DNA damaging and biochemical effects of potassium tetraborate

Potassium tetraborate (PTB) is a product resulting from the controlled reaction of potassium hydroxide, water and boric acid (BA). It is used in many areas of industry such as disinfectant, detergent and treatment of contact lenses. PTB is one of the boron compounds which is most commonly used in many areas of industry although very limited information is available concerning its toxicity. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to determine genetic and biochemical effects of PTB in human blood cell cultures (n=4). PTB was added into culture tubes at various concentrations (0-1280 μg/ml). Micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberration (CA) tests were performed for genotoxic damage influences estimation. In addition, biochemical parameters (total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) were examined to determine oxidative effects. The results indicated that all tested concentrations of PTB were found to be non-genotoxic. In addition, low concentrations (1.25, 2.5 and 5 μg/ml) of PTB caused increases of TAC levels. Furthermore, all concentrations of PTB were not changed the TOS levels in cultured human blood cells. Based on these results, in this study it has been reported for the first time that PTB is not genotoxic and it in creases the antioxidant capacity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

In vitro study of human lymphocytes cytological and biochemical effects by zingiberene

WOS: 000341584300009In this study, the cytological and biochemical effects of zingiberene (ZBN) on human lymphocytes cultures were investigated. the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were used for viability and cytotoxic evaluations. Micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberration (CA) tests were used for genetic evaluations. Moreover, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) analyses were used for biochemical evaluations. Utilizing the MTT and LDH assays, the cytotoxicity of ZBN was determined on lymphocyte cultures and the short-term lymphocyte cultures were incubated with various doses of the ZBN; the results demonstrated that the growth of lymphocytes cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. in addition, MNs and CAs in lymphocytes were not influenced by exposure to ZBN. Moreover, ZBN treatment caused increases in TAC levels in human lymphocytes without changing TOS levels. in conclusion, ZBN could be used as a suggested natural antioxidant for therapeutic, pharmaceutical and food applications

Tricyclic sesquiterpene copaene prevents H2O2-induced neurotoxicity

Aim: Copaene (COP), a tricyclic sesquiterpene, is present in several essential oils of medicinal and aromatic plants and has antioxidant and anticarcinogenic features. But, very little information is known about the effects of COP on oxidative stress induced neurotoxicity. Method: We used hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure for 6 h to model oxidative stress. Therefore, this experimental design allowed us to explore the neuroprotective potential of COP in H2O2-induced toxicity in rat cerebral cortex cell cultures for the first time. For this purpose, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays were carried out to evaluate cytotoxicity. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) parameters were used to evaluate oxidative changes. In addition to determining of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels, the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE or comet assay) was also performed for measuring the resistance of neuronal DNA to H2O2-induced challenge. Result: The results of this study showed that survival and TAC levels of the cells decreased, while TOS, 8-OH-dG levels and the mean values of the total scores of cells showing DNA damage increased in the H2O2 alone treated cultures. But pre-treatment of COP suppressed the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress which were increased by H2O2. Conclusion: It is proposed that COP as a natural product with an antioxidant capacity in mitigating oxidative injuries in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. [J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2014; 3(1.000): 21-28

Effects of copaene, a tricyclic sesquiterpene, on human lymphocytes cells in vitro

WOS: 000339107800008PubMed: 24287609In this study, the cytotoxic, genotoxic/antigenotoxic and antioxidant/oxidant activity of copaene (COP), a plant-derived tricyclic sesquiterpene, on human lymphocyte cultures (n = 5) was investigated. COP was added into culture tubes at various concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L). While the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were used for viability and cytotoxic evaluations, the micronucleus (MN) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assays were used for genetic evaluations. Moreover, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status analysis were used for biochemical evaluations. According to LDH and MTT assays COP significantly reduced cell proliferation at high concentrations (200 and 400 mg/L). in addition, there was no significant increase (P < 0.05) in both SCE and MN frequencies of cultures treated with COP as compared to controls. We have also concluded that concentrations of COP of 50 and 100 mg/L increased TAC level when compared to the controls. in conclusion, in this study it has been reported for the first time that copaene is not genotoxic and it increases the antioxidant capacity in human lymphocyte cultures

Effects of processing methods and extraction solvents on the chemical content and bioactive properties of propolis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactive properties of propolis extract prepared using different solvents and different extraction methods. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the differences between their antibacterial activities were evaluated by disc diffusion method. At the same time, bioactive properties of different concentrations of propolis extracts were investigated on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The proliferative effects and cytotoxic effects of the extracts were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) analyzes, respectively. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) parameters were used in assessing biochemical effects in the HUVEC cell line. The DNA damage was also analyzed by 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level as indicators of genotoxicity. As a result of the MTT analysis conducted within the scope of the present study, the extracts tested were sorted as 95% ethanol extract of propolis (PEE95) > ultrasonic ethanol extract of propolis (PUEE) > 50% ethanol extract of propolis (PEE50) > ultrasonic water extract of propolis (PUWE) in terms of the effectiveness of their cell viabilities. It was observed that high concentrations of PEE95 induced LDH release. In addition to this, our findings have shown that PEE50, PUEE and PUWE increased oxidative stress at high concentrations. According to 8-OH-dG analysis, all tested extracts were found to be non-genotoxic. The results obtained from antibacterial activity and minimum inhibition concentration tests showed that PUEE and PEE95 had stronger antibacterial effects than PEE50 and PUWE. All these results indicated that propolis has beneficial effects for human health and therefore it is a valuable product which can be used as a food supplement

CYTOTOXICITY AND GENOTOXICITY OF IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES: AN IN VITRO BIOSAFETY STUDY

With the development of nanotechnology and the wide use of iron oxide nanoparticles, it has become necessary to assess the potential adverse biological effects of magnetite. This study investigated the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative damage of different concentrations of magnetite (0 to 1000 mg/L) in human whole blood cultures. After supplementation of magnetite, the blood samples were incubated for 72 h. Cell viability was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) were determined to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of magnetite on the oxidant/antioxidant balance and to evaluate the potential oxidative injury due to increased oxidative stress. Genotoxicity was estimated by by the sister chromatid exchange (SCE), micronuclei (MN) and chromosome aberration (CA) assays and determination of 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels. The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that the higher concentrations of magnetite (100, 150, 300, 500 and 1000 mg/L) decreased cell viability. Concentrations of magnetite higher than 10 mg/L increased TOS levels and decreased TAC levels in human blood cells. Increasing concentrations of magnetite caused significant increases in MN, SCE and CA rates and 8-OH-dG levels. The obtained results showed that magnetite exerted dose-dependent effects on oxidative damage, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in human blood cells