Dos nuevas localizaciones para España de Bulinus truncatus (Audouin, 1827) (Gastropoda: Planorbidae), hospedador intermediario de Schistosomiasis urinaria

Dues noves localitzacions per a Espanya de Bulinus truncatus (Audouin, 1827) (Gastropoda, Planorbidae), hoste intermediari de la Schistosomiasis urinària Durant l’any 2014, els autors han trobat dues noves poblacions de Bulinus truncatus a Espanya. En una, la llacuna de Villena (Alacant), que va ser dessecada al començament del segle XIX, només hi van trobar conquilles, mentre que a l’altra, situada a El Ejido (Almeria), hi van trobar milers d’exemplars vius. L’enclavament de Villena té un gran interès biogeogràfic perquè enllaça les poblacions catalanes amb les andaluses atès que fins ara no se’n coneixia la presència ni a Múrcia ni a la Comunitat Valenciana. La població d’Almeria ha estat objecte d’un estudi conquiliològic i molecular (gen cox1 de l’ADN mitocondrial) que ha revelat un 100% d’homologia amb altres poblacions de B. truncatus les seqüències de les quals estan disponibles al GenBank. La troballa d’Almeria presenta un gran interès davant la possible arribada a Espanya de la Schistosomiasis urinària i l’establiment d’una transmissió autòctona, tal com ja ha succeït en altres països europeus en el passat i recentment.Two new locations in Spain of Bulinus truncatus (Audouin, 1827) (Gastropoda, Planorbidae), intermediate host of urinary Schistosomiasis Two new populations of the planorbid snail species Bulinus truncatus were found in Spain in 2014. The first consisted of shells only, found in the lagoon of Villena (province of Alicante), which had dried up at the beginning of the 19th century. This finding is of important biogeographic interest because it links the presence of this species in northern Catalonia with its detection in southern Andalucia as this species had not been found previously in the regions of Murcia or Valencia. The second population was found in El Ejido (province of Almeria), and thousands of living specimens were found here. This allowed a complete shell characterisation and molecular assessment by means of sequencing the cox1 gene of the mitochondrial DNA genome, which showed 100% homology with sequences of other populations of the same snail species available in the GenBank. The finding of B. truncatus in Almeria is of additional value given the applied importance of this planorbid species as a vector of urinary Schistosomiasis, thus representing a risk of introduction and autochthonous transmission of the disease in Spain, as has occurred in other southern European countries in the past and recently.Durante 2014, los autores han hallado dos nuevas poblaciones de Bulinus truncatus en España. En una de ellas, la laguna de Villena (Alicante), que fue desecada a principios del siglo XIX, sólo se encontraron conchas, mientras que en la otra, que se encuentra en El Ejido (Almería), se hallaron miles de ejemplares vivos. El enclave de Villena tiene un gran interés biogeográfico pues enlaza las poblaciones catalanas con las andaluzas, ya que ni en Murcia ni hasta ahora en la Comunidad Valenciana se conocía su presencia. La población almeriense ha sido objeto de estudio conquiliológico y molecular (gen cox1 del ADN mitocondrial) detectándose un 100% de homología con otras poblaciones de B. truncatus cuyas secuencias ya están disponibles en el GenBank. El hallazgo almeriense es de gran interés por la posible llegada a España de la Schistosomiasis urinaria y establecerse una transmisión autóctona, como ha ocurrido ya en otros países europeos en el pasado y recientemente

Principales vectores de Fasciola hepatica en América del Sur: Análisis del adnr y adnmt de Lymnaea neotropica y Lymnaea viatrix

La fascioliasis humana es una enfermedad emergente en muchas partes del mundo, que puede presentar diferentes patrones epidemiológicos. Las especies de caracoles dentro del grupo Galba/Fossaria, tales como Lymnaea cubensis, L. neotropica, L. viatrix y Galba truncatula, aparecen frecuentemente involucradas en la transmisión de Fasciola hepatica en América Central y Sur. No obstante la clasificación morfológica y anatómica por especies es a menudo muy difícil. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el uso potencial de análisis moleculares en la identificación específica de caracoles vectores que podrían estar condicionando la epidemiología de la fascioliasis

Aves migratorias acuáticas como posibles agentes dispersores de Lymnaeidos vectores en América del Sur

El papel de las aves acuáticas migratorias como agentes de dispersión de caracoles fue ya señalado como hipótesis por Darwin como una eficiente forma de transporte de larga distancia (excluyendo la interferencia humana), dado que las aves migratorias pueden desplazarse cientos de kilómetros en pocos días. Galba truncatula es el hospedador intermediario de Fasciola hepática más eficiente. Este caracol de origen europeo fue introducido en el Altiplano Boliviano en los últimos 500 años. Recientemente, esta especie también se ha descrito en la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina, 2000 km más al sur, separadas por bastas zonas desérticas y montañosas

Riesgo zoonótico relacionado con la presencia de Lymnea neotropica en la Provincia De Mendoza, Argentina

La provincia de Mendoza en Argentina tiene zonas de alta endemia de fascioliasis en el ganado y registro de casos humanos, principalmente en regiones montañosas de altitud superior a los 1500 m snm. Es en los valles andinos donde mejor se desarrollan los vectores, tanto Lymnaea viatrix como el introducido Galba truncatula. La zona de baja altitud en la llanura esdonde se encuentran los oasis que concentran el 95% de la población de la provincia, donde no suelen reportarse casos de fascioliasis. Recientemente se detecto un brote en el ganado a baja altitud (902 m snm)

Presencia de Fasciola Hepatica en equinos en la Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina

La fasciolasis en una enfermedad parasitaria zoonótica producida por el tremátodo Fasciola hepatica, cuyo hospedador intermediario principal son caracoles del género Lymnaea. A pesar de que en Argentina el rol de los rumiantes como reservorios ha sido bastante estudiado, a la fecha es muy escasa la información disponible sobre fascioliasis en equinos. Su importancia como reservorio se ve incrementada dado a que son trasladados frecuentemente a eventos deportivos o son utilizados como animales de carga y transporte, particularmente en zonas andinas. En Argentina existen más de un millón y medio de equinos censados, y en la provincia de Mendoza suman un total de 64000 ejemplare

Insights into the relationships of Palearctic and Nearctic lymnaeids (Mollusca : Gastropoda) by rDNA ITS-2 sequencing and phylogeny of stagnicoline intermediate host species of Fasciola hepatica

Fascioliasis by Fasciola hepatica is the vector-borne disease presenting the widest latitudinal, longitudinal and altitudinal distribution known. F. hepatica shows a great adaptation power to new environmental conditions which is the consequence of its own capacities together with the adaptation and colonization abilities of its specific vector hosts, freshwater snails of the family Lymnaeidae. Several lymnaeid species only considered as secondary contributors to the liver fluke transmission have, however, played a very important role in the geographic expansion of this disease. Many of them belong to the so-called "stagnicoline" type group. Stagnicolines have, therefore, a very important applied interest in the Holarctic region, to which they are geographically restricted. The present knowledge on the genetics of stagnicolines and on their parasite-host interrelationships is, however, far from being sufficient. The present paper analyses the relationships between Palaearctic and Nearctic stagnicoline species on the base of the new light furnished by the results obtained in nuclear rDNA ITS-2 sequencing and corresponding phylogenetic studies of the lymnaeid taxa Lymnaea (Stagnicola) occulta, L. (S.) palustris palustris (topotype specimens) and L. (S.) p. turricula from Europe. Natural infections with F. hepatica have been reported in all of them. Surprisingly, ITS-2 length and GC content of L. occulta were similar and perfectly fitted within the respective ranges known in North American stagnicolines. Nucleotide differences and genetic distances were higher between L. occulta and the other European stagnicolines than between L. occulta and the North American ones. The ITS-2 sequence of L. p. turricula from Poland differed from the other genotypes known from turricula in Europe. The phylogenetic trees using the maximum-parsimony, distance and maximum-likelihood methods confirmed (i) the inclusion of L. occulta in the branch of North American stagnicolines, (ii) the link between the North American stagnicolines-L. occulta group with Galba truncatula, and (iii) the location of the L. p. turricula genotype from Poland closer to L. p. palustris than to other European L. p. turricula genotypes. The Palaearctic species occulta is included in the genus Catascopia, together with the Nearctic species catascopium, emarginata and elodes. The results suggest a potential of transmission capacity for C. occulta higher than that of other European stagnicolines or Omphiscola glabra. The relatively low genetic distances between C. occulta and G. truncatula and the clustering of both species in the same clade suggest that C. occulta may be potentially considered as the second lymnaeid intermediate host species of F. hepatica in importance in eastern and northern Europe, and probably also western and central Asia, after G. truncatula. L. p. turricula may be considered as a potential secondary vector of F. hepatica, at a level similar to that of L. p. palustris.(VLID)221360

Aedes albopictus diversity and relationships in south-western Europe and Brazil by rDNA/mtDNA and phenotypic analyses: ITS-2, a useful marker for spread studies

Background: Aedes albopictus is a very invasive mosquito, which has recently colonized tropical and temperate regions worldwide. Of concern is its role in the spread of emerging or re-emerging mosquito-borne diseases. Ae. albopictus from south-western Europe and Brazil were studied to infer genetic and phenetic diversity at intra-individual, intra-population and inter-population levels, and to analyse its spread. Methods: Genotyping was made by rDNA 5.8S-ITS-2 and mtDNA cox1 sequencing to assess haplotype and nucleotide diversity, genetic distances and phylogenetic networks. Male and female phenotyping included combined landmark-and outlined-based geometric morphometrics of wing size and shape. Results: Specimens from seven populations from Spain, France and Brazil provided 12 cox1 and 162 5.8S-ITS-2 haplotypes, with great genetic variability difference between both markers (0.9% vs 31.2%). Five cox1 haplotypes were shared with other countries, mainly Italy, USA and China, but none was shared between Europe and Brazil. The 5.8S-ITS-2 showed 2–7 intra-individual (mean 4.7) and 16–34 intra-/inter-population haplotypes (24.7), including haplotypes shared between Spain, France and Brazil. A 4.3% of ITS-2 haplotypes were shared, mainly with Italy, USA and Thailand, evidencing worldwide spread and introductions from areas where recent outbreaks of Ae. albopictus-transmitted pathogens occurred. Wing size showed sex differences. Wing shape distinguished between Brazilian and European specimens. Both genetic and morphometric markers showed differences between insular Spain and continental Spain, France and Brazil. Conclusions: ITS-2 proves to be a useful marker to assess Ae. albopictus spread, providing pronouncedly more information than cox1, including intra-individual, intra-population and inter-population levels, furnishing a complete overview of the evolutionary exchanges followed by this mosquito. Wing morphometry proves to be a useful phenotyping marker, allowing to distinguish different populations at the level of both male and female specimens. Results indicate the need for periodic surveillance monitorings to verify that no Ae. albopictus with high virus transmission capacity is introduced into Europe. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2021, The Author(s)

Catascopia, a new genus for three nearctic and one Palaearctic stagnicoline species (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae)

A new genus, Catascopia Meier-Brook et Bargues, is erected for the North American stagnicoline lymnaeid snails catascopium, emarginata and elodes, and the Palaearctic species occulta Jackiewicz, 1959 is included. The separation from the genus Stagnicola is based on striking dissimilarities in base pair lengths of the rDNA ITS-2 sequences

Effects of climate change on animal and zoonotic helminthiases. In: De La

Summary Current knowledge of animal and zoonotic helminthiases in which effects of climate change have been detected is reviewed. Climate variables are able to affect the prevalence, intensity and geographical distribution of helminths, directly influencing free-living larval stages and indirectly influencing mainly invertebrate, but also vertebrate, hosts. The impact of climate change appears to be more pronounced in trematodes, and is mainly shown by increased cercarial production and emergence associated with global warming. Fascioliasis, schistosomiasis (S. japonicum) and cercarial dermatitis caused by avian schistosomes have been the focus of study. Alveolar echinococcosis is currently the only cestode disease that climate change has been found to influence. Nematodiases, including heterakiasis, different trichostrongyliases and protostrongyliases, ancylostomiases and dirofilariases, are the helminth diseases most intensively analysed with regard to climate change. It may be concluded that helminth diseases should be listed among the infectious diseases with which special care should be taken because of climate change in the future, especially in temperate and colder northern latitudes and in areas of high altitude

Major complications of regional anesthesia in France: the SOS Regional Anesthesia Hotline Service. Anesthesiology.

Background: Several previous surveys have estimated the rate of major complications that occur after regional anesthesia. However, because of the increase in the use of regional anesthesia in recent years and because of the introduction of new techniques, reappraisal of the incidence and the characteristics of major complications is useful. Methods: All French anesthesiologists were invited to participate in this 10-month prospective survey based on (1) voluntary reporting of major complications related to regional anesthesia occurring during the study period using a telephone hotline service available 24 h a day and managed by three experts, and (2) voluntary reporting of the number and type of regional anesthesia procedures performed using pocket booklets. The service was free of charge for participants. Results: The participants (n ‫؍‬ 487) reported 56 major complications in 158,083 regional anesthesia procedures performed (3.5/10,000). Four deaths were reported. Cardiac arrest occurred after spinal anesthesia (n ‫؍‬ 10; 2.7/10,000) and posterior lumbar plexus block (n ‫؍‬ 1; 80/10,000). Systemic local anesthetic toxicity consisted of seizures only, without cardiac toxicity. Lidocaine spinal anesthesia was associated with more neurologic complications than bupivacaine spinal anesthesia (14.4/10,000 vs. 2.2/10,000). Most neurologic complications were transient. Among 12 that occurred after peripheral nerve blocks, 9 occurred in patients in whom a nerve stimulator had been used. Conclusion: This prospective survey based on a free hotline permanent telephone service allowed us to estimate the incidence of major complications related to regional anesthesia and to provide a detailed analysis of these complications