Correlation between anthropometric indexes and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among the elderly population in Amirkola

Background: The ageing of population is an increasing phenomenon worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important chronic disease in ageing. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the anthropometric indexes and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among the elderly population in Amirkola (Mazandaran, Iran). Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was a part of the Amirkola Health and Ageing Cohort Project (AHAP). Demographic information was collected using a standard questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were collected from all participants to measure the serum level of lipids. Measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and anthropometric indexes e.g. body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist to height ratio (WHR) were done for all participants. Results: One thousand five hundred and six elderly people of Amirkola (age> 60 years) were participated in this study. There was a positive and significant correlation between the BMI and systolic and diastolic blood pressures, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride. The WC had a positive and significant correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressures, HDL-C and triglyceride. The correlation between WHR and systolic and diastolic blood pressures, HDL-C and triglyceride was positive and significant; however the correlation between the anthropometric indexes and TC and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was negative and significant. The WHR had a significant positive correlation with all studied risk factors. Conclusion: According to the findings of present study, WHR index had stronger correlation with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the elderly

The beneficial effects of probiotic administration on wound healing and metabolic status in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Abstract Background This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in subjects with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Methods This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted among 60 subjects (aged 40‐85 years old) with grade 3 diabetic foot ulcer. Individuals were randomly divided into 2 groups (30 subjects each group) to receive either probiotic or placebo daily for 12 weeks. Results After the 12‐week intervention, compared with the placebo, probiotic supplementation led to significant reductions in ulcer length (−1.3 ± 0.9 vs. −0.8 ± 0.7 cm, P = .01), width (−1.1 ± 0.7 vs. −0.7 ± 0.7 cm, P = .02), and depth (−0.5 ± 0.3 vs. −0.3 ± 0.3 cm, P = .02). Furthermore, significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose (−29.6 ± 30.3 vs. −5.8 ± 39.8 mg/dL, P = .01), serum insulin concentrations (−4.3 ± 7.9 vs. +0.4 ± 8.5 μIU/mL, P = .03), and haemoglobin A1c (−0.6 ± 0.5 vs. −0.2 ± 0.4%, P = .003) and a significant rise in the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01 ± 0.01 vs. −0.01 ± 0.02, P = .003) were seen following supplementation of probiotic compared with the placebo. Additionally, compared with the placebo, probiotic supplementation resulted in significant decreases in serum total cholesterol (−4.8 ± 16.1 vs. +7.0 ± 27.1 mg/dL, P = .04), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (−9.0 ± 14.7 vs. −1.7 ± 8.6 mg/L, P = .02), plasma malondialdehyde (−0.8 ± 0.8 vs. −0.2 ± 0.8 μmol/L, P = .001), and significant increases in plasma nitric oxide (+6.2 ± 8.2 vs. +0.8 ± 8.0 μmol/L, P = .01) and total antioxidant capacity concentrations (+179.3 ± 97.2 vs. −85.1 ± 203.4 mmol/L, P < .001). Conclusions Overall, probiotic supplementation for 12 weeks among subjects with diabetic foot ulcer had beneficial effects on ulcer size, glycaemic control, total cholesterol, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, plasma nitric oxide, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde levels. Keywords diabetic foot metabolic status probiotic administration wound healing Funding Informatio

Effects of dietary fern (Adiantum capillus-veneris) leaves powder on serum and mucus antioxidant defence, immunological responses, antimicrobial activity and growth performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles

A 56-day research was performed to examine the influence of graded levels (0 (control), 0.5, 1 and 2) of Fern (Adiantum capillus-veneris) leaves powder (FLP) in diet on immune competence and growth of common carp (Cyprinus carpio, initial weight = 20 g). The serum total immunoglobulins content and lysozyme activity in the 1 and 2 FLP groups remarkably increased compared to the other groups (P 0.05). The serum bactericidal activity against human and fish pathogens increased with enhancing the FLP level in diet against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (EHEC ATCC 43895), Escherichia coli (CI), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Aeromonas hydrophila. The serum antibacterial activity against Yersinia ruckeri in the 2 FLP group was higher than the other treatments. Furthermore, the serum bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) only observed in fish fed on the 1 and 2 FLP-supplemented diets. The skin mucosal bactericidal activity and inhibitory effects increased with enhancing the FLP level in diet against E. coli, K. pneumonia, Y. ruckeri and A. hydrophila in a dose response manner. Moreover, the skin mucosal bactericidal activity against S. aureus only observed in fish fed on 1 and 2 FLP-supplemented diets. The weight gain values in the 1 and 2 FLP groups were higher than the other treatments (P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved with increasing FLP level in diet in a dose-response manner (P < 0.05). By considering serum and mucosal bactericidal activities against different pathogenic bacteria, the supplementation of 2 FLP in diet is recommended for C. carpio during grow-out phase. © 2020 Elsevier Lt

Dietary apple peel-derived pectin improved growth performance, antioxidant enzymes and immune response in common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758)

The trial conducted to investigate the effects of apple peel-derived pectin (APDP) on the growth, antioxidant enzyme activity and immune parameters in blood of common carp (Cyprinus carpio, 19.94 ± 0.03 g). Four dietary treatments with 0 (control), 0.5, 1 and 2% APDP were tested in an eight-week trial. Obtained data allowed assessing the growth, feed efficiency and immunological parameters as lysozyme, catalase activity (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Fish fed APDP treatments showed improvements in growth parameters and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). The dietary pectin inclusions significantly (P < 0.05) increased the skin mucus immunological parameters; including serum total immuno globulin (STlg), and lysozyme activity. Regarding serum antioxidant defense, carp fed diets supplemented with APDP showed higher (P < 0.05) CAT and SOD activity levels versus control group. Although the supplementary diets did not differ significantly. The serum and skin mucus anti-bacterial activity tests against ten different bacterial strains demonstrated that dietary pectin significantly affected anti-bacterial activity, suggesting that the dietary administration of APDP favorably affects growth and immune responses. © 2020 Elsevier B.V

Effects of dietary fern (Adiantum capillus-veneris) leaves powder on serum and mucus antioxidant defence, immunological responses, antimicrobial activity and growth performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles

A 56-day research was performed to examine the influence of graded levels (0 (control), 0.5, 1 and 2%) of Fern (Adiantum capillus-veneris) leaves powder (FLP) in diet on immune competence and growth of common carp (Cyprinus carpio, initial weight = 20 g). The serum total immunoglobulins content and lysozyme activity in the 1 and 2% FLP groups remarkably increased compared to the other groups (P 0.05). The serum bactericidal activity against human and fish pathogens increased with enhancing the FLP level in diet against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (EHEC ATCC 43895), Escherichia coli (CI), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Aeromonas hydrophila. The serum antibacterial activity against Yersinia ruckeri in the 2% FLP group was higher than the other treatments. Furthermore, the serum bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) only observed in fish fed on the 1 and 2% FLP-supplemented diets. The skin mucosal bactericidal activity and inhibitory effects increased with enhancing the FLP level in diet against E. coli, K. pneumonia, Y. ruckeri and A. hydrophila in a dose response manner. Moreover, the skin mucosal bactericidal activity against S. aureus only observed in fish fed on 1 and 2% FLP-supplemented diets. The weight gain values in the 1 and 2% FLP groups were higher than the other treatments (P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved with increasing FLP level in diet in a dose-response manner (P < 0.05). By considering serum and mucosal bactericidal activities against different pathogenic bacteria, the supplementation of 2% FLP in diet is recommended for C. carpio during grow-out phase. © 2020 Elsevier Lt

Does androgen receptor (AR) expression impact on residual risk? A TEAM pathology study

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Defining a signature of residual risk following endocrine treatment in the tamoxifen and exemestane adjuvant multinational (TEAM) trial

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Molecular stratification of early breast cancer identifies drug targets to drive stratified medicine

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HER2 status as predictive marker for Al vs Tam benefit: A TRANS-AIOG meta-analysis of 12129 patients from ATAC, BIG 1-98 and TEAM with centrally determined HER2

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