Influence Of Abutment Type And Esthetic Veneering On Preload Maintenance Of Abutment Screw Of Implant-supported Crowns

Purpose: The effect of veneering materials on screw joint stability remains inconclusive. Thus, this study evaluated the preload maintenance of abutment screws of single crowns fabricated with different abutments and veneering materials. Materials and Methods: Sixty crowns were divided into five groups (n = 12): UCLA abutment in gold alloy with ceramic (group GC) and resin (group GR) veneering, UCLA abutment in titanium with ceramic (group TiC) and resin (group TiR) veneering, and zirconia abutment with ceramic veneering (group ZiC). Abutment screws made of gold were used with a 35 Ncm insertion torque. Detorque measurements were obtained initially and after mechanical cycling. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Fisher's exact test at a significance level of 5%. Results: For the initial detorque means (in Ncm), group TiC (21.4 ± 1.78) exhibited statistically lower torque maintenance than groups GC (23.9 ± 0.91), GR (24.1 ± 1.34), and TiR (23.2 ± 1.33) (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact test). Group ZiC (21.9 ± 2.68) exhibited significantly lower torque maintenance than groups GC, GR, and TiR (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact test). After mechanical cycling, there was a statistically significant difference between groups TiC (22.1 ± 1.86) and GR (23.8 ± 1.56); between groups ZiC (21.7 ± 2.02) and GR; and also between groups ZiC and TiR (23.6 ± 1.30) (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact test). Conclusions: Detorque reduction occurred regardless of abutment type and veneering material. More irregular surfaces in the hexagon area of the castable abutments were observed. The superiority of any veneering material concerning preload maintenance was not established. © 2013 by the American College of Prosthodontists.232134139Branemark, P.I., Zarb, G., Albrektsson, T., (1987) Tissue-Integrated Prostheses: Osseointegration in Clinical Dentistry. 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Effect Of Bleaching Agents And Soft Drink On Titanium Surface Topography

The effects of carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide and cola soft drink on the topographic modifications of commercially-pure titanium (CP-Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V were investigated. Ti discs were divided into 18 groups (n = 4) based on the solution treatment and Ti type. Specimens were immersed in 3 mL of each solution for 4 h per day (for the remaining 20 h, discs were left dry or immersed in artificial saliva) for 15 days. For control, specimens were immersed in only artificial saliva. Ti surfaces were examined using scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force (AFM) microscopes and their surface roughness (in μm) and surface chemical modifications were investigated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Groups immersed in 35% hydrogen peroxide showed the highest roughness (Ra) (171.65 ± 4.04 for CP-Ti and 145.91 ± 14.71 for Ti-6Al-4V) (p 0.05). SEM and AFM revealed dramatic changes in the specimens surfaces immersed in the 35% hydrogen peroxide, mainly for CP-Ti. No detectable chemical modifications on the Ti surface were observed. 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Corrosion Kinetics And Topography Analysis Of Ti-6al-4v Alloy Subjected To Different Mouthwash Solutions

This study evaluated the corrosion kinetics and surface topography of Ti-6Al-4V alloy exposed to mouthwash solutions (0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate, 0.053% cetylpyridinium chloride and 3% hydrogen peroxide) compared to artificial saliva (pH 6.5) (control). Twenty Ti-6Al-4V alloy disks were used and divided into 4 groups (n = 5). For the electrochemical assay, standard tests as open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were applied at baseline, 7 and 14 days after immersion in the solutions. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and profilometry (average roughness - Ra) were used for surface characterization. Total weight loss of disks was calculated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni's test (α = 0.05). Hydrogen peroxide generated the lowest polarization resistance (R p) values for all periods (P &lt; 0.05). For the capacitance (C dl), similar results were observed among groups at baseline (P = 0.098). For the 7 and 14-day periods, hydrogen peroxide promoted the highest Cdl values (P &lt; 0.0001). Hydrogen peroxide promoted expressive superficial changes and greater Ra values than the others (P &lt; 0.0001). It could be concluded that solutions containing cetylpyridinium chloride and chlorhexidine digluconate might be the mouthwashes of choice during the post-operatory period of dental implants. However, hydrogen peroxide is counter-indicated in these situations. Further studies evaluating the dynamics of these solutions (tribocorrosion) and immersing the disks in daily cycles (two or three times a day) to mimic a clinical situation closest to the application of mouthwashes in the oral cavity are warranted to prove our results. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.43110Ivanoff, C.J., Hallgren, C., Widmark, G., Sennerby, L., Wennerberg, A., (2001) Clin. Oral Implants Res., 12, pp. 128-134Barao, V.A., Mathew, M.T., Assuncao, W.G., Yuan, J.C., Wimmer, M.A., Sukotjo, C., (2012) Clin. 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Influence Of Corrosion On Lipopolysaccharide Affinity For Two Different Titanium Materials

Statement of problem Titanium is subject to corrosion in the oral cavity, which could contribute to periimplantitis. However, the effect of corrosion on the lipopolysaccharide affinity for titanium remains unknown. Purpose This study evaluated the role of corrosion (in artificial saliva at pHs 3, 6.5, and 9) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affinity for commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Material and methods Seventy-two titanium disks were anodically polarized in a controlled environment (n=9). Control specimens were not corroded. Deionized water with different concentrations of LPS (1.5, 15, and 150 μg/mL) were used to treat the disks for 24 hours to investigate LPS adherence (n=3). Then specimens were immersed in LPS-free water to evaluate LPS elution at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Data were analyzed by the 2-way, 3-way, and 3-way repeated measures ANOVA, t tests, and the Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) tests (α=.05). Results A greater corrosion rate of cp-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy and a higher LPS adherence to titanium surfaces (P<.05) were noted at acidic pH. The LPS affinity was higher for the Ti-6Al-4V alloy than for cp-Ti (P<.05). More LPS was eluted from titanium surfaces after a 24-hour interval. Conclusion Lipopolysaccharide affinity for cp-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy is influenced by the corrosion process.1106462470Nakagawa, M., Matsuya, S., Udoh, K., Effects of fluoride and dissolved oxygen concentrations on the corrosion behavior of pure titanium and titanium alloys (2002) Dent Mater J, 21, pp. 83-92Gil, F.J., Canedo, R., Padros, A., Baneres, M.V., Arano, J.M., Fretting corrosion behaviour of ball-and-socket joint on dental implants with different prosthodontic alloys (2003) Biomed Mater Eng, 13, pp. 27-34Nakagawa, M., Matsuya, S., Shiraishi, T., Ohta, M., Effect of fluoride concentration and pH on corrosion behavior of titanium for dental use (1999) J Dent Res, 78, pp. 1568-1572Nikolopoulou, F., Saliva and dental implants (2006) Implant Dent, 15, pp. 372-376Vieira, A.C., Ribeiro, A.R., Rocha, L.A., Celis, J.P., Influence of pH and corrosion inhibitors on the tribocorrosion of titanium in artificial saliva (2006) Wear, 261, pp. 994-1001Azzi, M., Szpunar, J.A., Tribo-electrochemical technique for studying tribocorrosion behavior of biomaterials (2007) Biomol Eng, 24, pp. 443-446De Assis, S.L., Wolynec, S., Costa, I., Corrosion characterization of titanium alloys by electrochemical techniques (2006) Electrochim Acta, 51, pp. 1815-1819Mabilleau, G., Bourdon, S., Joly-Guillou, M.L., Filmon, R., Basle, M.F., Chappard, D., Influence of fluoride, hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid on the corrosion resistance of commercially pure titanium (2006) Acta Biomater, 2, pp. 121-129Souza, M.E., Lima, L., Lima, C.R., Zavaglia, C.A., Freire, C.M., Effects of pH on the electrochemical behaviour of titanium alloys for implant applications (2009) J Mater Sci Mater Med, 20, pp. 549-552Huang, H.H., Effect of fluoride and albumin concentration on the corrosion behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy (2003) Biomaterials, 24, pp. 275-282Correa, C.B., Pires, J.R., Fernandes-Filho, R.B., Sartori, R., Vaz, L.G., Fatigue and fluoride corrosion on Streptococcus mutans adherence to titanium-based implant/component surfaces (2009) J Prosthodont, 18, pp. 382-387Joska, L., Fojt, J., Corrosion behaviour of titanium after short-term exposure to an acidic environment containing fluoride ions (2010) J Mater Sci Mater Med, 21, pp. 481-488Quirynen, M., De Soete, M., Van Steenberghe, D., Infectious risks for oral implants: A review of the literature (2002) Clin Oral Implants Res, 13, pp. 1-19Morgan, T.D., Wilson, M., The effects of surface roughness and type of denture acrylic on biofilm formation by Streptococcus oralis in a constant depth film fermentor (2001) J Appl Microbiol, 91, pp. 47-53Bollen, C.M., Papaioanno, W., Van Eldere, J., Schepers, E., Quirynen, M., Van Steenberghe, D., The influence of abutment surface roughness on plaque accumulation and peri-implant mucositis (1996) Clin Oral Implants Res, 7, pp. 201-211Quirynen, M., Bollen, C.M., Willems, G., Van Steenberghe, D., Comparison of surface characteristics of six commercially pure titanium abutments (1994) Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 9, pp. 71-76Simon, B.I., Goldman, H.M., Ruben, M.P., Baker, E., The role of endotoxin in periodontal disease. I. A reproducible, quantitative method for determining the amount of endotoxin in human gingival exudate (1969) J Periodontol, 40, pp. 695-701Wilson, M., Biological activities of lipopolysaccharides from oral bacteria and their relevance to the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis (1995) Sci Prog, 78 (PART 1), pp. 19-34Quirynen, M., Vogels, R., Peeters, W., Van Steenberghe, D., Naert, I., Haffajee, A., Dynamics of initial subgingival colonization of 'pristine' peri-implant pockets (2006) Clin Oral Implants Res, 17, pp. 25-37Giannelli, M., Bani, D., Tani, A., Pini, A., Margheri, M., Zecchi-Orlandini, S., In vitro evaluation of the effects of low-intensity Nd:YAG laser irradiation on the inflammatory reaction elicited by bacterial lipopolysaccharide adherent to titanium dental implants (2009) J Periodontol, 80, pp. 977-984Nelson, S.K., Knoernschild, K.L., Robinson, F.G., Schuster, G.S., Lipopolysaccharide affinity for titanium implant biomaterials (1997) J Prosthet Dent, 77, pp. 76-82Knoernschild, K.L., Tompkins, G.R., Schuster, G.S., Lefebvre, C.A., Russell, C.M., Effect of treatment concentration on lipopolysaccharide affinity for two alloys (1997) Dent Mater, 13, pp. 111-117Knoernschild, K.L., Bacon, W.L., Fischman, G.S., Campbell, S.D., Effect of pH on endotoxin affinity for metal-ceramic alloys (2001) J Prosthet Dent, 86, pp. 644-649Knoernschild, K.L., Lefebvre, C.A., Schuster, G.S., Payant, L.M., Gagnon, F.M., Endotoxin adherence to and elution from two casting alloys (1994) Int J Prosthodont, 7, pp. 22-29Knoernschild, K.L., Tompkins, G.R., Lefebvre, C.A., Schuster, G.S., Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide affinity for two casting alloys (1995) J Prosthet Dent, 74, pp. 33-38Gagnon, F., Knoernschild, K.L., Payant, L., Tompkins, G.R., Litaker, M.S., Schuster, G.S., Endotoxin affinity for provisional restorative resins (1994) J Prosthodont, 3, pp. 228-236Knoernschild, K.L., Tompkins, G.R., Lefebvre, C.A., Griffiths, L.L., Schuster, G.S., Effect of pH on Porphyromonas gingivalis endotoxin affinity for resins (1996) Int J Prosthodont, 9, pp. 239-247Robinson, F.G., Knoernschild, K.L., Sterrett, J.D., Tompkins, G.R., Porphyromonas gingivalis endotoxin affinity for dental ceramics (1996) J Prosthet Dent, 75, pp. 217-227Barao, V.A., Mathew, M.T., Assuncao, W.G., Yuan, J.C., Wimmer, M.A., Sukotjo, C., The role of lipopolysaccharide on the electrochemical behavior of titanium (2011) J Dent Res, 90, pp. 613-618Mathew, M.T., Barao, V.A., Yuan, J.C., Assuncao, W.G., Sukotjo, C., Wimmer, M.A., What is the role of lipopolysaccharide on the tribocorrosive behavior of titanium? 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The Influence Of Bone Quality On The Biomechanical Behavior Of Full-arch Implant-supported Fixed Prostheses

We evaluated the influence of bone tissue type on stress distribution in full-arch implant-supported fixed prostheses using a three-dimensional finite element analysis. Stresses in cortical and trabecular bones were also investigated. Edentulous mandible models with four implants inserted into the interforaminal region were constructed from different bone types: type 1 - compact bone; type 2 - compact bone surrounding dense trabecular bone; type 3 - a thin layer of compact bone surrounding trabecular bone; and type 4 - low-quality trabecular bone. The mandible was restored with a full-arch implant-supported fixed prosthesis. A 100-N oblique load was applied to the left lower first molar of the prosthesis. The maximum (σmax) and minimum (σmin) principal stress values were determined. The σmax in the type 4 cortical bone was 22.56% higher than that in the type 1 bone. The σmin values in the cortical bone were similar among all the bone types. For the superstructure, increases of 9.04% in the σmax and 11.74% in the σmin in G4 (type 4 bone) compared with G1 (type 1 bone) were observed. For the implants, the highest stress values were located in G4, and the lowest values were observed in G1. In the trabecular bone, the highest stress was generated in G1 and G2. In conclusion, the more compact bones (types 1 and 2) are the most suitable for supporting full-arch implant-supported fixed prostheses, and poor bone quality may increase the risk of biological and mechanical failure. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.371164170Karthik, K., Sivakumar, Sivaraj, Thangaswamy, V., Evaluation of implant success: A review of past and present concepts (2013) J. Pharm. Bioallied. 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