Bank interest rates pass-through: new evidence from French panel data

This paper investigates the pass-through mechanism from market interest rates to bank interest rates using a panel of French banks based on new interest rates statistics. The data are extracted from new individual contracts, on a monthly basis for the three main sectors of the credit market (consumers loans, mortgage loans and loans to enterprises) from January 2003 to July 2007. The pass-through is estimated using recent econometric methods on non-stationary panel data. In contrast to previous studies, cross-sectional dependence among banks is allowed. Our results confirm that bank rates for loans to enterprises and mortgage loans do not adjust completely to changes in market rates, even in the long run. The model also captures the narrowing of the intermediation margin during the period considered.transmission mechanism of monetary policy, nonstationary panel data, cross-section dependence

Esterases in marine dinoflagellates and resistance to the organophosphate insecticide parathion

Esterases are involved in the susceptibility or resistance of organisms to organophosphate pesticides. We have examined the action of parathion on the marine dinoflagellates Crypthecodinium cohnii and Prorocentrum micans by looking at their esterases. One-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting and cytochemistry plus image analysis were used to characterize the nature and distribution of the enzymes. Esterases were found in both species, but there appeared to be no particular intracellular localization. The esterase activity of the heterotrophic species Crypthecodinium cohnii was 30-fold greater than that of the autotrophic Prorocentrum micans and had an antigenic site in common with mosquito esterase. The resistance of Crypthecodinium cohnii to parathion was specific and reversible. Less parathion entered the parathion-resistant Crypthecodinium cohnii cells than the untreated control cells. Parathion-resistant cell extracts of Crypthecodinium cohnii analyzed after immunoblotting also contained an additional band of esterase activity. These results confirm the importance of esterases in toxicological studies of organophosphate insecticides, especially those of marine dinoflagellates

Bank interest rates pass-through: new evidence from French panel data

This paper investigates the pass-through mechanism from market interest rates to bank interest rates using a panel of French banks based on new interest rates statistics. The data are extracted from new individual contracts, on a monthly basis for the three main sectors of the credit market (consumers loans, mortgage loans and loans to enterprises) from January 2003 to July 2007. The pass-through is estimated using recent econometric methods on non-stationary panel data. In contrast to previous studies, cross-sectional dependence among banks is allowed. Our results confirm that bank rates for loans to enterprises and mortgage loans do not adjust completely to changes in market rates, even in the long run. The model also captures the narrowing of the intermediation margin during the period considered

Bank interest rates pass-through: new evidence from French panel data

This paper investigates the pass-through mechanism from market interest rates to bank interest rates using a panel of French banks based on new interest rates statistics. The data are extracted from new individual contracts, on a monthly basis for the three main sectors of the credit market (consumers loans, mortgage loans and loans to enterprises) from January 2003 to July 2007. The pass-through is estimated using recent econometric methods on non-stationary panel data. In contrast to previous studies, cross-sectional dependence among banks is allowed. Our results confirm that bank rates for loans to enterprises and mortgage loans do not adjust completely to changes in market rates, even in the long run. The model also captures the narrowing of the intermediation margin during the period considered

The essentials of marine biotechnology.

Coastal countries have traditionally relied on the existing marine resources (e.g., fishing, food, transport, recreation, and tourism) as well as tried to support new economic endeavors (ocean energy, desalination for water supply, and seabed mining). Modern societies and lifestyle resulted in an increased demand for dietary diversity, better health and well-being, new biomedicines, natural cosmeceuticals, environmental conservation, and sustainable energy sources. These societal needs stimulated the interest of researchers on the diverse and underexplored marine environments as promising and sustainable sources of biomolecules and biomass, and they are addressed by the emerging field of marine (blue) biotechnology. Blue biotechnology provides opportunities for a wide range of initiatives of commercial interest for the pharmaceutical, biomedical, cosmetic, nutraceutical, food, feed, agricultural, and related industries. This article synthesizes the essence, opportunities, responsibilities, and challenges encountered in marine biotechnology and outlines the attainment and valorization of directly derived or bio-inspired products from marine organisms. First, the concept of bioeconomy is introduced. Then, the diversity of marine bioresources including an overview of the most prominent marine organisms and their potential for biotechnological uses are described. This is followed by introducing methodologies for exploration of these resources and the main use case scenarios in energy, food and feed, agronomy, bioremediation and climate change, cosmeceuticals, bio-inspired materials, healthcare, and well-being sectors. The key aspects in the fields of legislation and funding are provided, with the emphasis on the importance of communication and stakeholder engagement at all levels of biotechnology development. Finally, vital overarching concepts, such as the quadruple helix and Responsible Research and Innovation principle are highlighted as important to follow within the marine biotechnology field. The authors of this review are collaborating under the European Commission-funded Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action Ocean4Biotech – European transdisciplinary networking platform for marine biotechnology and focus the study on the European state of affairs

Topographie Chrétienne des Cités de la Gaule, errata et addenda au T. XVI

Errata et Addenda au T. XVI de la Topographie Chrétienne des Cités de Gauleà utiliser et à diffuse

L' argumentation en français dans des discours de locuteurs et scripteurs ivoiriens

Le français parlé et écrit en Côte d'Ivoire a donné lieu majoritairement à des analyses lexicales et morphosyntaxiques, rarement discursives. L'objectif de cette recherche est la description de discours argumentatifs en français par des locuteurs ivoiriens, par l'analyse de leurs emplois des marqueurs énonciatifs et des procédés polyphoniques, de l'organisation et de la structure de leurs énoncés, et des types d'arguments qu'ils utilisent pour étayer leurs argumentations. Notre étude a permis de rendre compte des procédés utilisés et du fonctionnement des discours analysés. En outre, elle a donné l'occasion de mettre en exergue les valeurs qui fondent ces praxis.Spoken and written french in Ivory Coast have given place to lexical and morphosyntactic analyses, but rarely discoursive. The aim of this research is the description of the means used by ivoirien speakers and writers to build an argumentation. This analysis examines their utilisation of the enunciative indicators and polyphonic processes, the organisation and the structure of their speech and text, and the types of arguments they use to reinforce their argumentation. Our study allowed us to point out the techniques they use and the construction of their discourse. More over, it permitted to underline the values that found this praxis.MONTPELLIER-BU Lettres (341722103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Structure et stabilité des systèmes triatomiques CuCo et FeCO

Dans une représentation avec pseudo-potentiels et une base de gaussiennes contractées sous forme bizeta (4s et 4p) et trizeta (3d) pour les orbitales de valence, la structure électronique des molécules CuCO linéaire et FeCO dans diverses géométries a été déterminée par un calcul SCF en couches ouvertes suivi d’une évaluation de la corrélation par perturbation-variation (méthode ClPSI). Les deux états de plus basse énergie – 2∑+ et 2Π pour CuCO et 3∑– et 5∑– pour FeCO linéaire – sont stables par rapport à leurs produits de dissociation et les caractéristiques moléculaires (énergies et longueurs de liaison, fréquences de vibration, moment dipolaire) évaluées pour les états fondamentaux sont en très bon accord avec les données expérimentales. Les structures électroniques de ces deux molécules sont nettement différentes : CuCO (μ = 3,58 D) est beaucoup plus polaire que FeCO (μ = 0,86 D) ; en effet pour FeCO le transfert électronique σ (M ← CO) et le transfert π (M → CO) sont de même importance tandis que pour CuCO, le transfert σ est prépondérant

Datation et traduction des lettres de Frothaire

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