Are European initiatives related to local spectrum allocation for private 5G networks ready for use in industrial cases?

[EN] The introduction of the Factory of the Future has revolutionised the manufacturing sector through the integration of various technologies such as Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs), Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), cloud computing and cyber-physical control systems (CPCS). These advances have created the need to develop novel communication systems to support new industrial requirements. Therefore, the fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) has become one of the most relevant alternatives in this field. However, the current regulations in Europe and the spectrum reserved for private 5G may not be sufficient to meet the requirements of some of the industrial applications for which it was conceived. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the private 5G network to identify the performance thresholds according to the requirements set by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for the selected industrial scenarios. This work proposes a comprehensive analysis of the feasibility of private 5G infrastructures to meet the industrial requirements studied for different use cases proposed by 3GPP. For this purpose, laboratory tests have been carried out to analyse the performance of a 5G physical network infrastructure and the results were compared with those obtained after modelling different scenarios using Simu5G, a 5G simulator based on the OMNeT++ framework. The conclusions drawn from this work have shown that, although 5G technology is a key enabler for the industrial sector, there are European private spectrum reservation initiatives that do not have sufficient performance to meet the more restrictive requirements for different uses defined by 3GPP, and therefore need to be adapted to drive the adoption of new spectrum reservations for this type of private infrastructure in industry.This work was supported in part by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 under Grant PID2021-123168NB-I00, in part by ERDF A way of making Europe, and in part by the Generalitat Valenciana through the Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial IVACE and FEDER under Grant IMDEEA/2023/53.Bartolín-Arnau, LM.; Vera-Pérez, J.; Sempere Paya, VM.; Silvestre-Blanes, J. (2024). Are European initiatives related to local spectrum allocation for private 5G networks ready for use in industrial cases?. IEEE Access. 12:19887-19901. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.335679019887199011

LoRaWAN Networks for Smart Applications in Rural Settings

[EN] The Internet of Things is becoming a key enabler for a wide range of novel applications. For example, Smart applications in rural environments can help optimizing agricultural resources. Given rural environment characteristics, the low power wide area network solution LoRaWAN is a perfect candidate, providing wide coverage of several kilometres, with low power consumption and robust communication. Nevertheless, rural scenarios introduce varying conditions that may affect during communication. This article characterizes applications and recommend configurations in rural settings and support using LoRaWAN networks, after validation with a network deployment on different areas that cover foreseen applications and environmental conditions.This work has been funded by Generalitat Valenciana through the "Instituto Valenciano de Competitividad Empresarial IVACE" [agreement IMAMCA/2022/11].Bartolín-Arnau, LM.; Todoli Ferrandis, D.; Sempere Paya, VM.; Silvestre-Blanes, J.; Santonja Climent, S. (2023). LoRaWAN Networks for Smart Applications in Rural Settings. IETE Technical Review. 40(3):440-452. https://doi.org/10.1080/02564602.2022.212177344045240