Schistosoma mansoni venom allergen-like proteins:Phylogenetic relationships, stage-specific transcription and tissue localization as predictors of immunological cross-reactivity

O artigo encontra-se disponível para download no site do Editor.Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2019-07-15T18:23:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Farias, L.P. Schistosoma mansoni venom...2019.pdf: 1118803 bytes, checksum: 1ddd953840abbbd5d56675c8d6c4fa6e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2019-07-15T18:39:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Farias, L.P. Schistosoma mansoni venom...2019.pdf: 1118803 bytes, checksum: 1ddd953840abbbd5d56675c8d6c4fa6e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-07-15T18:39:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Farias, L.P. Schistosoma mansoni venom...2019.pdf: 1118803 bytes, checksum: 1ddd953840abbbd5d56675c8d6c4fa6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Welcome Trust (UK) (WT084273/Z/07/Z) to KFH, Fundação Butantan, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Brazil) to LPF and LLC (2012/23124-4), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) to LCCL and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001, and by fellowships from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, Brazil) to LPF (2008/57946-5) and HKF (2007/07685-8) and from CNPq to MIK (160861/2017-9). We thank Dra. Eliana Nakano and Ms. Patricia A. Miyasato for supplying the parasite stages and to Alexsander Seixas de Souza for confocal microscopy (FAPESP 00/11624-5) imaging support, all from Instituto Butantan, Brazil.Instituto Butantan. Centro de Biotecnologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Aberystwyth University. Institute of Biological. Environmental and Rural Sciences. Aberystwyth, UK.Aberystwyth University. Institute of Biological. Environmental and Rural Sciences. Aberystwyth, UK.Instituto Butantan. Centro de Biotecnologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Aberystwyth University. Institute of Biological. Environmental and Rural Sciences. Aberystwyth, UK.Aberystwyth University. Institute of Biological. Environmental and Rural Sciences. Aberystwyth, UK.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Instituto Butantan. Centro de Biotecnologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil / Universidade de São Paulo. Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Leiden University Medical Centre. Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics. RC Leiden, The Netherlands.Leiden University Medical Centre. Department of Parasitology. RC Leiden, The Netherlands.Instituto Butantan. Centro de Biotecnologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Aberystwyth University. Institute of Biological. Environmental and Rural Sciences. Aberystwyth, UK.Schistosoma mansoni venom allergen-like proteins (SmVALs) are part of a diverse protein superfamily partitioned into two groups (group 1 and group 2). Phylogenetic analyses of group 1 SmVALs revealed that members could be segregated into subclades (A-D); these subclades share similar gene expression patterns across the parasite lifecycle and immunological cross-reactivity. Furthermore, whole-mount in situ hybridization demonstrated that the phylogenetically, transcriptionally and immunologically-related SmVAL4, 10, 18 and 19 (subclade C) were all localized to the pre-acetabular glands of immature cercariae. Our results suggest that SmVAL group 1 phylogenetic relationships, stage-specific transcriptional profiles and tissue localization are predictive of immunological cross-reactivity

Reimagining Children’s Rights in the US

ImportanceThe US faces a pivotal moment of opportunity and risk regarding issues affecting children (aged 0-17 years). Although the US remains the only United Nations member state to not have ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), a child rights framework is essential for child health professionals seeking to advance many issues affecting children in the US. The Reimagining Children's Rights project (2020-2021) conducted an in-depth environmental scan of relevant literature and policy analysis using the Three Horizons design process to assess strategies that could advance the rights and well-being of children in the US. The project was overseen by a steering committee and informed by an advisory committee composed of youth leaders and experts in children's rights, advocacy, health, law, and a range of child-specific issues (eg, youth justice, early childhood development), who provided expert input on strategic considerations for advancing children's rights.ObservationsSeven findings about advancing children's rights in the US are notable, all reflecting current gaps and opportunities for using a whole-child rights framework in the US, even without formal adoption of the CRC. Actionable strategies, tactics, and tools to leverage sustainable change in the multitude of issue areas can advance the current state of children's rights. High-potential strategies for catalyzing advancement of children's rights include youth activism, innovations in governance and accountability, legislative action, impact litigation, place-based initiatives, education and public awareness, alignment with other children's movements, and research. The child rights framework is unifying and adaptive to future unforeseen challenges.Conclusions and relevanceChildren's rights provide a powerful, synergistic framework for child health professionals-in partnership with youth and other leaders-to increase equity and protect the rights and well-being of all children in the US

Increased interregional virus exchange and nucleotide diversity outline the expansion of chikungunya virus in Brazil

Abstract The emergence and reemergence of mosquito-borne diseases in Brazil such as yellow fever, zika, chikungunya, and dengue have had serious impacts on public health. Concerns have been raised due to the rapid dissemination of the chikungunya virus across the country since its first detection in 2014 in Northeast Brazil. In this work, we carried out on-site training activities in genomic surveillance in partnership with the National Network of Public Health Laboratories that have led to the generation of 422 chikungunya virus genomes from 12 Brazilian states over the past two years (2021–2022), a period that has seen more than 312 thousand chikungunya fever cases reported in the country. These genomes increased the amount of available data and allowed a more comprehensive characterization of the dispersal dynamics of the chikungunya virus East-Central-South-African lineage in Brazil. Tree branching patterns revealed the emergence and expansion of two distinct subclades. Phylogeographic analysis indicated that the northeast region has been the leading hub of virus spread towards other regions. Increased frequency of C > T transitions among the new genomes suggested that host restriction factors from the immune system such as ADAR and AID/APOBEC deaminases might be driving the genetic diversity of the chikungunya virus in Brazil