7,641 research outputs found
Emotion Regulation and Psychological Dependence on Pain Medication among Hospital Outpatients with Chronic Spinal Pain: The Influence of Rumination about Pain and Alexithymia
Objective: To examine the extent to which pain acceptance, pain catastrophising and alexithymia moderate associations between pain intensity and psychological pain medication dependence. Methods: Participants (106 hospital outpatients with chronic spinal pain) completed the Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ) to measure psychological dependence on pain medication, and the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire-8 (CPAQ-8), the Pain Catastrophising Scale (PCS) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), plus the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Results: Multiple linear regression showed that degree of psychological dependence (measured dimensionally across the range of LDQ scores) was associated with TAS subscale difficulty identifying feelings (DIF) (β = 0.249, p = <0.002) and PCS subscale rumination (β = 0.193, p = 0.030), independently of pain intensity and risk behaviors for medication misuse. The effect of pain intensity was moderated by rumination, with pain intensity more strongly associated with dependence when rumination was high (interaction β = 0.192, p = 0.004). Logistic regression showed that the effect of pain intensity on severe dependence (measured categorically as LDQ score ≥ 20) was moderated by alexithymia, so that severe dependence was independently associated with the combination of intense pain and high alexithymia (interaction odds ratio = 7.26, 95% CIs = 1.63–32.42, p = 0.009). Conclusions: Rumination and alexithymia moderated the associations between pain intensity and psychological pain medication dependence, consistent with emotion regulation theory. This raises the possibility that specifically targeting rumination about pain and symptoms of alexithymia could potentially improve the effectiveness of psychological interventions for chronic pain and help people to avoid or reduce their psychological dependence on pain medication
Feasibility study of an Integrated Program for Aerospace vehicle Design (IPAD). Volume 3: Support of the design process
The user requirements for computer support of the IPAD design process are identified. The user-system interface, language, equipment, and computational requirements are considered
Relativistic ideal Fermi gas at zero temperature and preferred frame
We discuss the limit T->0 of the relativistic ideal Fermi gas of luxons
(particles moving with the speed of light) and tachyons (hypothetical particles
faster than light) based on observations of our recent paper: K. Kowalski, J.
Rembielinski and K.A. Smolinski, Phys. Rev. D, 76, 045018 (2007). For bradyons
this limit is in fact the nonrelativistic one and therefore it is not studied
herein
Asthma - is survival good enough?
Advances in asthma management, particularly the introduction of controller medication of which inhaled corticosteroids are the most important, has resulted in a steady decline in asthma mortality in most countries. This is usually accompanied by a decline in episodes of near-fatal asthma attacks and hospitalisations, and a reduction in other indicators of asthma morbidity. These gains have led to a shift in thinking on the management of asthma, away from simply preventing death and hospitalisations, toward achieving and maintaining sustained control of all clinical features
Gravitational Radiation from Preheating with Many Fields
Parametric resonances provide a mechanism by which particles can be created
just after inflation. Thus far, attention has focused on a single or many
inflaton fields coupled to a single scalar field. However, generically we
expect the inflaton to couple to many other relativistic degrees of freedom
present in the early universe. Using simulations in an expanding
Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker spacetime, in this paper we show how
preheating is affected by the addition of multiple fields coupled to the
inflaton. We focus our attention on gravitational wave production--an important
potential observational signature of the preheating stage. We find that
preheating and its gravitational wave signature is robust to the coupling of
the inflaton to more matter fields.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, v2 submission version, thank you for comments
Generalized r-Modes of the Maclaurin Spheroids
Analytical solutions are presented for a class of generalized r-modes of
rigidly rotating uniform density stars---the Maclaurin spheroids---with
arbitrary values of the angular velocity. Our analysis is based on the work of
Bryan; however, we derive the solutions using slightly different coordinates
that give purely real representations of the r-modes. The class of generalized
r-modes is much larger than the previously studied `classical' r-modes. In
particular, for each l and m we find l-m (or l-1 for the m=0 case) distinct
r-modes. Many of these previously unstudied r-modes (about 30% of those
examined) are subject to a secular instability driven by gravitational
radiation. The eigenfunctions of the `classical' r-modes, the l=m+1 case here,
are found to have particularly simple analytical representations. These r-modes
provide an interesting mathematical example of solutions to a hyperbolic
eigenvalue problem.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures; minor changes and additions as will appear in
the version to be published in Physical Review D, January 199
The future of AD clinical trials with the advent of anti-amyloid therapies: An CTAD Task Force report
BACKGROUND: Aducanumab (ADUHELMTM) was approved for the treatment of Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) in the US. This approval was supported by an effect on the cerebral amyloid plaque load and evidence of cognitive efficacy to be confirmed in post-marketing trials. Other anti-amyloid antibodies are under investigation in phase III (donanemab, lecanemab, gantenerumab) and have shown preliminary evidence of a cognitive benefit in phase II trials. Although these agents target a small segment of patients with mild cognitive impairment due to AD or mild AD dementia, their advent will change the design of future clinical trials both for anti-amyloid and non-amyloid drugs. These changes will promote the selection of patients in clinical trials by amyloid and tau biomarkers that identify patients with appropriate biology and may follow the treatment response to approved amyloid antibodies. The use of these agents creates the opportunity to test combined drug therapies and to conduct comparative assessments with innovative therapies and newly approved drugs available in clinical practice. Blood-based AD biomarkers should be implemented in research and could facilitate the recruitment into clinical trials. Anti-amyloid antibodies will have positive (e.g., more early diagnosis) and negative impacts (some subjects will be reluctant to participate in trials and risk assignment to placebo) on AD trials in the immediate future. We present the results of the CTAD Task Force on this topic, in Boston, November 6, 2021
Laplace transform of spherical Bessel functions
We provide a simple analytic formula in terms of elementary functions for the
Laplace transform j_{l}(p) of the spherical Bessel function than that appearing
in the literature, and we show that any such integral transform is a polynomial
of order l in the variable p with constant coefficients for the first l-1
powers, and with an inverse tangent function of argument 1/p as the coefficient
of the power l. We apply this formula for the Laplace transform of the memory
function related to the Langevin equation in a one-dimensional Debye model.Comment: 5 pages LATEX, no figures. Accepted 2002, Physica Script
Relativistic and Radiative Corrections to the Mollow Spectrum
The incoherent, inelastic part of the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a
laser-driven atom is known as the Mollow spectrum [B. R. Mollow, Phys. Rev.
188, 1969 (1969)]. Starting from this level of description, we discuss
theoretical foundations of high-precision spectroscopy using the resonance
fluorescence light of strongly laser-driven atoms. Specifically, we evaluate
the leading relativistic and radiative corrections to the Mollow spectrum, up
to the relative orders of (Z alpha)^2 and alpha(Z alpha)^2, respectively, and
Bloch-Siegert shifts as well as stimulated radiative corrections involving
off-resonant virtual states. Complete results are provided for the hydrogen
1S-2P_{1/2} and 1S-2P_{3/2} transitions; these include all relevant correction
terms up to the specified order of approximation and could directly be compared
to experimental data. As an application, the outcome of such experiments would
allow for a sensitive test of the validity of the dressed-state basis as the
natural description of the combined atom-laser system.Comment: 20 pages, 1 figure; RevTe
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