13 research outputs found

    Barriers to health care services for migrants living with HIV in Spain

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    BACKGROUND: In Spain, migrants are disproportionately affected by HIV and experience high rates of late diagnosis. We investigated barriers to health care access among migrants living with HIV (MLWH) in Spain. METHODS: Cross sectional electronic survey of 765 adult HIV-positive migrants recruited within 18 health care settings between July 2013 and July 2015. We collected epidemiological, demographic, behavioral and clinical data. We estimated the prevalence and risk factors of self-reported barriers to health care using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Of those surveyed, 672 (88%) had information on health care access barriers: 23% were women, 63% from Latin America and Caribbean, 14% from Sub-Saharan Africa and 15% had an irregular immigration status. Men were more likely to report barriers than women (24% vs. 14%, P = 0.009). The main barriers were: lengthy waiting times for an appointment (9%) or in the clinic (7%) and lack of a health card (7%). Having an irregular immigration status was a risk factor for experiencing barriers for both men (OR: (4.0 [95%CI: 2.2–7.2]) and women (OR: 10.5 [95%CI: 3.1–34.8]). Men who experienced racial stigma (OR: 3.1 [95%CI: 1.9–5.1]) or food insecurity (OR: 2.1 [95%CI: 1.2–3.4]) were more likely to report barriers. Women who delayed treatment due to medication costs (6.3 [95%CI: 1.3–30.8]) or had a university degree (OR: 5.8 [95%CI: 1.3–25.1]) were more likely to report barriers. CONCLUSION: Health care barriers were present in one in five5 MLWH, were more common in men and were associated to legal entitlement to access care, perceived stigma and financial constraints

    A Variação do método de incremento de cargas não altera a determinação do limiar de lactato em exercício resistido Variation in the incremental workload method does not change the lactate threshold determination in resistance exercise

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    Com o objetivo de analisar e comparar diferentes protocolos incrementais (PI) em exercĂ­cio resistido para a identificação do limiar de lactato (LL), 12 voluntĂĄrios homens (23,3 ± 1,6 anos) adaptados ao exercĂ­cio resistido foram submetidos a dois testes incrementais realizados em leg press 45Âș (LP). Os PI's foram: 1) relativo ao teste da carga mĂĄxima (PI%1RM), com incrementos de 19, 28, 32, 37, 41, 45, 55 e 60% de 1RM; 2) relativo ao peso corporal (PI%PC), com incrementos de 17, 33, 50, 67, 83, 100, 117 e 133% do PC. Em ambos os PI's a duração de cada estĂĄgio foi de 1 min, sendo realizadas 30 repetiçÔes em cada. Durante os intervalos entre cada estĂĄgio (2 min para o PI%1RM e de 1 min para o PI%PC) foram coletados do lĂłbulo da orelha, 25”L de sangue capilarizado, os quais foram depositados em microtĂșbulos Eppendorff para posterior dosagem das concentraçÔes de lactato sanguĂ­neo [Lac]. Foi possĂ­vel identificar o LL a partir da resposta das [Lac] nos diferentes protocolos. NĂŁo foram observadas diferenças significativas entre o LL determinado por cargas absolutas (PI%1RM - 72,3 ± 12,5 vs. PI%PC - 65,9 ± 11,5kg; p > 0,05) e relativas (PI%1RM - 32,3 ± 4,2 vs. PI%PC - 31,6 ± 4,3%; p > 0,05). Alta correlação foi observada entre os PI's, tanto para cargas absolutas (r = 0,90; p < 0,01) como relativas (r = 0,83; p < 0,01). Concluiu-se que, apesar de modificaçÔes realizadas nos protocolos adotados, foi possĂ­vel identificar o LL em LP na amostra estudada, em que as intensidades relativas e absolutas a esses limiares nĂŁo diferiram e apresentaram correlação entre si. Sugere-se a identificação do LL em exercĂ­cio resistido atravĂ©s de protocolo com incrementos relativos ao PC, tendo em vista a vantagem de nĂŁo ser necessĂĄrio submeter o avaliado Ă  aplicação prĂ©via de um teste de carga mĂĄxima.<br>The aim of this investigation was to analyze and compare different incremental protocols (IP) to identify the lactate threshold (LT) in resistance exercise. 12 male volunteers (23.3 ± 1.6 years) adapted to resistance exercise were submitted to two incremental tests performed in leg-press 45Âș (LP). The IP were: 1) concerned with the maximum workload test (IP%1RM), with incremental load corresponding to 19, 28, 32, 37, 41, 45, 55 and 60% of 1RM; 2) concerned with the body weight (IP%BW), with incremental load of 17, 33, 50, 67, 83, 100, 117 and 133% of the BW. Both IP had stage duration of 1-min, each with 30 repetitions. During intervals between stages (2-min to IP%1RM and 1-min to IP%BW), 25 ”L of blood were collected from ear lobe and then placed in Eppendorff microtubes for blood lactate concentration [Lac] dosing. It was possible to identify LT from the responses of the [Lac] in both protocols. No significant differences were observed between the LT intensities determined by absolute (IP%1RM - 72.3 ± 12.5 vs. IP%BW - 65.9 ± 11.5 kg; p > 0.05) and relative loads (IP%1RM - 32.3 ± 4.2 vs. IP%BW - 31.6 ± 4.3 %1-RM; p > 0.05). High correlation was observed between the IP%1RM and IP%BW both for absolute (r = 0.90; p < 0.01) as well as for relative loads (r = 0.83; p < 0.01). In conclusion, despite protocols modifications during the incremental test on resistance exercise, it was possible to identify the LT in LP in the studies sample in which relative and absolute intensities did not differ from each other and presented high correlation between them. The results suggest that LT in resistance exercise should be identified through a protocol with increments based on the BW %. Such procedure has the advantage of not submitting the participant to a previous 1 RM incremental test

    Taxa de permanĂȘncia hospitalar de pacientes reinternados em hospital psiquiĂĄtrico

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    OBJETIVO: Analisar a relação entre caracterĂ­sticas sociodemogrĂĄficas e taxa de permanĂȘncia hospitalar, entendida como a razĂŁo entre a quantidade total de dias internado e o nĂșmero total de internaçÔes, em 114 pacientes reinternantes em hospital psiquiĂĄtrico estadual. MÉTODOS: Os dados demogrĂĄficos referentes a sexo, idade, estado civil, nĂ­vel de instrução e cor foram levantados nos prontuĂĄrios mĂ©dicos dos pacientes. JĂĄ dados sobre os aspectos sociais referentes a situação ocupacional, recebimento de benefĂ­cio, residĂȘncia, acompanhantes, visitas e telefonemas durante a internação foram colhidos por meio da aplicação de um questionĂĄrio aos profissionais do hospital. RESULTADOS: A anĂĄlise estatĂ­stica mostrou que os sujeitos que apresentaram maior taxa de permanĂȘncia hospitalar foram do sexo feminino, entre 40 e 49 anos, viĂșvos ou divorciados, negros, que residiam com outras pessoas e que nĂŁo recebiam visitas durante o perĂ­odo em que se encontravam internados. CONCLUSÃO: Esses achados apontam para a existĂȘncia de relação entre caracterĂ­sticas sociodemogrĂĄficas e taxa de permanĂȘncia, sugerindo a importĂąncia da rede de apoio social na reabilitação do pacientes com histĂłria de internaçÔes recorrentes
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