EXTRATO DE NEEM E CRAVO DA ÍNDIA NO CONTROLE DE ZABROTES SUBFASCIATUS (BOHEMAN) (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) EM SEMENTES DE FEIJÃO ARMAZENADO

O caruncho do feijão Zabrotes subfasciatus é considerado a principal praga de armazenamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar métodos alternativos no controle do Zabrotes subfasciatus em feijão, utilizando extrato de neem (Azadirachta indica) e cravo da índia (Caryophyllus aromaticus L.). Para tanto foram utilizados 4 tratamentos: controle, solução aquosa de neem a 1% (0,5ml óleo de neem.Kg-1 de feijão), 25g de cravo da índia.Kg-1 de feijão e GastoxinÒ (0,011g fosfeto de alumínio.Kg-1 de feijão). O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições por tratamento, sendo avaliado antes e após a aplicação dos produtos por contagem no número de adultos vivos e mortos, número de pupas, ovos e porcentagem de grãos infestados. O óleo emulsionável de neem não promoveu efeito negativo sobre o Zabrotes subfasciatus , enquanto o cravo da índia provocou a morte de adultos e diminuiu a postura, com resultados semelhantes ao Gastoxin, podendo ser recomendado como tratamento alternativo

Mass-rearing of Mediterranean fruit fly using low-cost yeast products produced in Brazil

Ceratitis capitata is one of the most important pests of fruits for exportation, and Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has been the most efficient and environmental friendly technique used to control fruit fly populations around the world. A key goal in achieving a successful SIT program is a mass rearing system producing high quality insects at low cost. Providing adults with an artificial diet containing hydrolysed protein has been the major obstacle for bio-production facilities in Brazil, because it is expensive and has to be imported. Two other commercial products, autolysed yeast (AY) and yeast extract (YE), of domestic origin and low cost, were tested as substitutes of the imported hydrolyzed protein. To compare their efficiency we observed the female fecundity, adult survival and egg viability of flies raised on diets containing one of each of the different protein products. Flies reared on the domestic yeast products had equivalent or superior performance to the flies reared on imported protein. Both AY and YE can be a possible substitute for imported hydrolyzed protein for C. capitata mass-rearing, as they are cheaper and are readily available in the national market

EXTRATO DE NEEM E CRAVO DA ÍNDIA NO CONTROLE DE ZABROTES SUBFASCIATUS (BOHEMAN) (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) EM SEMENTES DE FEIJÃO ARMAZENADO

The bean weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatus) is considered the principal storage pest of beans. The objective of this work was the study of alternatives to control the Zabrotes subfasciatus in beans, using neem seed (Azadirachta indica) extract and Indian spice (Caryophyllus aromaticus L.). Four treatments were used: control; 1% aqueous neem solution (0,5ml neem oil .Kg-1 of bean seed), 25g of spice in one kg of bean seed and Gastoxin (0,011g aluminum phosphet.Kg-1 of bean seed). The experiment was installed as totally random, with four repetitions per treatment. Evaluations were done before and after application of the products, and they were live or dead adult number, number of pupae, eggs and percentage of infested seeds. Neem oil did not affected negatively Zabrotes subfasciatus, but Indian spice increase the adult death and decreased the number of laid eggs, with results similar to Gastoxin. Spice could be used as alternative to the treatment of bean seeds

Survey of potential sharpshooter and spittlebug vectors of Xylella fastidiosa to grapevines at the São Francisco River Valley, Brazil

Survey of potential sharpshooter and spittlebug vectors of Xylella fastidiosa to grapevines at the São Francisco River Valley, Brazil. Pierce's disease of grapevines, caused by Xylella fastidiosa, is a serious problem in some regions of North America, not yet reported in Brazil. In this study, a survey of potential sharpshooter (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae) and spittlebug (Hemiptera, Cercopidae) vectors of X. fastidiosa was conducted in vineyards at the São Francisco River Valley, a major grape growing region in Brazil. Four vineyards of Vitis vinifera L. were sampled fortnightly from June/2005 to June/2007, using yellow sticky cards, each placed at two different heights (45 cm aboveground and 45 cm above the crop canopy) in 10 sampling localities. A total of 4,095 specimens of sharpshooters were collected, nearly all from 3 Proconiini species, Homalodisca spottii Takiya, Cavichioli & McKamey, 2006 (96.8% of the specimens), Tapajosa fulvopunctata (Signoret, 1854) (3.1%), and Tretogonia cribrata Melichar, 1926 (1 specimen). Hortensia similis (Walker, 1851) (2 specimens) was the only Cicadellini species. Only 1 cercopid specimen, belonging to Aeneolamia colon (Germar, 1821), was trapped. Even though they are not considered potential Xylella vectors, 2 Gyponini leafhoppers were collected: Curtara samera DeLong & Freytag, 1972 (11 specimens) and Curtara inflata DeLong & Freytag, 1976 (1 specimen). Homalodisca spottii was observed feeding and mating on green branches of grapevines, in addition to egg masses. Because of its prevalence on the crop canopy, occurrence throughout the year (with peaks from February to August), and ability to colonize grapevines, H. spottii could be an important vector if a X. fastidiosa strain pathogenic to grapevines becomes introduced at the São Francisco River Valley

Dispersal capacity of fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in irrigated coffee plantations

Diachasmimorpha longicaudata is an Old World parasitoid of tephritid fruit flies that was widely introduced in the Americas to control pest species such as the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. Augmentative releases in irrigated coffee plantations in semiarid regions of Brazil are under consideration and dispersal capacity of D. longicaudata in this habitat are important to develop release strategies. Approximately 2,000 individuals of D. longicaudata (5 to 7 days old) were released in the center of a fruiting coffee plantation every two weeks from Dec. 2009 to Apr. 2010. Dispersal from the central release point was monitored to the north, south, east, west, northeast, northwest, southeast and southwest at 11 distances, beginning at 4.6 m and ending at 90 m from the release point. At each point, a parasitism unit (approximately 120 larvae of C. capitata in the 3rd instar wrapped in voile fabric) and 10 coffee beans were collected. The average dispersion distance and dispersion area were estimated by the model proposed by Dobzhansky and Wright (1943). The average dispersion distances were 27.06 m (as estimated by fruit collection) and 33.11 m (as estimated by oviposition traps). The average dispersion areas were 1,315.25 m2 and 1,752.45 m2 originating from the collection of beans and parasitism units, respectively. Cohorts of 2,000 adult D. longicaudata released at six points ha−1 are estimated to result in sufficient colonization to exert significant control of Ceratitis capitata

Current knowledge of the species complex Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae) in Brazil

The study of the species complex Anastrepha fraterculus (Af complex) in Brazil is especially important in a taxonomical, evolutionary and pest management context, because there are evidences that some of them may occur in sympatry. In this review, we analyzed the main results supporting evidences that three cryptic species occur in Brazil. The taxonomical and phylogenetic relationships based on eggshell morphology, adult morphometrics, as well as cytotaxonomy and genetic differentiations are discussed. We also review available information on sexual behavior including acoustic communication of males during courtship and sexual incompatibility; and chemical signals involved in the communication between sexes, with a special focus on sex pheromones. We examined the role of long- and short-range pheromones (male-produced volatiles and cuticular hydrocarbons, respectively), their implications in sexual isolation, and their possible use for chemotaxonomic differentiation of the putative species of the Af complex

Wing Morphometry and Acoustic Signals in Sterile and Wild Males: Implications for Mating Success in Ceratitis capitata

The sterile insect technique (SIT) is widely utilized in the biological control of fruit flies of the family Tephritidae, particularly against the Mediterranean fruit fly. This study investigated the interaction between mating success and morphometric variation in the wings and the production of acoustic signals among three male groups of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann): (1) wild males, (2) irradiated with Co-60 (steriles), and (3) irradiated (steriles) and treated with ginger oil. The canonical variate analysis discriminated two groups (males irradiated and males wild), based on the morphological shape of the wings. Among males that emit buzz signals, wild males obtained copulation more frequently than males in Groups 2 and 3. The individuals of Group 3 achieved more matings than those in Group 2. Wild males displayed lower pulse duration, higher intervals between pulses, and higher dominant frequency. Regarding the reproductive success, the morphological differences in the wings’ shape between accepted and nonaccepted males are higher in wild males than in the irradiated ones. The present results can be useful in programs using the sterile insect technique for biological control of C. capitata