Rollstuhlfahrer, Elche und Krähen. Zur aktuellen Literatur in Norwegen

Nachdem ab 1965 - mit der Profilgruppe, benannt nach der Avantgarde-Zeitschrift Profil — die Poesie in Richtung sowohl auf die Wirklichkeit als auch auf die sprachlichen Spiel-Möglichkeiten entgrenzt wurde, kam eine Periode maoistischer Literature engagée, die schon bald als „Knäckprosa” diffamiert wurde, und die von heute aus gesehen nicht mehr so interessant erscheint - auch wenn sie damals wirklich Bewegung in die Szene brachte. Die Generation, die die 80er Jahre zu dominieren versuchte, hat scheinbar selbst das Sterben der Literatur gefördert. Es waren „Nullisten". Sie zogen sich asketisch auf die Schrift zurück und reduzierten auch diese noch mit dem Ziel des Schweigens: „Der Weg der Poesie in das Schweigen ist kein Weg zur Abwesenheit von etwas, sondern eine Gegenwärtigkeit von Nichts” (Teije Johansen in Dagbladet, 5.1.1994)

Småbyliv som eksistensmodell. Hamsuns historiesyn og forsøk på fiksjonal kontingensminimering

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Framing and assessing the emergent field of business model innovation for the circular economy: A combined literature review and multiple case study approach

Widespread adoption of sustainable and circular business models is required to accelerate the transition to a more sustainable society, however, the literature supporting the process of Business Model Innovation for the Circular Economy - or Circular Business Model Innovation (CBMI) - is currently emerging. Several publications on this field have been published since 2014, nevertheless, there is still a lack of understanding on the process of CBMI, particularly for incumbent firms; and, as most of the literature is theoretical, further empirical insights are required. Furthermore, there is a need for an updated and comprehensive review of this fast-paced field, and a need to further integrate the CBMI field with the conventional Business Model Innovation (BMI) domain. The present research aims to first, map and frame the field of CBMI, building upon the structure of the conventional BMI field; second, to assess the current state of research of the field, proposing a future research agenda; and third, to explore the most relevant elements of the CBMI process in the practice. The article uses a combined literature and multiple case study approach. It begins by synthesizing a BMI framework, which is then combined with the findings of a systematic literature review (n=84) on the emergent CBMI field, to propose an original framework that structures the field. The review includes an assessment per article on the state-of-research. The framework is then illustrated through a multiple case study on ten incumbent firms that have implemented a substantial CBMI, revealing which topics are more relevant from a practice perspective and offering valuable empirical insights. We suggest that future research should prioritize those topics that are very important from the practice and still un- or under-researched in the CBMI field (i.e. organizational culture and structure as moderators of the CBMI change process, sustainability strategy as an antecedent of CBMI and top management role as key elements of the CBMI process) and to those identified as important though under-researched (i.e. organizational change management as a key element of the CBMI process; organizational inertia, ambidexterity and CBMI uncertainties as moderators of the CBMI process; and systemic change as an effect of the CBMI). The literature on Sustainable BMI is integrated to propose contributions to the identified gaps. This research contributes by framing and assessing the field of CBMI, proposing a future research agenda, providing a detailed literature state-of-research assessment and by further integrating CBMI with the conventional BMI field

How do incumbent firms innovate their business models for the circular economy? Identifying micro‐foundations of dynamic capabilities

The circular economy is promoted as a contributor to sustainable development; however, the process of circular business model innovation remains under-explored to date, hindering its implementation. Dynamic capabilities research provides a theoretical perspective to explore how incumbent firms can innovate in rapidly changing environments. An abductive qualitative research is done through an exploratory multiple case study on 10 incumbents that implemented a circular business model innovation. We identify 26 practices, aggregated in 12 micro-foundations of the dynamic capabilities of sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring. By integrating the few empirical studies characterizing dynamic capabilities for sustainability-oriented business model innovation, we offer a comprehensive framework of 33 practices. This study proposes that the most relevant practices for circular business model innovation processes are adopting a lifecycle perspective, employing sustainability-oriented instruments, ideating sustainable value propositions, developing a sustainability strategy and culture, and engaging and coordinating stakeholders in the business ecosystem. We also suggest seven particularly relevant practices for long-term business model transformations (e.g., top management commitment), four for innovations focused on short and medium loops of the circular economy (e.g., early customer engagement), and four for long loops (e.g., business ecosystem coordination). This study corroborates and expands recent research on dynamic capabilities for sustainability-oriented innovation and provides practitioners with a set of 33 skills, processes, procedures, and activities to be prioritized to successfully innovate their business models for the circular economy

A novel real-time PCR assay for specific detection and quantification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk with the inherent possibility of differentiation between viable and dead cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Mycobacterium avium </it>subsp. <it>paratuberculosis </it>(MAP) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in ruminants and is suggested to be one of the etiologic factors in Crohn's disease in humans. Contaminated milk might expose humans to that pathogen. The aim of the present study was to develop a novel real-time PCR assay providing the additional possibility to detect viable <it>Mycobacterium avium </it>subsp. <it>paratuberculosis </it>(MAP) based on the MAP-specific Mptb52.16 target. The design included an internal amplification control to identify false negative results.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>Inclusivity and exclusivity tested on 10 MAP strains, 22 non-MAP mycobacteria, and 16 raw milk microflora strains achieved 100%. The detection limit in artificially contaminated raw milk was 2.42 × 10¹MAP cells/ml milk. In a survey of naturally contaminated samples obtained from dairy herds with a known history of paratuberculosis, 47.8% pre-milk and 51.9% main milk samples tested positive. Real-time PCR-derived MAP-specific bacterial cell equivalents (bce) ranged from 1 × 10⁰to 5.1 × 10²bce/51 ml; the majority of samples had less than one bce per ml milk. Expression of the chosen target was detected in artificially contaminated raw milk as well as inoculated Dubos broth, thus confirming the real-time PCR assay's potential to detect viable MAP cells.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Concentrating the DNA of a large sample volume in combination with the newly developed real-time PCR assay permitted quantification of low levels of MAP cells in raw milk and pasteurized milk. The selected target - Mptb52.16 - is promising with regard to the detection of viable MAP. Future studies integrating quantitative DNA- and RNA-based data might provide important information for risk assessment concerning the presence of MAP in raw milk and pasteurized milk.</p

The economics of desertification, land degradation, and drought: Toward an integrated global assessment

cost of inaction, desertification, drought, Economics, Land degradation, prevention of land degradation,

Subauktna acidoza buraga u mliječnih krava – fiziološko značenje, čimbenici rizika i dijagnostičke metode

According to the latest studies, the prevalence of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is around 20% in early and mid- lactation dairy cows, generating annual losses in the United States of approximately USD 500 million to 1 billion. The diagnosis of SARA is still difficult due to lack of pathognomonic clues and the delayed appearance of certain clinical signs. Therefore, SARA remains neglected or even unrecognized in many dairy herds. SARA is characterized by daily episodes of low ruminal pH, when the pH remains in the range of 5.2 to 6 for a prolonged period due to the accumulation of short-chain fatty acids and insufficient rumen buffering. The causes of SARA are related to high-grain diets, such as feeding excessive amounts of non-structural carbohydrates and highly fermentable forages, and insufficient dietary coarse fibre. SARA is associated with the inflammation of several organs and tissues in dairy cows, and its main long-term health and economic consequences are the fluctuation of feed intake, reduced fibre digestion, depression of milk yield and milk fat content, gastrointestinal damage, diarrhoea, laminitis, liver abscesses, and lameness. The aim of this review is to summarize the information available on the physiological aspects, risk factors, prevalence and possible indicators of SARA in dairy cattle. Basedon the existing literature, rumenocentesis and the use of an oral stomach tube are reliable field techniques to detect SARA. Nowadays, improved field techniques allowing the continuous measurement of reticuloruminal pH are also available for better diagnosis of SARA. Wireless indwelling pH probes may become important tools for the continuous measurement of ruminal pH in the coming years.Prema najnovijim istraživanjima, pojavnost subakutne acidoze buraga (SARA) je oko 20 % u mliječnih krava u ranoj i srednjoj laktaciji, a prouzroči gubitke od približno 500 milijuna do 1 milijarde američkih dolara godišnje u SAD. Dijagnostika SARA je još uvijek problematična zbog nedostatka patognomoničnih karakteristika te kašnjenja pojavnosti određenih kliničkih znakova. Stoga je SARA i dalje zanemarena pa čak i neprepoznata u mnogim stadima mliječnih krava. SARA karakteriziraju dnevne epizode niskog pH buraga, kada se pH vrijednost kreće u rasponu od 5,2 do 6,0 kroz duže vrijeme, zbog nakupljanja nižih masnih kiselina i nedovoljnog puferiranja sadržaja buraga. Uzroci SARA povezani su s obrocima bogatim koncentratima, kao što je pretjerano davanje nestrukturnih ugljikohidrata i visoko probavljive voluminozne krme s nedovoljno grube voluminoze. SARA je povezana i s upalom različitih tkiva i organa u mliječnih krava, a njezine dugotrajne posljedice uključuju promjenjiv unos hrane, smanjenu probavu vlakana, smanjenu proizvodnju mlijeka i mliječne masti, oštećenja probavnog sustava, proljeva, laminitis, apscesi na jetri i šepavost. Cilj ovog preglednog rada je sažeti trenutno dostupne podatke o fiziološkim aspektima, činiteljima rizika, pojavnosti i potencijalnim indikatorima SARA u mliječnih krava. Prema trenutnoj literaturi jedine terenske metode za dijagnostiku SARA uključuju ruminocentezu i korištenje sonde buraga. Danas postoje poboljšane terenske dijagnostičke metode za kontinuirano mjerenje retikoruminalnog pH i lakšu dijagnostiku SARA. Bežične sonde koje kontinuirano mjere pH sadržaja buraga trebale bi postati sve značajnija dijagnostička metoda u skorijoj budućnosti