Acute Toxicity Test of Carbamate Insecticide on Common Carp, Cyprinus Carpio Linnaeus, 1758

Pestisida golongan karbamat merupakan sumber pencemar yang sangat toksik bagi hewan, meskipun insektisida go-longan karbamat ini mudah terurai di alam baik pada media air maupun pada organisme dalam rantai makanan. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengukur nilai LC50-96 insektisida karbamat (Marshal 200 EC) terhadap hewan uji. Hewan uji yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L.) dengan panjang 6-8 cm dan bobot 5,5-9 g. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah metode eksperimental dengan dua tahapan penelitian, yaitu uji pendahuluan dan uji toksisitas akut (LC50-96). Uji pendahuluan dilakukan tanpa ulangan dan uji toksisitas akut dilakukan ulangan sebanyak dua kali. Data uji toksisitas akut dianalisis dengan analisis probit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai LC50-96 insektisida karbamat (Marshal 200 EC) terhadap ikan mas adalah 1,68 mgL-1

Testing probability distributions underlying aggregated data

In this paper, we analyze and study a hybrid model for testing and learning probability distributions. Here, in addition to samples, the testing algorithm is provided with one of two different types of oracles to the unknown distribution $D$ over $[n]$. More precisely, we define both the dual and cumulative dual access models, in which the algorithm $A$ can both sample from $D$ and respectively, for any $i\in[n]$, - query the probability mass $D(i)$ (query access); or - get the total mass of $\{1,\dots,i\}$, i.e. $\sum_{j=1}^i D(j)$ (cumulative access) These two models, by generalizing the previously studied sampling and query oracle models, allow us to bypass the strong lower bounds established for a number of problems in these settings, while capturing several interesting aspects of these problems -- and providing new insight on the limitations of the models. Finally, we show that while the testing algorithms can be in most cases strictly more efficient, some tasks remain hard even with this additional power

Hubungan Panjang-bobot Dan Faktor Kondisi Ikan Rono, Adrianichthys Oophorus Kottelat, 1990 (Beloniformes: Adrianichthyidae) Di Danau Poso Sulawesi Tengah [Length-weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Eggcarrying Buntinge, Adrianichthys Oophorus Kottelat,1990 (Beloniformes: Adrianichthyidae) in Danau Poso, Sulawesi Tengah]

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji hubungan panjang-bobot dan faktor kondisi ikan rono (A. oophorus) di Danau Poso. Pengambilan contoh ikan dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2012 sampai Juli 2013 di empat stasiun pengamatan. Penang-kapan dilakukan pada malam hari dengan menggunakan bagan perahu tradisional. Diperoleh ikan contoh sebanyak 735 ekor, terdiri atas 566 ekor betina dan 169 ekor jantan. Panjang ikan jantan maupun betina berkisar antara 41-86 mm dan bobot berkisar antara 0,46-6,14 g. Persamaan hubungan panjang bobot ikan jantan sebagai dan betina sebagai W = 6 x 10"6L3,074dan W = 8x 10"6L3,011. Pola pertumbuhan ikan rono jantan maupun betina bersifat isometrik. Nilai rata-rata faktor kondisi ikan jantan dan betina berturut-turut 1,35±0,06 dan 1,43±0,05

Testing Conditional Independence of Discrete Distributions

We study the problem of testing \emph{conditional independence} for discrete distributions. Specifically, given samples from a discrete random variable $(X, Y, Z)$ on domain $[\ell_1]\times[\ell_2] \times [n]$, we want to distinguish, with probability at least $2/3$, between the case that $X$ and $Y$ are conditionally independent given $Z$ from the case that $(X, Y, Z)$ is $\epsilon$-far, in $\ell_1$-distance, from every distribution that has this property. Conditional independence is a concept of central importance in probability and statistics with a range of applications in various scientific domains. As such, the statistical task of testing conditional independence has been extensively studied in various forms within the statistics and econometrics communities for nearly a century. Perhaps surprisingly, this problem has not been previously considered in the framework of distribution property testing and in particular no tester with sublinear sample complexity is known, even for the important special case that the domains of $X$ and $Y$ are binary. The main algorithmic result of this work is the first conditional independence tester with {\em sublinear} sample complexity for discrete distributions over $[\ell_1]\times[\ell_2] \times [n]$. To complement our upper bounds, we prove information-theoretic lower bounds establishing that the sample complexity of our algorithm is optimal, up to constant factors, for a number of settings. Specifically, for the prototypical setting when $\ell_1, \ell_2 = O(1)$, we show that the sample complexity of testing conditional independence (upper bound and matching lower bound) is \[ \Theta\left({\max\left(n^{1/2}/\epsilon^2,\min\left(n^{7/8}/\epsilon,n^{6/7}/\epsilon^{8/7}\right)\right)}\right)\,. \

Sublinear time algorithms for earth mover's distance

We study the problem of estimating the Earth Mover’s Distance (EMD) between probability distributions when given access only to samples of the distributions. We give closeness testers and additive-error estimators over domains in [0, 1][superscript d], with sample complexities independent of domain size – permitting the testability even of continuous distributions over infinite domains. Instead, our algorithms depend on other parameters, such as the diameter of the domain space, which may be significantly smaller. We also prove lower bounds showing the dependencies on these parameters to be essentially optimal. Additionally, we consider whether natural classes of distributions exist for which there are algorithms with better dependence on the dimension, and show that for highly clusterable data, this is indeed the case. Lastly, we consider a variant of the EMD, defined over tree metrics instead of the usual l 1 metric, and give tight upper and lower bounds

Analisis Hubungan Komunikasi, Kepemimpinan dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of Promotion, Service Quality and Consumer Satisfaction on Gojek Consumer Loyalty (Case Study on Law Faculty Students at Prima University of Indonesia). The research method used is quantitative. Total population of 208 students and 68 employees as research samples. The sampling technique used is random sampling. The results showed that promotion partially had a positive and significant effect on Gojek Consumer Loyalty. Service Quality has a positive and significant effect on Gojek Consumer Loyalty. Consumer Satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on Gojek Consumer Loyalty. Promotion, Service Quality and Consumer Satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on Gojek Consumer Loyalty. In conclusion, promotion level, service quality and customer satisfaction have a role in customer loyalty.  Keywords: Customer Satisfaction Service Quality, Consumer Loyalty, Promotion &nbsp

Adiabatic quantum algorithm for search engine ranking

We propose an adiabatic quantum algorithm for generating a quantum pure state encoding of the PageRank vector, the most widely used tool in ranking the relative importance of internet pages. We present extensive numerical simulations which provide evidence that this algorithm can prepare the quantum PageRank state in a time which, on average, scales polylogarithmically in the number of webpages. We argue that the main topological feature of the underlying web graph allowing for such a scaling is the out-degree distribution. The top ranked $\log(n)$ entries of the quantum PageRank state can then be estimated with a polynomial quantum speedup. Moreover, the quantum PageRank state can be used in "q-sampling" protocols for testing properties of distributions, which require exponentially fewer measurements than all classical schemes designed for the same task. This can be used to decide whether to run a classical update of the PageRank.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures; closer to published versio

Heavy metal content of tank goby (Glossogobius giuris) in East Segara Anakan, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia

Segara Anakan is a semi-close water ecosystem which is connected to Donan River (industrial and residential areas) in the east and Citanduy River (agricultural area) in the west. Most activity in those areas can produce a waste which becomes sources of harmful pollutants to the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to analyze the content level of heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cu and Cd) in muscle and safety level consumption of the tank goby (Glossogobius giuris) in the area. This study was conducted for 4 months in June, August, September and October 2017 at the waters of East Segara Anakan Lagoon of Cilacap (Central Java Province), The heavy metal concentration in the muscle was measured by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). Based on the analysis, the heavy metal contents of Pb, Hg, Cu, and Cd in the tank goby were 0-0.005 mg/kg, 0-0.044 mg/kg, 0.164-0.293 mg/kg, and 0.001-0.032 mg/kg, respectively and these contents were under the safety limit. Safety level of consumption of the fish was 837.3  g/week (for adult) and 251.2  g/week (for children).<br /

Heavy Metal Contain Pb, Hg, Cd and Cu in Whiting Fish (Sillago sihama) Muscle in Estuary of Donan River, Cilacap, Central Java

AbstractWaste produced by industrial activities in Donan River can be a heavy metal which is one source of harmful pollutant to the aquatic environment. This study was conducted monthly from August 2015 to January 2016 at the waters of the Donan River estuary. The aims of this study were to analyze the content of heavy metals Pb, Hg, Cd and Cu in whiting fish muscle and determine the tolerance limit to consume fish containing the heavy metals. Commonly, the average content of heavy metal in the whiting fish muscle based on Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) reading exeded the standard limit determined, but there are also some fish whose heavy metal still below the standard limit. The values of heavy metal in the fish muscle range &lt;0,005-9,19 ppm (Pb); 304,50-4535,22 ppb (Hg); 0,11-0,56 ppm (Cd); and 0,36-1,39 ppm (Cu). The maximum weight limit of fish muscle for adults (50 kg) and children (15 kg) are 17,64 g muscle per week and 5,29 g muscle per week, respectively