Detection of Nonnucleoside Reverse‐Transcriptase Inhibitor–Resistant HIV‐1 after Discontinuation of Virologically Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

Using standard and ultrasensitive techniques, we detected nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor–associated resistance mutations in 11 (20%) of 54 subjects who discontinued virologically suppressive nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor–containing antiretroviral therapy. Resistance was detected in 45% and 14% of subjects with a baseline human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA level of 51–400 copies/mL and ≤50 copies/mL, respectively. Mutations remained detectable for at least 48 weeks in some subjects

The handbook of journal publishing

The Handbook of Journal Publishing is a comprehensive reference work written by experienced professionals, covering all aspects of journal publishing, both online and in print. Journals are crucial to scholarly communication, but changes in recent years in the way journals are produced, financed, and used make this an especially turbulent and challenging time for journal publishers - and for authors, readers, and librarians. The Handbook offers a thorough guide to the journal publishing process, from editing and production through marketing, sales, and fulfilment, with chapters on management, finances, metrics, copyright, and ethical issues. It provides a wealth of practical tools, including checklists, sample documents, worked examples, alternative scenarios, and extensive lists of resources, which readers can use in their day-to-day work. Between them, the authors have been involved in every aspect of journal publishing over several decades and bring to the text their experience working for a wide range of publishers in both the not-for-profit and commercial sectors

The State of Knowledge about Grizzly Bears (Kakenokuskwe osow Muskwa (Cree), Ursus arctos) in Northern Manitoba

Grizzly bears have been observed with increasing frequency in northern Manitoba, Canada over the last four decades (1980 – 2020), likely originating from the established population in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. We summarize and present an interdisciplinary synthesis of documented observations of grizzly bears in northern Manitoba from historical records from the Hudson’s Bay Company Archives, published literature, direct observations, remote camera observations, government agency reports, the first author’s field notes, volunteered observations, and media and social media reports. A total of 160 observations were recorded, 140 of them since 1980. Spatially, these observations all fall within the Southern Arctic, Hudson Plains, and Taiga Shield ecozones within Manitoba and span from the northern limit of Manitoba at the Nunavut border to the south shore of the Nelson River. Grizzly bears were historically present in northern Manitoba prior to 1980, though in very low numbers, but the frequency of observations has increased significantly since then. Most observations (86%) were less than 1 km from the Hudson Bay coast. Grizzly bears appear to select for open habitats and against forested ones. Reported observations, however, have been largely opportunistic, and the geographical distribution of observer efforts was uneven, so our data likely contain spatial and temporal biases. All confirmed observations were of single bears, suggesting that the present population is likely maintained by dispersal from the population to the north. Understanding grizzly bear ecology, distribution, and demographics north and west of Churchill will be critical for more accurately assessing the status and conservation needs of grizzly bears in the province.   Au cours des quatre dernières décennies (1980 – 2020), de plus en plus de grizzlis ont été observés dans le nord du Manitoba, au Canada, vraisemblablement en provenance de la population établie au Nunavut et dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest. Nous résumons et présentons une synthèse interdisciplinaire d’observations documentées de grizzlis dans le nord du Manitoba à partir de dossiers historiques des archives de la Compagnie de la Baie d’Hudson, d’ouvrages publiés, d’observations directes, d’observations en provenance de caméras à distance, de rapports d’organismes gouvernementaux, de notes prises sur le terrain par les principaux auteurs, d’observations participatives ainsi que de signalements prélevés dans les médias et les médias sociaux. Dans l’ensemble, 160 observations ont été consignées, dont 140 depuis 1980. Du point de vue géographique, ces observations ont toutes été faites dans les écozones du sud de l’Arctique, des plaines hudsoniennes et de la taïga du Bouclier du Manitoba, allant de la limite nord du Manitoba à la frontière du Nunavut jusqu’à la rive sud du fleuve Nelson. Les grizzlis étaient présents dans le nord du Manitoba avant 1980, bien qu’en très petits nombres, mais la fréquence des observations s’est accrue considérablement depuis cette époque. La plupart des observations (86 %) ont été faites à moins d’un kilomètre de la côte de la baie d’Hudson. Les grizzlis semblent opter pour les habitats ouverts au détriment des habitats forestiers. Cependant, les observations signalées sont largement opportunistes et la répartition géographique des efforts des observateurs n’était pas égale, ce qui signifie que nos données sont vraisemblablement empreintes d’un biais spatial et d’un biais temporel. Toutes les observations confirmées se rapportaient à des ours seuls, ce qui suggère que la présente population découle probablement de la dispersion de la population du Nord. La compréhension de l’écologie, de la répartition et de la démographie des grizzlis au nord et à l’ouest de Churchill jouera un rôle critique dans l’évaluation plus précise de l’état des grizzlis et de leurs besoins en conservation au sein de la province

Detection of Nonnucleoside Reverse‐Transcriptase Inhibitor–Resistant HIV‐1 after Discontinuation of Virologically Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

Using standard and ultrasensitive techniques, we detected nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor–associated resistance mutations in 11 (20%) of 54 subjects who discontinued virologically suppressive nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor–containing antiretroviral therapy. Resistance was detected in 45% and 14% of subjects with a baseline human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA level of 51–400 copies/mL and ≤50 copies/mL, respectively. Mutations remained detectable for at least 48 weeks in some subjects