Effet de l’expansion palatine sur le bruxisme du sommeil chez des enfants en comparant des appareils d’expansion palatine rapide collé ou bagué

Introduction : Le bruxisme du sommeil est un désordre du mouvement décrit comme un mouvement involontaire de la mastication durant le sommeil. Cette parafonction est observée dans 14-38% de la population pédiatrique. Un lien a été trouvé entre les événements respiratoires et les épisodes de bruxisme. L’expansion palatine rapide (EPR) est un traitement orthopédique effectué chez les enfants en croissance pour régler un manque transverse squelettique du maxillaire supérieur. Quelques études ont observé que l’apnée obstructive du sommeil a été diminuée par un traitement d’expansion palatine rapide. Objectifs : Étant donné que le bruxisme est en lien avec des événements respiratoires et que l’expansion palatine rapide augmente la dimension des cavités nasales, l’objectif de la présente étude est d’évaluer la possible réduction du bruxisme après le traitement d’expansion rapide. Méthodes : Ce projet pilote est une étude clinique randomisée contrôlée de patients consécutifs qui a inclus 27 enfants (8-14 ans, 8 garçons et 19 filles) avec ou sans bruxisme du sommeil. Tous ces patients sont venus à la clinique d’orthodontie de l’Université de Montréal et présentaient un manque transverse du maxillaire supérieur (au moins 5 mm). Dans le cadre de l’étude, les patients devaient passer un enregistrement polysomnographique ambulatoire avant le traitement d’expansion palatine (T0) et après l’activation de l’appareil d’expansion (T1). Résultats : Les résultats démontrent une diminution du bruxisme chez 60% (9 patients) de nos patients bruxeurs. L’interaction entre le traitement et les groupes (Br et Ctl) s’est avérée significative (p=0,05 ANOVA mesures répétées), et démontre une diminution du bruxisme chez les bruxeurs (p=0,04, t-test paire). Les médianes (min, max) du groupe avec bruxisme sont passées de 3,11 (2,06; 7,68) à 2,85 (0,00; 9,51). Les paramètres de sommeil sont restés stables (Stade N1/N2/N3, REM, efficacité du sommeil), ainsi que les paramètres respiratoires et le ronflement. Conclusion : Une réduction du bruxisme a été observée lors de cette étude, mais un échantillonnage plus grand est nécessaire pour conclure.Introduction: Sleep bruxism (SB) is a movement disorder described as an involuntary mastication movement during sleep. This parafunction is observed in 14-38% of the child population. A link was found between respiratory events and episodes of bruxism. Rapid palatal expansion (RPE) in children is an orthopedic treatment that is effective in correcting maxillary transverse deficiency and in reducing obstructive apnea syndrome (OAS) by increasing airway capacity. Objectives : Since bruxism is related to respiratory events and RPE increases respiratory capacity, the objective of this study is to evaluate the possible reduction of bruxism after RPE therapy. Material and Methods : This prospective randomized controlled clinical pilot study recruited 27 children (8-14 years old, 8 boys, 19 girls) with or without sleep bruxism. These patients were seeking treatment for transverse maxillary deficiency (5 mm or more) at the orthodontics department of the University of Montreal. Patients underwent an ambulatory polysomnography before (T0) and after expansion (T1). Sleep parameters, rhythmic muscular masticatory activity index were evaluated. Results : The results show a reduction of bruxism in 60% of bruxer patients (9 participants). The interaction between the treatment and the groups (Br and ctl) was significant (p=0,05, repeated measures ANOVA). A reduction of bruxism is shown for bruxers (p=0,04, paired t-test). The sleep parameters stayed stable after RPE (Stage N1/N2/N3, REM, sleep efficiency) as well as the breathing parameters and snoring data. The medians (min, max) of bruxism group went from 3,11 (2,06; 7,68) to 2,85 (0,00; 9,51). Conclusion : During this study, a reduction of bruxism was observed but a larger sample size is needed to conclude on the subject

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Searches for the ZγZ\gamma decay mode of the Higgs boson and for new high-mass resonances in pppp collisions at s=13\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

International audienceThis article presents searches for the Zγ decay of the Higgs boson and for narrow high-mass resonances decaying to Zγ, exploiting Z boson decays to pairs of electrons or muons. The data analysis uses 36.1 fb$^{−1}$ of pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The data are found to be consistent with the expected Standard Model background. The observed (expected — assuming Standard Model pp → H → Zγ production and decay) upper limit on the production cross section times the branching ratio for pp → H → Zγ is 6.6. (5.2) times the Standard Model prediction at the 95% confidence level for a Higgs boson mass of 125.09 GeV. In addition, upper limits are set on the production cross section times the branching ratio as a function of the mass of a narrow resonance between 250 GeV and 2.4 TeV, assuming spin-0 resonances produced via gluon-gluon fusion, and spin-2 resonances produced via gluon-gluon or quark-antiquark initial states. For high-mass spin-0 resonances, the observed (expected) limits vary between 88 fb (61 fb) and 2.8 fb (2.7 fb) for the mass range from 250 GeV to 2.4 TeV at the 95% confidence level

Search for direct top squark pair production in final states with two leptons in s=13\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV pppp collisions with the ATLAS detector

International audienceThe results of a search for direct pair production of top squarks in events with two opposite-charge leptons (electrons or muons) are reported, using $36.1~\hbox {fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity from proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. To cover a range of mass differences between the top squark $\tilde{t}$ and lighter supersymmetric particles, four possible decay modes of the top squark are targeted with dedicated selections: the decay $\tilde{t} \rightarrow b \tilde{\chi }_{1}^{\pm }$ into a b-quark and the lightest chargino with $\tilde{\chi }_{1}^{\pm } \rightarrow W \tilde{\chi }_{1}^{0}$ , the decay $\tilde{t} \rightarrow t \tilde{\chi }_{1}^{0}$ into an on-shell top quark and the lightest neutralino, the three-body decay $\tilde{t} \rightarrow b W \tilde{\chi }_{1}^{0}$ and the four-body decay $\tilde{t} \rightarrow b \ell \nu \tilde{\chi }_{1}^{0}$ . No significant excess of events is observed above the Standard Model background for any selection, and limits on top squarks are set as a function of the $\tilde{t}$ and $\tilde{\chi }_{1}^{0}$ masses. The results exclude at 95% confidence level $\tilde{t}$ masses up to about 720 GeV, extending the exclusion region of supersymmetric parameter space covered by previous searches

Measurements of ttˉt\bar{t} differential cross-sections of highly boosted top quarks decaying to all-hadronic final states in pppp collisions at s=13 \sqrt{s}=13\, TeV using the ATLAS detector

Measurements are made of differential cross-sections of highly boosted pair-produced top quarks as a function of top-quark and $t\bar{t}$ system kinematic observables using proton--proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $36.1$ fb$^{-1}$, recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Events with two large-radius jets in the final state, one with transverse momentum $p_{\rm T} > 500$ GeV and a second with $p_{\rm T}>350$ GeV, are used for the measurement. The top-quark candidates are separated from the multijet background using jet substructure information and association with a $b$-tagged jet. The measured spectra are corrected for detector effects to a particle-level fiducial phase space and a parton-level limited phase space, and are compared to several Monte Carlo simulations by means of calculated $\chi^2$ values. The cross-section for $t\bar{t}$ production in the fiducial phase-space region is $292 \pm 7 \ \rm{(stat)} \pm 76 \rm{(syst)}$ fb, to be compared to the theoretical prediction of $384 \pm 36$ fb

Study of the material of the ATLAS inner detector for Run 2 of the LHC

International audienceThe ATLAS inner detector comprises three different sub-detectors: the pixel detector, the silicon strip tracker, and the transition-radiation drift-tube tracker. The Insertable B-Layer, a new innermost pixel layer, was installed during the shutdown period in 2014, together with modifications to the layout of the cables and support structures of the existing pixel detector. The material in the inner detector is studied with several methods, using a low-luminosity √s=13 TeV pp collision sample corresponding to around 2.0 nb−1 collected in 2015 with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. In this paper, the material within the innermost barrel region is studied using reconstructed hadronic interaction and photon conversion vertices. For the forward rapidity region, the material is probed by a measurement of the efficiency with which single tracks reconstructed from pixel detector hits alone can be extended with hits on the track in the strip layers. The results of these studies have been taken into account in an improved description of the material in the ATLAS inner detector simulation, resulting in a reduction in the uncertainties associated with the charged-particle reconstruction efficiency determined from simulation

Measurements of ttˉt\bar{t} differential cross-sections of highly boosted top quarks decaying to all-hadronic final states in pppp collisions at s=13 \sqrt{s}=13\, TeV using the ATLAS detector

Measurements are made of differential cross-sections of highly boosted pair-produced top quarks as a function of top-quark and $t\bar{t}$ system kinematic observables using proton--proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $36.1$ fb$^{-1}$, recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Events with two large-radius jets in the final state, one with transverse momentum $p_{\rm T} > 500$ GeV and a second with $p_{\rm T}>350$ GeV, are used for the measurement. The top-quark candidates are separated from the multijet background using jet substructure information and association with a $b$-tagged jet. The measured spectra are corrected for detector effects to a particle-level fiducial phase space and a parton-level limited phase space, and are compared to several Monte Carlo simulations by means of calculated $\chi^2$ values. The cross-section for $t\bar{t}$ production in the fiducial phase-space region is $292 \pm 7 \ \rm{(stat)} \pm 76 \rm{(syst)}$ fb, to be compared to the theoretical prediction of $384 \pm 36$ fb