High pCO 2 levels affect metabolic rate, but not feeding behavior and fitness, of farmed giant mussel Choromytilus chorus

Indexación: Scopus.Acknowledgements. We thank Luisa Saavedra and Araceli Rodriguez-Romero for their help in the field and during laboratory activities. We also acknowledge Laura Ramajo for help with AT estimations. Emily Giles Neill provided valuable comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Special thanks are due to the reviewers and the editor for very constructive comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by the Millennium Nucleus Center for the Study of Multiple drivers on Marine Socio-Ecological Systems (MUSELS) funded by MINECON NC120086, PIA CONICYT ACT-172037 and FONDECYT grant nos. 1140938 and 1140092 to N.A.L. and M.A.L.Mar Ecol Prog Ser 454: 65−74 Findlay HS, Wood HL, Kendall MA, Spicer JI, Twitchett RJ, Widdicombe S (2009) Calcification, a physiological pro-cess to be considered in the context of the whole organ-ism. 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Reg Environ Change 14(Suppl 1): 19−30 Sabine C, Feely RA, Gruber N, Key RM and others (2004) The oceanic sink of anthropogenic CO2. Science 305: 367–371 SERNAPESCA (Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura) (2014) Anuarios estadísticos del Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura. www.sernapesca.cl Solórzano L (1969) Determination of ammonia in natural waters by the phenolhypochlorite method. Limnol Oce - anogr 14: 799−801 Thomsen J, Melzner F (2010) Moderate seawater acidifica-tion does not elicit long-term metabolic depression in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. Mar Biol 157: 2667−2676 Thomsen J, Casties I, Pansch C, Körtzinger A, Melzner F (2013) Food availability outweighs ocean acidification effects in juvenile Mytilus edulis: laboratory and field experiments. Glob Change Biol 19: 1017−1027 Thomsen J, Stapp LS, Haynert K, Schade H, Danelli M, Lannig G, Melzner F (2017) Naturally acidified habitat selects for ocean acidification-tolerant mussels. Sci Adv 3: e1602411 Toro B, Navarro JM, Palma-Fleming H (2003) Relationship between bioenergetics responses and organic pollutants in the giant mussel, Choromytilus chorus (Mollusca: Mytilidae). Aquat Toxicol 63: 257−269 Torres R, Pantoja S, Harada N, González HE, Daneri G, Frangopulos M, Fukasawa M (2011) Air-sea CO2 fluxes along the coast of Chile: from CO2 outgassing in central northern upwelling waters to CO2 uptake in southern Patagonian fjords. J Geophys Res 116: C09006 Torres R, Manriquez PH, Duarte C, Navarro JM, Lagos NA, Vargas CA, Lardies MA (2013) Evaluation of a semi - automatic system for long-term seawater carbonate chemistry manipulation. Rev Chil Hist Nat 86: 443−451 Vargas CA, Aguilera V, Martín V, Manríquez P and others (2015) CO2-driven ocean acidification disrupts the filter feeding behavior in Chilean gastropod and bivalve spe-cies from different geographic localities. Estuaries Coasts 38: 1163−1177 Vargas CA, Lagos NA, Lardies MA, Duarte C and others (2017) Species-specific responses to ocean acidification should account for local adaptation and adaptive plasti-city. Nature Ecol Evol 1: 0084 Vargas CA, Cuevas LA, Silva N, Gonzalez HE, Pol-Holz D, Narvaez DA (2018) Influence of glacier melting and river discharges on the nutrient distribution and DIC recycling in the southern Chilean Patagonia. J Geophys Res Bio-geosci 123: 256−270 Velasco LA, Navarro JM (2003) Energetic balance of infau-nal (Mulinia edulis King, 1831) and epifaunal (Mytilus chilensis Hupé, 1854) bivalves in response to wide varia-tions in concentration and quality of seston. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 296: 79−92 Vihtakari M, Hendriks IE, Holding J, Renaud PE, Duarte CM, Havenhand JN (2013) Effects of ocean acidification and warming on sperm activity and early life stages of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Water 5: 1890−1915 Wang Y, Li L, Hu M, Lu W (2015) Physiological energetic of the thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus exposed to sea-water acidification and thermal stress. Sci Total Environ 514: 261−272 White MM, McCorkle DC, Mullineaux LS, Cohen AL (2013)Benthic habitats such as intertidal areas, sandy or rocky shores, upwelling zones, and estuaries are characterized by variable environmental conditions. This high variability of environmental stressors such as temperature, salinity, and pH/pCO 2 levels have been shown to impose restrictions on organismal performance. The giant mussel Choromytilus chorus forms intertidal and subtidal mussel beds in estuarine zones associated with fjords occurring in southern Chile and is an important aquacultural resource in Patagonia. In this study, we estimated the sensitivity of physiological traits and energy balance of C. chorus juveniles exposed to 3 pCO 2 treatments (500, 750, and 1200 μatm) for 30 d. Results showed that in acidified, high pCO 2 conditions, C. chorus juveniles had increased metabolic rates; however, other physiological traits (clearance and ingestion rates, ammonia excretion, absorption efficiency, growth rate, biomass production, net calcification, and dissolution rates) were not affected. These results suggest that when subjected to acidification, the adaptive response of C. chorus triggers tradeoffs among physiological traits that favor sustained feeding and growth in order to combat increased metabolic stress. As has been reported for other marine organisms, chronic exposure to variable pH/pCO 2 in their native habitats, such as estuarine zones, could explain the differential acclimatization capacity of giant mussels to cope with the increase in pCO 2 . Additionally, the fact that the mussels did not suffer from mortality indicates that increased pCO 2 levels may have chronic, but not lethal, effects on this species under these experimental conditions. © The authors 2017.https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/aei/v10/p267-278

Osteolisis tibial secundaria a un implante ligamentoso de Leeds-Keio: Presentación de un caso

Hasta hace algunos años, el ligamento artificial de Leeds-Keio, se usó en muchos casos para la reconstrucción de lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior. Hoy día no se usa para este tipo de lesiones debido a los pobres resultados que se observaron a medio y largo plazo. No obstante, su uso está indicado en otras lesiones, como son la reconstrucción del aparato extensor de la rodilla, y en inestabilidades del hombro y de la columna vertebral. Presentamos un caso de osteolisis masiva del platillo tibial que requirió la retirada del implante seguida de autoinjerto óseo, complicación que no ha sido comunicada anteriormenteSome years ago the Leed-Keio prosthesis was widely used for anterior cruciate ligament repair. Due to the poor middle and long-term results, this technique has been abandoned. However, synthetic implants are used for other lesions such as knee extensor mechanism rupture and shoulder or lumbar spine instabilities. This paper presents a case of massive osteolysis of the tibial plateau requiring removal of the prosthesis and autologous bone graft, a complication not reported before

Complicaciones de los osteocondromas

Los osteocondromas o exostosis cartilaginosas son los tumores óseos más frecuentes, representando el 10-15 % de la totalidad. Parece ser más bien una alteración del desarrollo óseo más que un tumor verdadero. Suele tener una imagen radiográfica patognomónica. Los osteocondromas pueden ser solitarios o múltiples, estos últimos forman parte del síndrome de exostosis múltiples hereditarias, de transmisión autosómica dominante. Las complicaciones que pueden presentar, pueden ser óseas; deformidad del hueso donde asientan o fracturas del mismo, o de los tejidos que lo rodean, pudiendo provocar trastornos neurológicos, vasculares, bursitis, y la peor complicación, que es su malignización. Existen variantes de los osteocondromas como la exostosis subungueal, la displasia epifisaria hemimielica, y las exostosis en torreta y por tracción. Es importante conocer la apariencia radiológica de todos los tipos de exostosis, para diferenciarlas de sus posibles complicaciones.Osteochondroma, also termed osteocartlaginous exostoses represents the most common bone tumors and is a developmental lesion rather than a true neoplasm. It constitutes 10-15 % of all bone tumors. Its radiologic features are often pathognomonic. Osteochondromas may be solitary or multiple, the latter being associated with the autosomal dominant syndrome, hereditary multiple exostoses. Complications associated with osteochondroma include deformity, fracture, vascular compromise, neurologic sequelae, overlying bursa formation, and malignant transformation. Variant of osteochondroma include subungueal exostosis, dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica, turret and traction exostoses. Recognition of the radiologic spectrum of appearances of osteochondroma and its variants allow prospective diagnosis and differentiation of the numerous potential complications

Sales minerales en la ganadería de leche bovina

Cattle get the minerals needed for metabolism of the environment in which they thrive. The deficiencies and imbalances of minerals in the diet are recognized as one of the limiting factors in animal production. Minerals play an important role in nutrition, taking into account that although not essential to provide energy use and biological synthesis of essential nutrients. In intensive systems using high-producing cows, the administration of mineral salts can increase consumption and hence the productivity of animals. Minerals are daily used by animals in the development of its normal physiological functions, and in some cases the lack of these in the animal normal diet is the primary cause of reproductive problems. The implementation of mineral diets depends on the efficiencies that this soil and pastures where animals are fed. However, the management of commercial mineral salts must be carried out under technical analysis which shed as a result the ideal formula for each field. This paper presents some of the features to consider in feeding dairy cattle in Colombia, based on variables such as the physiological development of the animal, mineral requirements according to their production status and soil conditions in the grazing animal.Los bovinos obtienen los minerales necesarios para su metabolismo del medio ambiente en el que se desarrollan. Las deficiencias y desbalances de minerales en la dieta son reconocidas como una de las limitantes en la producción animal. Los minerales cumplen un importante papel en la nutrición, teniendo en cuenta que aunque no proporcionan energía son esenciales para la utilización y síntesis biológica de nutrientes esenciales. En los sistemas intensivos que utilizan vacas de alta producción, la administración de sales minerales permite incrementar el consumo y por ende la productividad de los animales. Los minerales son diariamente utilizados por los animales en el desarrollo de sus funciones fisiológicas normales, y en determinadas ocasiones la falta de estos en la dieta normal del animal es la causa primaria de problemas reproductivos. La implementación de las dietas minerales depende de las deficiencias que presente el suelo y los pastos en los que se alimentan los animales. Sin embargo, la administración de sales mineralizadas de tipo comercial tiene que ser realizada bajo análisis técnicos los cuales arrojen como resultado la fórmula ideal para cada terreno. El presente artículo muestra algunas de las características a tener en cuenta en la alimentación de ganado de lechería en Colombia, partiendo de variables como el desarrollo fisiológico del animal, los requerimientos minerales de acuerdo a su estado de producción y las condiciones de los suelos en los que el animal pastorea

Immunohistochemical expression of aromatase cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b in the ovary and brain of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to different concentrations of bisphenol A

Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to produce plastic and plastic derived products in multitude of daily utensils, being one of the industrial compounds most widely used. This endocrine disrupting chemical (EDCs) is a well-known environmental pollutant released into the aquatic environment from industrial wastewater, sewage sludge or landfill leachate. Aromatases are considered potential targets of EDCs with characteristics that make them suitable biomarkers of exposure to their effects. The main objective of our study was to evaluate the expression of cyp19a aromatase as a toxicological endpoint after BPA exposure through the identification and assessment of alterations of the main cells responsible for cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b expression in the zebrafish ovary and brain using different concentrations of BPA in water. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression of these enzymes in female zebrafish exposed and not exposed to different concentrations of BPA (1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg / L) in water (n = 6/group) for 14 days. The results obtained in this study showed that the cyp19a aromatase system, involved in the synthesis of steroid compounds, is specially located in distinct oocyte stages in the ovary (cyp19a1a) and in radial glial cells of the brain (cyp19a1b). An overexpression of these aromatases was observed after BPA exposure in zebrafish, peaking from a concentration of 10 µg/L and showing to be good biomarkers of exposure to identify the early effects of low BPA concentrations. To our knowledge, this study is the first to localize and quantify the expression of cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b in the cells of brain and ovary after fish exposure to different BPA concentrations in water

Incidence and molecular typing of Mycobacterium kansasii in a defined geographical area in Catalonia, Spain

A retrospective population-based study was conducted between January 1990 and December 1998 to investigate the incidence of Mycobacterium kansasii disease and the heterogeneity of the isolates in a well-defined geographical area in Catalonia, Spain. A total of 136 patients were identified. Overall incidence and incidence in AIDS patients was 1. 5 (95% CI 1.2-1.8) and 1089.6 (95% CI 689-1330) cases/100 000 persons per year respectively, which is comparable to that reported from most of other geographical areas. Surprisingly, although 7 subtypes of M. kansasii have been consistently reported, in the present study 91 of the 93 isolates (97.8%) tested for genotype were subtype I, regardless of HIV status of the patients. In conclusion, the high rate of infection observed in the AIDS population contributes significantly to the burden of the M. kansasii disease in our area. M. kansasii disease in our geographical area was almost exclusively caused by subtype I regardless of HIV status

Fitting the integrated Spectral Energy Distributions of Galaxies

Fitting the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of galaxies is an almost universally used technique that has matured significantly in the last decade. Model predictions and fitting procedures have improved significantly over this time, attempting to keep up with the vastly increased volume and quality of available data. We review here the field of SED fitting, describing the modelling of ultraviolet to infrared galaxy SEDs, the creation of multiwavelength data sets, and the methods used to fit model SEDs to observed galaxy data sets. We touch upon the achievements and challenges in the major ingredients of SED fitting, with a special emphasis on describing the interplay between the quality of the available data, the quality of the available models, and the best fitting technique to use in order to obtain a realistic measurement as well as realistic uncertainties. We conclude that SED fitting can be used effectively to derive a range of physical properties of galaxies, such as redshift, stellar masses, star formation rates, dust masses, and metallicities, with care taken not to over-interpret the available data. Yet there still exist many issues such as estimating the age of the oldest stars in a galaxy, finer details ofdust properties and dust-star geometry, and the influences of poorly understood, luminous stellar types and phases. The challenge for the coming years will be to improve both the models and the observational data sets to resolve these uncertainties. The present review will be made available on an interactive, moderated web page (sedfitting.org), where the community can access and change the text. The intention is to expand the text and keep it up to date over the coming years.Comment: 54 pages, 26 figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc

Recommendations for ophthalmologic practice during the easing of COVID-19 control measures

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper provides recommendations for medical eye care during the easing of control measures after lockdown. The guidelines presented are based on a literature review and consensus among all Spanish Ophthalmology Societies regarding protection measures recommended for the ophthalmologic care of patients with or without confirmed COVID-19 in outpatient, inpatient, emergency and surgery settings. We recommend that all measures be adapted to the circumstances and availability of personal protective equipment at each centre and also highlight the need to periodically update recommendations as we may need to readopt more restrictive measures depending on the local epidemiology of the virus. These guidelines are designed to avoid the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among both patients and healthcare staff as we gradually return to normal medical practice, to prevent postoperative complications and try to reduce possible deficiencies in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of the ophthalmic diseases. With this update (5th) the Spanish Society of Ophthalmology is placed as one of the major ophthalmology societies providing periodic and systematized recommendations for ophthalmic care during the COVID-19 pandemic

The WEBT BL Lacertae Campaign 2001 and its extension : Optical light curves and colour analysis 1994–2002

BL Lacertae has been the target of four observing campaigns by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) collaboration. In this paper we present UBVRI light curves obtained by theWEBT from 1994 to 2002, including the last, extended BL Lac 2001 campaign. A total of about 7500 optical observations performed by 31 telescopes from Japan to Mexico have been collected, to be added to the ∼15 600 observations of the BL Lac Campaign 2000. All these data allow one to follow the source optical emission behaviour with unprecedented detail. The analysis of the colour indices reveals that the flux variability can be interpreted in terms of two components: longer-term variations occurring on a fewday time scale appear as mildly-chromatic events, while a strong bluer-when-brighter chromatism characterizes very fast (intraday) flares. By decoupling the two components, we quantify the degree of chromatism inferring that longer-term flux changes imply moving along a ∼0.1 bluerwhen- brighter slope in the B − R versus R plane; a steeper slope of ∼0.4 would distinguish the shorter-term variations. This means that, when considering the long-term trend, the B-band flux level is related to the R-band one according to a power law of index ∼1.1. Doppler factor variations on a “convex” spectrum could be the mechanism accounting for both the long-term variations and their slight chromatism.Reig Torres, Pablo, [email protected]