4 research outputs found
Lupus vulgaris reported in 2 cases
Department of Dermatovenerology, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Nicolae Testemitanu", ChiČinÄu, Republic of Moldova, Congresul consacrat aniversÄrii a 75-a de la fondarea UniversitÄČii de Stat de MedicinÄ Či Farmacie āNicolae TestemiČanuā din Republica Moldova, Ziua internaČionalÄ a ČtiinČei pentru pace Či dezvoltareIntroduction:
Cutaneous tuberculosis is a group of polymorphous and
varied manifestations of the skin and mucous membranes,
produced by infection with some species of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis complex. The specific primary lesion is the
lupoma, sometimes evolving into mutilating forms.
Purpose:
Lupus vulgaris particularities reported in two clinical cases.
Material and methods:
A 68-year-old female, presented for multiple infiltrative,
prominent erythematous plaques and placards with
various diameter, well contoured by a violaceus halo, with
irregular contour on the trunk. A 6-year-old boy presented
for brownish-red, soft papules with smooth surface on the
face and trunk. The lesions appeared 3 years ago; and 6
months ago after a minor trauma injury, the lesions have
spread.
Results:
Chest X-ray didnāt reveal any abnormalities. During
dermascopy the sign of āapple jellyā was found positive.
Histopathological exam found caseous necrosis,
tuberculoid granulomas composed of epithelioid cells and
Langhans giant cells, surrounded by mononuclear and a
dense lymphocyte infiltrate localized in the dermis.
Mantoux probe was 17 mm in diameter. Clinical
examination sustained by the histopathological exam and
Mantoux probe inferred the diagnosis of lupus vulgaris
(tuberculosis).
Conclusions:
The particularities of the presented cases with distinct
clinical signs, the histopathological presence of
granulomatous inflammation with specific cellular
appearance, the hyperergic Mantoux test and the lack of
characteristic pulmonary changes represent a casuistic
interest of lupus vulgaris
Mitochondrial Effects of Common Cardiovascular Medications: The Good, the Bad and the Mixed
Mitochondria are central organelles in the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system via the integration of several physiological processes, such as ATP generation via oxidative phosphorylation, synthesis/exchange of metabolites, calcium sequestration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production/buffering and control of cellular survival/death. Mitochondrial impairment has been widely recognized as a central pathomechanism of almost all cardiovascular diseases, rendering these organelles important therapeutic targets. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to occur in the setting of drug-induced toxicity in several tissues and organs, including the heart. Members of the drug classes currently used in the therapeutics of cardiovascular pathologies have been reported to both support and undermine mitochondrial function. For the latter case, mitochondrial toxicity is the consequence of drug interference (direct or off-target effects) with mitochondrial respiration/energy conversion, DNA replication, ROS production and detoxification, cell death signaling and mitochondrial dynamics. The present narrative review aims to summarize the beneficial and deleterious mitochondrial effects of common cardiovascular medications as described in various experimental models and identify those for which evidence for both types of effects is available in the literature
Mitochondrial Effects of Common Cardiovascular Medications : The Good, the Bad and the Mixed
Mitochondria are central organelles in the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system via the integration of several physiological processes, such as ATP generation via oxidative phosphorylation, synthesis/exchange of metabolites, calcium sequestration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production/buffering and control of cellular survival/death. Mitochondrial impairment has been widely recognized as a central pathomechanism of almost all cardiovascular diseases, rendering these organelles important therapeutic targets. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to occur in the setting of drug-induced toxicity in several tissues and organs, including the heart. Members of the drug classes currently used in the therapeutics of cardiovascular pathologies have been reported to both support and undermine mitochondrial function. For the latter case, mitochondrial toxicity is the consequence of drug interference (direct or off-target effects) with mitochondrial respiration/energy conversion, DNA replication, ROS production and detoxification, cell death signaling and mitochondrial dynamics. The present narrative review aims to summarize the beneficial and deleterious mitochondrial effects of common cardiovascular medications as described in various experimental models and identify those for which evidence for both types of effects is available in the literature
Cellāpermeable succinate rescues mitochondrial respiration in cellular models of amiodarone toxicity
Amiodarone is a potent antiarrhythmic drug and displays substantial liver toxicity in hu-mans. It has previously been demonstrated that amiodarone and its metabolite (desethylamioda-rone, DEA) can inhibit mitochondrial function, particularly complexes I (CI) and II (CII) of the elec-tron transport system in various animal tissues and cell types. The present study, performed in human peripheral blood cells, and one liverāderived human cell line, is primarily aimed at assessing the concentrationādependent effects of these drugs on mitochondrial function (respiration and cellular ATP levels). Furthermore, we explore the efficacy of a novel cellāpermeable succinate prodrug in alleviating the drugāinduced acute mitochondrial dysfunction. Amiodarone and DEA elicit a con-centrationādependent impairment of mitochondrial respiration in both intact and permeabilized platelets via the inhibition of both CIā and CIIāsupported respiration. The inhibitory effect seen in human platelets is also confirmed in mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and HepG2 cells. Additionally, amiodarone elicits a severe concentrationādependent ATP depletion in PBMCs, which cannot be explained solely by mitochondrial inhibition. The succinate prodrug NV118 alleviates the respiratory deficit in platelets and HepG2 cells acutely exposed to amiodarone. In conclusion, amiodarone severely inhibits metabolism in primary human mitochondria, which can be counteracted by in-creasing mitochondrial function using intracellular delivery of succinate