Evaluating air traffic flow management in a collaborative decision-making environment

The collaborative decision-making (CDM) framework introduced into ground delay programs in the late 1990s is an integral component of FAA's traffic flow management (TFM) procedures. CDM allows FAA to act as a mediator when managing TFM programs, transferring as much decision making as possible to the individual airlines. Although this approach has been highly successful in practice, it creates a new question for the research community: How should proposed enhancements to TFM be evaluated in a CDM environment? A sequential evaluation procedure, developed in this paper, addresses this question. The procedure includes airline disruption responses and a quasi-compression operation, attempting to mimic the three-stage CDM process. To model airline disruption responses, an integer optimization model was developed to balance operational and passenger considerations in determining which flights to cancel, swap, or delay. The value of this procedure is demonstrated by analyzing an optimization-based TFM approach in the CDM environment

A Model for Employee Recreation Programming

A review of programming techniques used in employee services is presented. A study utilizing an interest finder was conducted to illustrate the importance of needs assessment in program development. The results demonstrate the importance in identifying types of outcomes as a base process to greater understanding of activities, especially from a participant viewpoint

The Road to Reorganization: The First Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Virginia, May 18-25, 1785

Following the War of Independence the Anglican church in the United States was all but defunct. In the eyes of many American communicants, political independence from England necessitated a comparable ecclesiastical divorce. The postwar years produced various plans aimed at the reorganization of the Protestant Episcopal Church. The Episcopalians of Maryland and Pennsylvania took the lead in awakening their brethren to the advantages of national unification. How did Virginia, perhaps the most Anglicanized state of all, respond to this call for religious solidarity? This matter, and others, were addressed at the first convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Virginia, held in Richmond, from May 18th to the 25th, 1785. Unlike other state meetings, the Virginia Convention, consisting of both lay and clerical delegates, produced a set of resolutions unprecedented in terms of intellectual and organizational articulation. The final position taken by the Virginia Episcopalians was characterized by a balance between the desire, prevalent among most states, for national unification, and a traditional beckoning of provincialism, common to the Old Dominion in matters of policy­making

A Survey of Selected Factors for Families as Recreational Spectators at Professional Sports Events

This article raises the question about the role of the family as spectators at sporting events. It was found that most professional sports organizations are not concerned about the family as a target market

Foundations in Wisconsin: A Directory [32nd ed. 2013]

The 2013 edition of Foundations in Wisconsin marks the 32nd production of the print directory and the 13th year of the online version. The directory is designed as a research tool for grantseekers interested in locating information on private, corporate, and community foundations registered in Wisconsin. Each entry in this new edition has been updated or reviewed to provide the most current information available. Most of the data was drawn from IRS 990-PF tax returns filed by the foundations. Additional information was obtained from surveys, foundation websites, annual reports, and newsletters.https://epublications.marquette.edu/lib_fiw/1011/thumbnail.jp

A Method for the Study of Human Factors in Aircraft Operations

A method for the study of human factors in the aviation environment is described. A conceptual framework is provided within which pilot and other human errors in aircraft operations may be studied with the intent of finding out how, and why, they occurred. An information processing model of human behavior serves as the basis for the acquisition and interpretation of information relating to occurrences which involve human error. A systematic method of collecting such data is presented and discussed. The classification of the data is outlined

Endothelin-Stimulated Capacitative Calcium Entry in Enteric Glial Cells: Synergistic Effects of Protein Kinase C Activity and Nitric Oxide

Depletion of intracellular calcium stores by agonist stimulation is coupled to calcium influx across the plasma membrane, a process termed capacitative calcium entry. Capacitative calcium entry was examined in cultured guinea pig enteric glial cells exposed to endothelin 3. Endothelin 3 (10 n M ) caused mobilization of intracellular calcium stores followed by influx of extracellular calcium. This capacitative calcium influx was inhibited by Ni 2+ (89 ± 2%) and by La 3+ (78 ± 2%) but was not affected by L-, N-, or P-type calcium channel blockers. Chelerythrine, a specific antagonist of protein kinase C, dose-dependently inhibited capacitative calcium entry. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N G -nitro-l-arginine decreased calcium influx in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of chelerythrine and N G -nitro-l-arginine produced synergistic inhibitory effects. Capacitative calcium entry occurs in enteric glial cells via lanthanum-inhibitable channels through a process regulated by protein kinase C and nitric oxide.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65161/1/j.1471-4159.1998.71010205.x.pd