Becoming a teacher in the developing world

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Normal variation in thermal radiated temperature in cattle: implications for foot-and-mouth disease detection

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Thermal imagers have been used in a number of disciplines to record animal surface temperatures and as a result detect temperature distributions and abnormalities requiring a particular course of action. Some work, with animals infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus, has suggested that the technique might be used to identify animals in the early stages of disease. In this study, images of 19 healthy cattle have been taken over an extended period to determine hoof and especially coronary band temperatures (a common site for the development of FMD lesions) and eye temperatures (as a surrogate for core body temperature) and to examine how these vary with time and ambient conditions.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results showed that under UK conditions an animal's hoof temperature varied from 10°C to 36°C and was primarily influenced by the ambient temperature and the animal's activity immediately prior to measurement. Eye temperatures were not affected by ambient temperature and are a useful indicator of core body temperature.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Given the variation in temperature of the hooves of normal animals under various environmental conditions the use of a single threshold hoof temperature will be at best a modest predictive indicator of early FMD, even if ambient temperature is factored into the evaluation.</p

Dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease virus replication in cells at different phases of the cell-division cycle

Foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV) replicates in epithelial cells. The restriction of FMDV RNA to the basal cell layer of epithelia suggests a possible link between FMDV replication in vivo and the cell status. This paper describes in vitro studies in which FMDV infection was investigated in cells that were held at various cell division phases using cell cycle inhibitors. The results suggest that when cells were arrested at the G<inf>1</inf> or G<inf>1</inf>/S phase, high levels of viral RNA were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR and viral protein synthesis was observed by specific labeling techniques. In contrast, when cells were arrested at the G<inf>2</inf>/M phase, reduced or no viral RNA synthesis was detected

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• Future directionThe Need for a FMD Ref La

1. Demande de publications

Simaïka Marcus H., Home John, Ghalib Kamil Osman, Wiet Gaston, Ahmad Mahmud. 1. Demande de publications. In: Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe. Fascicule 38, exercice 1936-1940, 1944. pp. 151-152

Sommaire

Simaïka Marcus H., Home John, Ghalib Kamil Osman, Wiet Gaston, Ahmad Mahmud. Sommaire. In: Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe. Fascicule 38, exercice 1936-1940, 1944. p. 151

2. Le Nilomètre de l'île de Rawḍa

Simaïka Marcus H., Home John, Ghalib Kamil Osman, Wiet Gaston, Ahmad Mahmud. 2. Le Nilomètre de l'île de Rawḍa. In: Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe. Fascicule 38, exercice 1936-1940, 1944. pp. 152-153

3. Monuments de la Basse-Egypte

Simaïka Marcus H., Home John, Ghalib Kamil Osman, Wiet Gaston, Ahmad Mahmud. 3. Monuments de la Basse-Egypte. In: Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe. Fascicule 38, exercice 1936-1940, 1944. pp. 153-154