El contrato colectivo sindical: una expresión del derecho de asociación sindical o una forma de tercerización en Colombia

En Colombia el derecho de asociación sindical presenta las siguientes dimensiones: Una dimensión individual, que se traduce en la posibilidad que tienen los trabajadores de organizar sindicatos y de ingresar, permanecer o retirarse de la organización sindical que deseen en su lugar de trabajo, puesto que en una empresa pueden coexistir varios sindicatos; una dimensión colectiva, vinculada a la idea básica de la libertad sindical y conforme a la cual se garantiza tanto la autonomía para la conformación de las organizaciones sindicales, con sujeción al orden legal y a los principios democráticos, y al margen de toda restricción, intromisión o intervención del Estado, como la capacidad que tienen estas organizaciones para promover no sólo los intereses laborales de sus afiliados, sino también su visión de la política general en temas que afectan o convocan a los trabajadores como “…ciudadanos de una democracia participativa”, y una dimensión instrumental, en la medida que la asociación sindical se crea “…sobre la base de un vínculo jurídico, necesario para la consecución de unos fines que las personas van a desarrollar en el ámbito de la formación social”, en especial, la negociación y suscripción de una convención colectiva, con la salvedad que en nuestro ordenamiento se predica de los sindicatos de empleados públicos

Trabajo a domicilio y derecho a la desconexión en Colombia

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El contrato colectivo sindical

En Colombia el derecho de asociación sindical presenta las siguientes dimensiones: Una dimensión individual, que se traduce en la posibilidad que tienen los trabajadores de organizar sindicatos y de ingresar, permanecer o retirarse de la organización sindical que deseen en su lugar de trabajo, puesto que en una empresa pueden coexistir varios sindicatos; una dimensión colectiva, vinculada a la idea básica de la libertad sindical y conforme a la cual se garantiza tanto la autonomía para la conformación de las organizaciones sindicales, con sujeción al orden legal y a los principios democráticos, y al margen de toda restricción, intromisión o intervención del Estado, como la capacidad que tienen estas organizaciones para promover no sólo los intereses laborales de sus afiliados, sino también su visión de la política general en temas que afectan o convocan a los trabajadores como “…ciudadanos de una democracia participativa”, y una dimensión instrumental, en la medida que la asociación sindical se crea “…sobre la base de un vínculo jurídico, necesario para la consecución de unos fines que las personas van a desarrollar en el ámbito de la formación social”, en especial, la negociación y suscripción de una convención colectiva, con la salvedad que en nuestro ordenamiento se predica de los sindicatos de empleados públicos

Protección de la seguridad social en el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

The Inter American Human Rights System has protected the social security using diverse covenants, declarations and decisions. For that reason several requirements to process a claim or petition before the Commission and the Inter American Human Rights Court, the social security, the mechanism to achieve this right within the system and other relevant cases are analyzed hereby.El Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos ha protegido la seguridad social por medio de diferentes convenios, declaraciones y decisiones. Por tal razón, en el presente trabajo se analizan la seguridad social, los requisitos para tramitar una queja o petición ante la Comisión y la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, los mecanismos para lograr la protección de este derecho en el sistema y los casos más relevantes de estos procedimientos

Aplicación de la Convención Colectiva de Trabajo a los contratistas del instituto de seguros sociales en virtud del principio de primacía de la realidad.

ABSTRACT: In the Social Security Institute (ISS) was observed professional personnel and employees about health linked through employment contracts and other contracts to provide services, but the latter only received fees and no employment benefits enjoyed social security and the collective labor agreement. For this reason, those professionals and health workers without employment relationship have used the principle of the primacy of facts indicating that in case of divergence between what happens in realityand what was reflected in the documents should be given prevalence to what arises in practice the existence, to request the claim of labor rights and social security enshrined in the collective labor agreement.RESUMEN: En el Instituto de Seguros Sociales (ISS) se observaba a unos profesionales y trabadores de la salud vinculados por medio de contratos de trabajo y a otros con contratos de prestación de servicios; sin embargo, los últimos solo recibían honorarios y no disfrutaban de los beneficios laborales y de seguridad social de la convención colectiva de trabajo. Por tal razón, aquellos profesionales y trabajadores de la salud sin vinculación laboral han utilizado el principio de primacía de la realidad que indica queen caso de divergencia entre lo que ocurre en la realidad y lo que se ha plasmado en los documentos, debe darse prevalencia a lo que surge en la práctica la existencia; para solicitar la reclamar de los derechos laborales y de seguridad social consignados en la convención colectiva de trabajo

Pre-operative evaluation of the volume of bone graft in sinus lifts by means of CompuDent

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of the CompuDent program in determining the pre-operative volume of bone graft in maxillary sinus floor lifts, and to calculate the volume of graft necessary for rehabilitation using varying lengths of implants. Study design: Based on the CompuDent program, we calculated the volume of graft necessary for 47 sinus lifts. This volume was measured in order to raise the floor of each sinus to 13.4 and 15 mm in height. Results: The average volume of graft in order to achieve a lift of 13?4 mm was 2.42 cm³ for the right maxillary sinus, with a range from 1.4 cm³ to 4.1 cm³, and 2.50 cm³ for the left maxillary sinus, with a range from 1.04 cm³ to 3.79 cm³. The average volume of graft in order to achieve a lift of 15 mm was 3.01 cm³ for the right maxillary sinus, with a range from 1.78 cm³ to 4.59 cm³, and 3.09 cm³ for the left maxillary sinus, with a range from 1.42 cm³ to 4.49 cm³. The statistical results provided by the Pearson Correlation show a significant inversely proportional correlation between the average of the heights and the volume of graft in the sinus. In addition, there is a clear correlation between the average volumes to be grafted for the respective heights 13.4 mm and 15 mm. Conclusions: The CompuDent program is an effective tool in determining the volume of bone graft given its simplicity, rapidness and possibility of standardization in all pre-surgical procedures

Identification of germline cancer predisposition variants in pediatric sarcoma patients from somatic tumor testing

Genetic predisposition is an important risk factor for cancer in children and adolescents but detailed associations of individual genetic mutations to childhood cancer are still under intense investigation. Among pediatric cancers, sarcomas can arise in the setting of cancer predisposition syndromes. The association of sarcomas with these syndromes is often missed, due to the rarity and heterogeneity of sarcomas and the limited search of cancer genetic syndromes. This study included 43 pediatric and young adult patients with different sarcoma subtypes. Tumor profiling was undertaken using the Oncomine Childhood Cancer Research Assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Sequencing results were reviewed for potential germline alterations in clinically relevant genes associated with cancer predisposition syndromes. Jongmans´ criteria were taken into consideration for the patient selection. Fifteen patients were selected as having potential pathogenic germline variants due to tumor sequencing that identified variants in the following genes: CDKN2A, NF1, NF2, RB1, SMARCA4, SMARCB1 and TP53. The variants found in NF1 and CDKN2A in two different patients were detected in the germline, confirming the diagnosis of a cancer predisposition syndrome. We have shown that the results of somatic testing can be used to identify those at risk of an underlying cancer predisposition syndrome.This work was funded by Research Projects from Navarra Government (Ref. 54/2018), the Jesús de Gangoiti Barrera Foundation (FJGB18/004 and FJGB19/001), Asociación Pablo Ugarte APU (APU-osteosarcoma), La Cuadri del Hospi (BC/A/17/008), EITB Media AND BIOEF, SAU (BIO20/CI/015/BCB and BIO20/CI/011/BCB), Basque Government (2021111030) and Fundación La Caixa with Niños Contra el Cáncer. P.A.-P. is supported by a Basque Government fellowship (PRE_2021_2_0048)

Human population and socioeconomic modulators of conservation performance in 788 Amazonian and Atlantic Forest reserves

Protected areas form a quintessential component of the global strategy to perpetuate tropical biodiversity within relatively undisturbed wildlands, but they are becoming increasingly isolated by rapid agricultural encroachment. Here we consider a network of 788 forest protected areas (PAs) in the world’s largest tropical country to examine the degree to which they remain intact, and their responses to multiple biophysical and socioeconomic variables potentially affecting natural habitat loss under varying contexts of rural development. PAs within the complex Brazilian National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) are broken down into two main classes—strictly protected and sustainable use. Collectively, these account for 22.6% of the forest biomes within Brazil’s national territory, primarily within the Amazon and the Atlantic Forest, but are widely variable in size, ecoregional representation, management strategy, and the degree to which they are threatened by human activities both within and outside reserve boundaries. In particular, we examine the variation in habitat conversion rates in both strictly protected and sustainable use reserves as a function of the internal and external human population density, and levels of land-use revenue in adjacent human-dominated landscapes. Our results show that PAs surrounded by heavily settled agro-pastoral landscapes face much greater challenges in retaining their natural vegetation, and that strictly protected areas are considerably less degraded than sustainable use reserves, which can rival levels of habitat degradation within adjacent 10-km buffer areas outside

Sedation and analgesia recommendations for non-anesthesiologist physicians and dentists in patients over 12 years old

Las complicaciones relacionadas con la sedación son, en su enorme mayoría, prevenibles. El presente documento establece unas recomendaciones para que los no anestesiólogos puedan realizar sedaciones nivel I y II con un buen nivel de seguridad. Sus aspectos más importantes son: administración de la sedación por una persona diferente del operador; recomendaciones en cuanto a la capacitación, la monitorización, el uso de un solo medicamento para la sedación y la disponibilidad de medicamentos y equipos de respaldo; la necesidad de realizar una evaluación previa a la sedación, así como el consentimiento informado y el registro durante el procedimiento; y recomendaciones para considerar un bajo umbral con el fin de solicitar el apoyo de un anestesiólogo.Q4Most of the complications related to sedation are preventable. This document defines some recommendations for non-anesthesiologists so that they can provide sedation level I and II with adequate safety. The most important recommendations are: that the sedation be provided by someone different from the person who performs the surgical procedure; designation of the training and monitoring of thje person who sedates; the use of only one medication for sedation, and the availability of medications and equipment to manage complications; the mandatory need of an assessment prior to the sedation, as well as informed consent and record of events during the procedure; and the recommendation of having a low threshold to request the support of an anesthesiologist.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-0350https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6109-7991https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9219-4548https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-751XRevista Nacional - Indexad

Identification of germline cancer predisposition variants in pediatric sarcoma patients from somatic tumor testing

Genetic predisposition is an important risk factor for cancer in children and adolescents but detailed associations of individual genetic mutations to childhood cancer are still under intense investigation. Among pediatric cancers, sarcomas can arise in the setting of cancer predisposition syndromes. The association of sarcomas with these syndromes is often missed, due to the rarity and heterogeneity of sarcomas and the limited search of cancer genetic syndromes. This study included 43 pediatric and young adult patients with different sarcoma subtypes. Tumor profiling was undertaken using the Oncomine Childhood Cancer Research Assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Sequencing results were reviewed for potential germline alterations in clinically relevant genes associated with cancer predisposition syndromes. Jongmans¿ criteria were taken into consideration for the patient selection. Fifteen patients were selected as having potential pathogenic germline variants due to tumor sequencing that identified variants in the following genes: CDKN2A, NF1, NF2, RB1, SMARCA4, SMARCB1 and TP53. The variants found in NF1 and CDKN2A in two different patients were detected in the germline, confirming the diagnosis of a cancer predisposition syndrome. We have shown that the results of somatic testing can be used to identify those at risk of an underlying cancer predisposition syndrome