and obesity in children under five years recorded during 2014. Regional prevalence for overweight and obesity, and their respective confidence intervals to 95% were calculated. Moran index was used to determine patterns of grouping districts with high prevalence of overweight and/or obesity. Results. Data from 1834 districts and 2,318,980 children under five years were analyzed. 158,738 cases (6.84%; CI 95%: 6.81 to 6.87) were overweight, while 56,125 (2.42%; CI 95%: 2.40 to 2.44) obesity. The highest prevalence of overweight were identified in the regions of Tacna (13.9%), Moquegua (11.8%), Callao (10.4%), Lima (10.2%) and Ica (9.3%), and in the same regions for obesity with 5.3%; 4.3%; 4.0%; 4.0% and 3.8% respectively. The spatial analysis found grouping districts of high prevalence in 10% of all districts for both overweight and obesity, identifying 199 districts for overweight (126 urban and 73 rural), and 184 for obesity (136 urban and 48 rural). Conclusions. The highest prevalence of overweight and obesity were identified in the Peruvian coast regions. Moreover, these regions are predominantly exhibited a spatial clustering of districts with high prevalence of overweight and obesity. © 2016, Instituto Nacional de Salud. All rights reserved

Severidad de la inflamación en los reportes de Papanicolaou según agente etiológico encontrado en un hospital public del norte de Perú

Las infecciones de transmisión sexual son un problema de salud con muchas implicaciones, factores asociados, que van desde el inicio de la relación sexual, el número de parejas, el uso de métodos anticonceptivos, entre otros. Mediante citología se pueden evaluar los cambios inflamatorios y la presencia de patógenos. La relación entre los factores anteriores es conocida pero no hay suficientes estudios. Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre la gravedad del informe y el agente etiológico encontrado en la citología cervical-vaginal. Métodos: Estudio transversal de informes papanicolaos del área de obstetricia y ginecología del 2007-2011 en el "Hospital de Apoyo II-2, Sullana", Piura, Perú. Se realizó un tipo de censo de muestreo por conveniencia (n = 1535) para obtener los datos del tipo de agente de acuerdo con el grado de inflamación; También se realizó un análisis descriptivo y analítico utilizando las pruebas chi-cuadrado y Mann Whitney. Resultados: La mediana de edad de los pacientes fue de 36 años. Se encontraron patógenos en 34 [%]; los más comunes fueron Candida (64 [%]) y Gardnerella (28 [%]). Se encontró una fuerte asociación entre la gravedad de la inflamación y la presencia de Gardnerella (p <0,001); Trichomonas (p <0,001), la coinfección de dos gérmenes (p <0,001) y por cada año adicional de edad del paciente (p <0,001). Conclusiones: la gravedad del informe Papanicolaous se asocia con el tipo de germen, la coinfección y la edad del paciente. Esto debe tenerse en cuenta para el manejo terapéutico en poblaciones similares. los más comunes fueron Candida (64 [%]) y Gardnerella (28 [%]). Se encontró una fuerte asociación entre la gravedad de la inflamación y la presencia de Gardnerella (p <0,001); Trichomonas (p <0,001), la coinfección de dos gérmenes (p <0,001) y por cada año adicional de edad del paciente (p <0,001)

Access to oral health services in children under twelve years of age in Peru, 2014 [Acceso a servicios de salud dental en menores de doce años en Perú, 2014]

The aim of the study was to explore the patterns of dental health services access in children under twelve years of age in Peru. Data from 25,285 children under 12 years who participated in the Demographic and Family Health Survey of 2014 were reviewed. An exploratory spatial analysis was performed to project the proportions of children with access to dental health services, according to national regions, type of health service and urban or rural place of residence. The results show that of the total sample, 26.7% had access to dental health services in the last six months, 39.6% belonged to the age group 0-4 years, 40.6% lived in the Andean region and 58.3% lived in urban areas. The regions of Huancavelica, Apurimac, Ayacucho, Lima and Pasco had the highest percentages of access nationwide. In conclusion, there is low access to dental health services in the population under 12 years of age in Peru. The spatial distribution of access to dental health services allows regions to be identified and grouped according to similar access patterns, in order to better focus public health actions

Factores asociados con el conocimiento del soporte vital básico en estudiantes de medicina de nueve universidades peruanas

Introducción: el soporte vital básico (BLS) es un grupo de maniobras que constituyen una herramienta fundamental para salvar vidas. Por lo tanto, el conocimiento sobre BLS tiene que ser parte del plan de estudios en las escuelas de medicina. Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de conocimiento sobre BLS y evaluar sus factores socioeducativos asociados, en estudiantes de medicina de nueve universidades peruanas. Material y métodos: llevamos a cabo un estudio multicéntrico transversal en 2013 y 2014. Incluimos estudiantes de medicina de nueve universidades en ocho regiones o Perú. Medimos el conocimiento sobre BLS mediante un cuestionario validado, que se basó en las Pautas de la American Heart Association (2010); El conocimiento adecuado se definió como una proporción mínima del 50% de las respuestas correctas. Estimamos los índices de prevalencia ajustados utilizando modelos lineales generalizados. Resultados: incluimos 1, 564 estudiantes, 13% de los estudiantes tenían un conocimiento adecuado, y el puntaje promedio fue de 6.3 ± 3.2 (rango: 0-16). El conocimiento adecuado se asoció con la asistencia a semestres que pertenecen a la etapa académica de las ciencias clínicas (p = 0.02; aPR: 1.82; CI: 95%: 1.11-2.98) y haber recibido un curso de BLS previo (p> 0.01; aPR: 2.96; CI) : 95%: 2,18-4,01); ajustado por edad, sexo, habiendo recibido inyecciones previas y cursos de primeros auxilios, y para manifestar el deseo de ser entrenado en BLS práctico