24 research outputs found
Grit ingestion and size-related consumption of tubers by Graylag Geese
In herbivorous birds the processing rate of food is constrained by gizzard capacity. To enhance digestive processes, many species ingest grit to grind the food. Grit ingestion, however, may further limit the capacity of file gizzard. Graylag Geese (Anser anser) wintering in SW Spain fed mainly on Alkali Bulrush (Scirpus maritimus) tubers, showing a preference for small tubers. This preference may be due to a faster disintegration of small tubers than larger ones inside the gizzard. As larger tubers are likely coarser than smaller tubers, more grit would be necessary to process larger tubers. However, the ingestion of more grit to grind large tubers would be at the expense of ingesting additional tubers because of gizzard capacity limitations. Under these circumstances, there may be an inverse relationship between tuber size and amount of grit ingested to optimize food ingestion. Indeed, we found such a relationship. Grit facilitated the disintegration of tubers. This suggests that relying on some amount of grit to facilitate the grinding of food should outweigh the loss of gizzard capacity to the amount of food ingested.Peer Reviewe
Sea-level rise: from global perspectives to local services
Coastal areas are highly diverse, ecologically rich, regions of key socio-economic activity, and are particularly sensitive to sea-level change. Over most of the 20th century, global mean sea level has risen mainly due to warming and subsequent expansion of the upper ocean layers as well as the melting of glaciers and ice caps. Over the last three decades, increased mass loss of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets has also started to contribute significantly to contemporary sea-level rise. The future mass loss of the two ice sheets, which combined represent a sea-level rise potential of âŒ65 m, constitutes the main source of uncertainty in long-term (centennial to millennial) sea-level rise projections. Improved knowledge of the magnitude and rate of future sea-level change is therefore of utmost importance. Moreover, sea level does not change uniformly across the globe and can differ greatly at both regional and local scales. The most appropriate and feasible sea level mitigation and adaptation measures in coastal regions strongly depend on local land use and associated risk aversion. Here, we advocate that addressing the problem of future sea-level rise and its impacts requires (i) bringing together a transdisciplinary scientific community, from climate and cryospheric scientists to coastal impact specialists, and (ii) interacting closely and iteratively with users and local stakeholders to co-design and co-build coastal climate services, including addressing the high-end risks
Sea-level rise: From global perspectives to local services
Coastal areas are highly diverse, ecologically rich, regions of key socio-economic activity, and are particularly sensitive to sea-level change. Over most of the 20th century, global mean sea level has risen mainly due to warming and subsequent expansion of the upper ocean layers as well as the melting of glaciers and ice caps. Over the last three decades, increased mass loss of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets has also started to contribute significantly to contemporary sea-level rise. The future mass loss of the two ice sheets, which combined represent a sea-level rise potential of âŒ65 m, constitutes the main source of uncertainty in long-term (centennial to millennial) sea-level rise projections. Improved knowledge of the magnitude and rate of future sea-level change is therefore of utmost importance. Moreover, sea level does not change uniformly across the globe and can differ greatly at both regional and local scales. The most appropriate and feasible sea level mitigation and adaptation measures in coastal regions strongly depend on local land use and associated risk aversion. Here, we advocate that addressing the problem of future sea-level rise and its impacts requires (i) bringing together a transdisciplinary scientific community, from climate and cryospheric scientists to coastal impact specialists, and (ii) interacting closely and iteratively with users and local stakeholders to co-design and co-build coastal climate services, including addressing the high-end risks
New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.
Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (PÂ <Â 5Â ĂÂ 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms
La prise de responsabilité des jeunes et les associations: Courcelles, une pédagogie de l'engagement
National audienceLes acteurs associatifs se plaignent souvent, et de façon rĂ©currente, de lâabsence de jeunes ou de militants, sans pour autant, basculer vers une analyse des mĂ©canismes qui permettraient, Ă des jeunes, de devenir des membres de lâassociation, engagĂ©s et porteurs du projet.Le propos est ici diffĂ©rent. Parler de la prise de responsabilitĂ© comme dâun processus, envisager la prise de responsabilitĂ© en tant que telle, consiste Ă passer dans un autre registre, celui dâun processus dans lequel lâindividu prend Ă sa charge et se voit confiĂ©, une responsabilitĂ©, câest-Ă -dire quelque chose quâil assumera mais aussi quelque chose quâon choisit de lui confier Ă la hauteur des capacitĂ©s quâon lui prĂȘte.En passant par diffĂ©rentes phases, plus ou moins rĂ©flĂ©chies avant ce travail, les personnes expĂ©rimentent Ă lâoccasion de diffĂ©rentes situations leur capacitĂ© Ă prendre en charge des tĂąches, des rĂ©alisations, face aux autres. Amener les personnes Ă entrer dans ces situations, Ă y Ă©prouver la possibilitĂ© dây faire ce qui est attendu, sont diffĂ©rentes modalitĂ©s permettant que progressivement, avec des niveaux dâimplication singuliers, le projet lui-mĂȘme de lâassociation se trouve pris en considĂ©ration.La prise de responsabilitĂ© comme processus se rĂ©vĂšle ĂȘtre un chemin sur lequel les protagonistes prennent conscience des leviers Ă prendre en compte pour que le sens du projet de lâassociation puisse se poursuivre, et donc aussi, des choses quâil ne faut pas modifier au risque sinon de voir lâensemble du fonctionnement remis en cause. De nombreuses situations vĂ©cues, analysĂ©es, discutĂ©es, dĂ©battues sont nĂ©cessaires pour sâapproprier les choses mais aussi pour les faire exister. Nous proposons dans cet ouvrage de raconter avec des vignettes et des rĂ©flexions thĂ©oriques les diffĂ©rentes Ă©tapes identifiĂ©es, leur contenu, les formes dâaccompagnement mises en place, les voies de re-mĂ©diation et de recours, et finalement, comment lâassociation donne du pouvoir dâagir aux jeunes qui forment la force vive de ce projet
Des seÌparations aux rencontres en camps et colos: rapport dâeÌvaluation du dispositif #GeÌneÌrationCampColo
PubliĂ© dans le cadre du projet GĂ©nĂ©rationCampColo.Rapport commanditĂ© par le MinistĂšre de la ville, de la jeunesse et des sports.e-ISBN 978-2-37443-004-1 (pdf volume 1) / 978-2-37443-005-8 (pdf volume 2).International audienceRenforcer la cohĂ©sion sociale et le vivre ensemble dans notre sociĂ©tĂ©, tout en favorisant les mixitĂ©s des jeunesses au sein des camps et des colos, et en contribuant Ă lâinnovation de ces institutions qui connaissent une dĂ©saffection chronique, un triple objectif du dispositif #GenerationCampColo que ce rapport dâĂ©valuation cherche Ă interroger. Outre des pistes dâinnovation, la recherche Ă©valuative interroge les maniĂšres de mixer les jeunesses et met en lumiĂšre les processus de sĂ©paration des publics, en amont, qui entravent les processus de mixitĂ©. Ces sĂ©parations dĂ©coulent des politiques publiques sectorielles et du mode de fonctionnement des camps et des colos. Comment passer alors dâune situation de sĂ©paration des jeunes, en publics hiĂ©rarchisĂ©s, Ă une Ă©galitĂ© de traitement dans lâorganisation des sĂ©jours ? Les rĂ©sultats montrent la nĂ©cessitĂ© de construire des sĂ©jours « inclusifs » basĂ©s sur un accĂšs inconditionnel et un accueil universel. Ces prĂ©alables permettront de questionner et discuter, autour d'un « faire ensemble » commun, les socialisations diffĂ©renciĂ©es et les reprĂ©sentations hiĂ©rarchisĂ©es.Consulter le sommaire : http://hdl.handle.net/10993/28054.</a
Des seÌparations aux rencontres en camps et colos Rapport dâeÌvaluation du dispositif #GeÌneÌrationCampColo
Renforcer la cohĂ©sion sociale et le vivre ensemble dans notre sociĂ©tĂ©, tout en favorisant les mixitĂ©s des jeunesses au sein des camps et des colos, et en contribuant Ă lâinnovation de ces institutions qui connaissent une dĂ©saffection chronique, un triple objectif du dispositif #GenerationCampColo que ce rapport dâĂ©valuation cherche Ă interroger. Outre des pistes dâinnovation, la recherche Ă©valuative interroge les maniĂšres de mixer les jeunesses et met en lumiĂšre les processus de sĂ©paration des publics, en amont, qui entravent les processus de mixitĂ©. Ces sĂ©parations dĂ©coulent des politiques publiques sectorielles et du mode de fonctionnement des camps et des colos.
Comment passer alors dâune situation de sĂ©paration des jeunes, en publics hiĂ©rarchisĂ©s, Ă une Ă©galitĂ© de traitement dans lâorganisation des sĂ©jours ?
Les résultats montrent la nécessité de construire des séjours « inclusifs » basés sur un accÚs inconditionnel et un accueil universel. Ces préalables permettront de questionner et discuter, autour d'un « faire ensemble » commun, les socialisations différenciées et les représentations hiérarchisées
Des seÌparations aux rencontres en camps et colos: Rapport dâeÌvaluation du dispositif #GeÌneÌrationCampColo
International audienceRenforcer la cohĂ©sion sociale et le vivre ensemble dans notre sociĂ©tĂ©, tout en favorisant les mixitĂ©s des jeunesses au sein des camps et des colos, et en contribuant Ă lâinnovation de ces institutions qui connaissent une dĂ©saffection chronique, un triple objectif du dispositif #GenerationCampColo que ce rapport dâĂ©valuation cherche Ă interroger. Outre des pistes dâinnovation, la recherche Ă©valuative interroge les maniĂšres de mixer les jeunesses et met en lumiĂšre les processus de sĂ©paration des publics, en amont, qui entravent les processus de mixitĂ©. Ces sĂ©parations dĂ©coulent des politiques publiques sectorielles et du mode de fonctionnement des camps et des colos. Comment passer alors dâune situation de sĂ©paration des jeunes, en publics hiĂ©rarchisĂ©s, Ă une Ă©galitĂ© de traitement dans lâorganisation des sĂ©jours ? Les rĂ©sultats montrent la nĂ©cessitĂ© de construire des sĂ©jours « inclusifs » basĂ©s sur un accĂšs inconditionnel et un accueil universel. Ces prĂ©alables permettront de questionner et discuter, autour d'un « faire ensemble » commun, les socialisations diffĂ©renciĂ©es et les reprĂ©sentations hiĂ©rarchisĂ©es
Effectiveness of Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm During Echocardiography
International audienceScreening patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is associated with reduced AAA-related mortality, but population screening is poorly implemented. Opportunistic screening during imaging for other indications might be efficient. Single-center series reported AAA rates of 0.8% to 6.5% in patients undergoing transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), with disparities due to selection bias. In this first multicenter study, we aimed to assess the feasibility and criteria for screening AAA during TTE in real-life practice. During a week of May 2011, 79 centers participated in a nationwide survey. All patients aged â„65 years requiring TTE for any indication were eligible, except for those with operated abdominal aorta. We defined AAA by an anteroposterior diameter of the infrarenal aortaâ„30 mm. Of 1,382 consecutive patients, abdominal aorta imaging was feasible in 96.7%, with a median delay of 1.7 minutes (>3 minutes in 3.6% of cases). We found AAA in 50 patients (3.7%). Unknown AAA (2.7%) was more frequent in men than women (3.7% vs 1.3%, respectively, p=0.007) and increased by age at 2.2%, 2.5%, and 5.8% in age bands of 65 to 74, 75 to 84, and 85+ years, respectively. None of the female participants aged <75 years had AAA. Smoking status and family history of AAA were significantly more frequent among patients with AAA. The ascending aorta was larger in those with AAA (36.2±4.7 vs 34.0±5.2 mm, p=0.006), and bicuspid aortic valve and/or major aortic regurgitation were also more frequent (8% vs 2.6%, p=0.017). In conclusion, rapid AAA screening during TTE is feasible and should be limited to men â„65 years and womenâ„75 years