Antioxidant activity of probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from Mongolian airag

This research aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from airag. In this study, 42 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from Mongolian airag. All isolates were identified by using morphological, biochemical and physiological methods. The isolated bacteria were studied for antagonistic effects on Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, 22 strains showed antibacterial activity. When we examined their probiotic properties such as bile acid tolerance and gastric acid tolerance, it is shown that only 6 bacterial strains can survive up to 3  hours in a pH 3.0 acid environment  and up to 8 hours in  0.3% bile acid environment. Selected probiotic strains were further identified to species by API 50CHL system. Antioxidant activity of  probiotic  strains were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. While the antioxidant activity in cell free supernatant fluctuated between the range of 26.1-38.4%,  the antioxidant activity after 72 hours of fermentation in the whey fraction was between 17.23-55.12%. DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.5564/mjc.v15i0.327 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 15 (41), 2014, p73-7

Implementation of Multimodal Tracking Capabilities for High-Altitude Ballooning

Successful ballooning tracking is a challenging task for many ballooning teams. Several methods of ballooning tracking are known to the ballooning community. In this paper, we present a concept of dual-modal tracking payload integrating an RF radio operating at ~900 MHz and a cellphone-based tracking system operating at ~2 GHz. In particular, we describe how we combined the RF-based and cellphone-based methods to function properly as an integrated module. As part of the implementation details, we also present a processing mechanism implemented on a microcontroller to detect when the payload has landed and turn on the cellphone after landing

Implementation of Simultaneous Multi-Streaming of Live Solar Eclipse Video via 5.8 GHz AirMax

For the 2017 solar eclipse ballooning, we have developed a video payload that can simultaneously live-stream multiple videos via a single 5.8 GHz wireless link. In this paper, we describe our approach to multiplex multiple video streams into a single data stream that a 5.8 GHz wireless modem can transport to the ground station. Various key factors are described to properly configure the Raspberry Pi’s and optimize the transmission from an M5 on the video payload over the 5.8 GHz link while ensuring adequate range and acceptable video quality received at the ground station. A screenshot of the multi-video streaming is provided as an example to justify a successful operation of our video payload

Selection of culture media for the production of carotenoids with antioxidant activity by Rhodotorula glutinis

Rhodotorula glutinis is an aerobic yeast with particular metabolic characteristic that can produce large amount of carotenoids during the stationary growth phase. Carotenoid is an important natural pigment with antioxidant properties, which is used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry as additives. The aim of this work is to study the production of carotenoid with antioxidant activity by R.glutinis R12 in different media conditions. The selected strain was cultivated in three different culture media such as YM broth, Basal and MS3 medium at 28°C for 72–120 hours. After fermentation, cells were harvested by centrifugation and freeze-dried. Carotenoid from the biomass was extracted as a mixture of DMSO, acetone and petroleum ether with a ratio of 1:2:2 and cells were ruptured using ultrasonic wave. The carotenoid content in the supernatant was measured by spectrophotometric method. The highest content of carotenoids extracted from R.glutinis R12 was 283.71µg/g dry biomass. The maximum antioxidant activity of carotenoid by DPPH assays were achieved 52.09 ± 0.4% (IC50= 536.02) and at a concentration of 600 µg ml-1. This study revealed that the R.glutinis R12 strain has the ability to produce carotenoid and has shown antioxidant activity in Basal and MS3 medium. For further study, it is necessary to investigate the improvement of carotenoid yield from R.glutinis R12 strains

INFANT- AND YOUNG CHILD-FEEDING PRACTICES IN MONGOLIA

For almost all infants, breastfeeding remains the simplest, healthiest and least expensive feeding method that fulfils the infants’ needs. To assess the indicators of infant and young child feeding practices among 0- 23 months old children.This cross-sectional studies was conducted all 21 provinces of the 4 economic regions of the country and capital Ulaanbaatar city. A total of 350 children aged 0-23 months were selected from sampled households. In total, 350 children aged less than two years selected through revised 125-cluster sampling using of the indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices were revised during the International Consensus Meeting organized be WHO in 2007.The proportions of infants with early initiation of breastfeeding (85.5%) and exclusive breastfeeding at the age of 4-5 months (46.7%) were low and infants who received foods from four and more groups is insufficient in Western and Eastern regions. Consumption of vegetables and fruits was also insufficient. Dairy products (milk, yogurt, cheese and other dairy products) were included in the diet of 75.6% (95%CI 69.2-81.0) of 6-23 month-old children during the previous day (p<0.003). The main problems revealed from the study were inappropriate complementary feeding practices. Our findings have highlighted the need to encourage mothers to enrich their traditional wheat- based complementary foods add more animal source foods and vegetables

Permeable biosorbent barrier for wastewater remediation

Chromium is one of the heavy metals that significantly affect water quality in Mongolia. The present study is focused on the remediation of surface water contaminated with chromium (III) by a permeable barrier in order to prevent sediment pollution. The adsorption capacity of the selected materials (13X zeolite and vermiculite) was investigated at different sorbent dosages, pH and initial Cr(III) concentration. The equilibrium adsorption studies showed that vermiculite has a higher Cr(III) removal efficiency in comparison with 13X zeolite. A fungal isolate obtained from the sediment samples collected near Tuul River (Mongolia) was selected from enriched Luria-Bertani medium, showing a good performance for Cr(III) removal (78.2\% for an initial concentration of 50 mg/L). The fungal isolate was genetically typed by DNA sequencing and was identified as belonging to the Alternaria alternata species. 13X zeolite showed the best performance for Cr removal in the permeable barrier assays compared to vermiculite, achieving a total removal of 96\\% and a global uptake of 2.49 mg/g. After 13 days of operation none of the barriers reached saturation with chromium.A previous version of the paper has been presented in the 2nd EWaS International Conference: BEfficient & Sustainable Water Systems Management toward Worth Living Development^, Chania, Crete, Greece, 1-4 June 2016. This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. Bruna Silva is thankful to the FCT for the concession of a Post-Doc grant (SFRH/BPD/112354/2015). Sampling process was supported by the collaborative research grant of National Academy of Sciences of Taiwan and Science and Technology Foundation of Mongolia, project code NCS-NECS2013003 and co-funded by the Young Scientist Grant (SEAS-2015075) of National University of Mongolia. E. Tuuguu would like to acknowledge the Erasmus-Mundus AREAS+ program for the opportunity to conduct research at CEB-University of Minho.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Role of Personal Networks in the Growth of Entrepreneurship Ventures of Ethnic Minority Female Entrepreneurs

The main objective of the paper is to explore and explain the differences/similarities in personal networks of, and their use by, immigrant and British born Pakistani female entrepreneurs for business growth.A broad range of studies has explored the social context of ethnic minority and immigrant entrepreneurship by assuming all minority entrepreneurs as a cohesive group without taking into account intergroup (geographical categorisation) and intra-group (generational) differences. These differences are explained by socio-economic and cultural factors such as family background and support, ethnicity, religion, education, and more importantly personal network (Metcalf et. al., 1996; Basu, 1998). The blend of culture and religion depicted in entrepreneurial practices of Pakistani entrepreneurs is an interesting but under-researched area. Our particular interest is to explore the scope, depth, variations and limitations of the personal networks of Pakistani female entrepreneurs in their effort to grow their business

Developing international business relationships in a Russian context

The collapse of the former Soviet Union has opened up a wealth of business opportunities for companies seeking new markets in the Russian Federation. Despite this, firms intending to do business in Russia have found themselves hampered by cultural differences in business practices and expectations. As Russia integrates into the global economy, understanding such practices and the managerial mindset of business people is crucial for managers who hope to navigate Russia's complex markets. This study draws on the trust literature and adopts quantitative tools to deconstruct the Russian 'Sviazi' system of social capital business networking. We develop a model isolating three dimensions of Sviazi: one an affective or emotional component; the second, a conative component; and the third, a cognitive component. The model provides a useful guide for helping foreign firms to succeed in Russia, while also serving as a basis for further research in the field. Keywords

How exactly do networking Investments pay off? Analyzing the impact of nascent Entrepreneurs networking Investments on Access to Start-Up Resources

It is widely recognized that networks provide access to the resources necessary for founding a business. Up until now, however, the relationship between networking investments and the availability of resources has not been analyzed in depth. Using a sample of 416 nascent entrepreneurs, we address this issue, and provide evidence that networking investments lead to diminishing marginal resource returns in terms of financial, informational, emotional and contact support. Our results also show that resource returns strongly vary with resource type. While emotional support is quite easy to get, many more networking investments are needed to achieve financial support