On the Formation of Boxy and Disky Elliptical Galaxies

The origin of boxy and disky elliptical galaxies is investigated. The results of two collisionless N-body simulations of spiral-spiral mergers with mass ratios of 1:1 and 3:1 are discussed and the projected properties of the merger remnants are investigated. It is shown that the equal-mass merger leads to an anisotropic, slowly rotating system with preferentially boxy isophotes and significant minor axis rotation. The unequal-mass merger results in the formation of a rotationally supported elliptical with disky isophotes and small minor axis rotation. The observed scatter in the kinematical and isophotal properties of both classes of elliptical galaxies can be explained by projection effects.Comment: 12 pages, incl. 5 figures, accepted by ApJ Letter

iPACOSE: an iterative algorithm for the estimation of gene regulation networks

In the context of Gaussian Graphical Models (GGMs) with high- dimensional small sample data, we present a simple procedure to esti- mate partial correlations under the constraint that some of them are strictly zero. This method can also be extended to covariance selection. If the goal is to estimate a GGM, our new procedure can be applied to re-estimate the partial correlations after a first graph has been esti- mated in the hope to improve the estimation of non-zero coefficients. In a simulation study, we compare our new covariance selection procedure to existing methods and show that the re-estimated partial correlation coefficients may be closer to the real values in important cases

Iterative reconstruction of high-dimensional Gaussian Graphical Models based on a new method to estimate partial correlations under constraints.

In the context of Gaussian Graphical Models (GGMs) with high-dimensional small sample data, we present a simple procedure, called PACOSE - standing for PArtial COrrelation SElection - to estimate partial correlations under the constraint that some of them are strictly zero. This method can also be extended to covariance selection. If the goal is to estimate a GGM, our new procedure can be applied to re-estimate the partial correlations after a first graph has been estimated in the hope to improve the estimation of non-zero coefficients. This iterated version of PACOSE is called iPACOSE. In a simulation study, we compare PACOSE to existing methods and show that the re-estimated partial correlation coefficients may be closer to the real values in important cases. Plus, we show on simulated and real data that iPACOSE shows very interesting properties with regards to sensitivity, positive predictive value and stability

Utilizing traditional Chinese for the discovery of efficacious new drugs

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Incorporating Road Networks into Territory Design

Given a set of basic areas, the territory design problem asks to create a predefined number of territories, each containing at least one basic area, such that an objective function is optimized. Desired properties of territories often include a reasonable balance, compact form, contiguity and small average journey times which are usually encoded in the objective function or formulated as constraints. We address the territory design problem by developing graph theoretic models that also consider the underlying road network. The derived graph models enable us to tackle the territory design problem by modifying graph partitioning algorithms and mixed integer programming formulations so that the objective of the planning problem is taken into account. We test and compare the algorithms on several real world instances

A generalized additive model approach to time-to-event analysis

This tutorial article demonstrates how time-to-event data can be modelled in a very flexible way by taking advantage of advanced inference methods that have recently been developed for generalized additive mixed models. In particular, we describe the necessary pre-processing steps for transforming such data into a suitable format and show how a variety of effects, including a smooth nonlinear baseline hazard, and potentially nonlinear and nonlinearly time-varying effects, can be estimated and interpreted. We also present useful graphical tools for model evaluation and interpretation of the estimated effects. Throughout, we demonstrate this approach using various application examples. The article is accompanied by a new R-package called pammtools implementing all of the tools described here